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Yin Y, Xiang G, Pan Y, He L, Xu H, Wei WH, Li L, Liu Z. maxPIE: An innovative high throughput approach to enhance pathogen inactivation practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:174803. [PMID: 39009163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Effective pathogen inactivation is highly desired in public health but limited by existing methods each capable of assessing pathogen inactivation effectiveness (PIE) only in a specific condition. We therefore developed a novel method maxPIE designed to identify maximal PIEs across inactivation conditions by leveraging the power of massive array technologies. maxPIE implements a three-step algorithm to quickly identify maximal PIEs of inactivation treatments: (1) dilute pathogens into different initial titers each stored in an array well, (2) submit one sorted array to one treatment, (3) scan the treated array to find the maximum. maxPIE outperformed the conventional methods in (a) inactivating S. aureus using ultraviolet light of different wavelengths with different durations; (b) antibiotic treatment of S. aureus, E. coli, and multidrug-resistant E. coli; (c) inactivating S. aureus in plasma using ultraviolet light in different wavelengths with and without riboflavin. maxPIE was easy to understand and interpret and was robust in situations where conventional PIE methods would suffer. Hence, maxPIE can serve as an innovative and high throughput approach that can be widely used to enhance pathogen inactivation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Yin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Guifen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Liu He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Wei
- Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Patel H, Patel P, Modi N, Shah S, Ghoghari A, Variya B, Laddha R, Baradia D, Dobaria N, Mehta P, Srinivas NR. One should avoid retro-orbital pharmacokinetic sample collections for intranasal dosing in rats: Illustration of spurious pharmacokinetics generated for anti-migraine drugs zolmitriptan and eletriptan. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:87-93. [PMID: 28549679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of the avoidance of first pass metabolic effects due to direct and rapid absorption with improved permeability, intranasal route represents a good alternative for extravascular drug administration. The aim of the study was to investigate the intranasal pharmacokinetics of two anti-migraine drugs (zolmitriptan and eletriptan), using retro-orbital sinus and jugular vein sites sampling. In a parallel study design, healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged between 8 and 12weeks were divided into groups (n=4 or 5/group). The animals of individual groups were dosed intranasal (~1.0mg/kg) and oral doses of 2.1mg/kg of either zolmitriptan or eletriptan. Serial blood sampling was performed from jugular vein or retro-orbital site and plasma samples were analyzed for drug concentrations using LC-MS/MS assay. Standard pharmacokinetics parameters such as Tmax, Cmax, AUClast, AUC0-inf and T1/2 were calculated and statistics of derived parameters was performed using unpaired t-test. After intranasal dosing, the mean pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUCinf of zolmitriptan/eletriptan showed about 17-fold and 3-5-fold higher values for retro-orbital sampling as compared to the jugular vein sampling site. Whereas after oral administration such parameters derived for both drugs were largely comparable between the two sampling sites and statistically non-significant. In conclusion, the assessment of plasma levels after intranasal administration with retro-orbital sampling would result in spurious and misleading pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harilal Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prakash Patel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nirav Modi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shaival Shah
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashok Ghoghari
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ritu Laddha
- Pharmaceutical Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipesh Baradia
- Pharmaceutical Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitin Dobaria
- Pharmaceutical Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pavak Mehta
- Pharmaceutical Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India.
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Chandra S, Groener A, Feldman F. Effectiveness of alternative treatments for reducing potential viral contaminants from plasma-derived products. Thromb Res 2002; 105:391-400. [PMID: 12062540 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(02)00044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An issue of great importance and continuing concern with regard to all products derived from human plasma is their safety from potential contaminants in the source material from which they are purified. Since viral contaminants are a major safety consideration with these products, a number of different methods, including dry heating, vapor heating, filtration and nanofiltration, ultraviolet and gamma irradiation, pasteurization, solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment, sodium thiocyanate treatment, and chromatography (immunoaffinity, metal chelation, affinity, and ion exchange), have been developed to remove or inactivate potentially contaminating viruses. Pasteurization and S/D treatment have emerged as the dominant viral inactivation methods. Results summarized in this review demonstrate that pasteurization is the broadest and most rigorous currently available method for removal of potential viral contaminants from plasma-derived products. S/D treatment requires control over a large number of manufacturing parameters and has no ability to inactivate nonlipid-enveloped viruses. Pasteurization requires control over only a small number of manufacturing variables, is easily monitored, and remains effective even if deviations are encountered from specified protein and stabilizer concentrations and temperature. In addition, pasteurization is effective against a wide range of lipid- and nonlipid-enveloped viruses.
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Abstract
Factor XI deficiency is a rare hereditary bleeding disorder affecting the intrinsic pathway. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical significance of this disease entity can help avoid potentially hazardous sequelae. This case presentation discusses laboratory criteria and serum assaying techniques utilized to appropriately manage preoperative or post-traumatic patients suffering from factor XI deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hernandez
- Brooklyn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York 11209, USA
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Halbmayer WM. Rational, high quality laboratory monitoring before, during, and after infusion of prothrombin complex concentrates. Thromb Res 1999; 95:S25-30. [PMID: 10499906 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) have been used for over thirty years to treat or prevent bleeding due to hemophilia B, vitamin K deficiency, warfarin overdose, liver disease, or deficiency of one of the prothrombin complex factors. This article tries to answer the questions of which profile of laboratory assays is required for the establishment of the diagnosis; what are indications of replacement therapy with PCCs; how to monitor the therapeutic effect; and how to monitor a possible prethrombotic state after PCC infusion. After proposing basic, standard, and optimal profiles of hemostaseological assays, the basic principal characteristics of a quality management satisfying the requirements of good laboratory practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Halbmayer
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Zentrallaboratorium mit Thromboseambulanz am Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien-Lainz, Vienna, Austria.
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