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Xu F, Xu H, Wan Z, Yang G, Yang L, Wu X, Song J, Wang Y. A Linear Discriminant Analysis Model Based on the Changes of 7 Proteins in Plasma Predicts Response to Anlotinib Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 11:756902. [PMID: 35070967 PMCID: PMC8777128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anlotinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor mainly targeting angiogenesis signaling. The predictive marker of anlotinib’s efficacy remains elusive. This study was designed to explore the predictive marker of anlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We prospectively enrolled 52 advanced NSCLC patients who underwent at least one line of targeted therapy or chemotherapy between August 2018 and March 2020. Patients were divided into durable responders (DR) and non-durable responders (NDR) based on the median progression-free survival (PFS, 176 days). The Olink Immuno-Oncology panel (92 proteins) was used to explore the predictive protein biomarkers in plasma samples before treatment (baseline) and on the first treatment evaluation (paired). Results At baseline, the response to anlotinib was not significantly associated with age, gender, smoke history, histology, oligo-metastases, EGFR mutations, and other clinical characteristics. The results of PFS-related protein biomarkers at baseline were all not satisfying. Then we assessed the changes of 92 proteins levels in plasma on the first treatment evaluation. We obtained a Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model based on 7 proteins, with an accuracy of 100% in the original data and an accuracy of 89.2% in cross validation. The 7 proteins were CD70, MIC-A/B, LAG3, CAIX, PDCD1, MMP12, and PD-L2. Multivariate Cox analysis further showed that the changes of CD70 (HR 25.48; 95% CI, 4.90–132.41, P=0.000) and MIC-A/B (HR 15.04; 95% CI, 3.81–59.36, P=0.000) in plasma were the most significant prognostic factors for PFS. Conclusion We reported herein a LDA model based on the changes of 7 proteins levels in plasma before and after treatment, which could predict anlotinib responders among advanced NSCLC patients with an accuracy of 100%. Further studies are warranted to verify the prediction performance of the LDA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Wan
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Song
- Beijing Immupeutics Medicine Technology Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Yao X, Mao L, Yi K, Han Y, Li W, Xiao Y, Ji J, Wang Q, Ren K. Radiomic Signature as a Diagnostic Factor for Classification of Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
<sec> <title>Objectives:</title> To discuss the application of radiomics using Computerized Tomography (CT) analysis, for improving its diagnostic efficacy in lung, specifically in distinguishing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), lung Adenocarcinoma (ADC),
and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). </sec> <sec> <title>Methods:</title> The pathology of 189 identified cases of lung cancer was analyzed, retrospectively (60 patients with SCC, 69 patients with lung ADC and 60 patients with SCLC). A neural network was used
to determine whether the pulmonary or mediastinal window was selected to extract effective radiomic features. The key features of radiomic signature were retrieved by a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) multiple logistic regression model. Next, receiver operating characteristic
curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis were used to evaluate the performance of the radiomic signature in both, training(129 patients) and validation cohorts (60 patients). </sec> <sec> <title>Results:</title> About 295 features were extracted from
a manually outlined tumor region. Features extracted from mediastinal window CT scans had a better prognostic ability than pulmonary window scans. The average accuracy for mediastinal window scans was 0.933. Our analysis revealed that the radiomic features extracted from mediastinal window
scans had the potential to build a prediction model for distinguishing between SCC, lung ADC, and SCLC. The performance of the radiomic signature to diagnose SCC and SCLC in validation cohorts proved effective, with AUC values of 0.869 and 0.859, respectively. </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusions:</title>
A unique radiomic signature was constructed as a diagnostic factor for different histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer may benefit from this proposed radiomic signature. </sec>
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Xiang’an Hospital of XiaMen University, XiaMen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Mao
- The School of Economics, XiaMen University, XiaMen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, China
| | - Yuxiao Han
- Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Yingqi Xiao
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Pathology, Sunning People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xiang’an Hospital of XiaMen University, XiaMen 361000, Fujian, China
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3
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Li Z, Yang L, Wang H, Binzel DW, Williams TM, Guo P. Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Regression by siRNA Delivered Through Exosomes That Display EGFR RNA Aptamer. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:364-374. [PMID: 33999716 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women and is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The development of drug resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses significant health risks and there is a dire need to improve patient outcomes. In this study, we report the use of RNA nanotechnology to display ligand on exosome that was loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for NSCLC regression in animal trials. Cholesterol was used to anchor the ligand targeting epidermal growth factor receptor on exosomes that were loaded with siRNA to silence the antiapoptotic factor survivin. The cytosolic delivery of siRNA overcame the problem of endosome trapping, leading to potent gene knockdown, chemotherapy sensitization, and tumor regression, thus achieving a favorable IC50 of 20 nmol/kg siRNA encapsulated by exosome particles in the in vivo gene knockdown assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kumar V, Yadavilli S, Kannan R. A review on RNAi therapy for NSCLC: Opportunities and challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1677. [PMID: 33174364 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite developments in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at approximately 16% for the last four decades. NSCLC is a heterogeneous group of tumors that, through mutations and drivers, also demonstrate intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, current treatment approaches revolve around targeting these oncogenes, often using small molecule inhibitors and chemotherapeutics. However, the efficacy of these therapies has been crippled by acquired and inherent drug-resistance in the tumor, accompanied by increased therapeutic dosages and subsequent devastating off-target effects for patients. Evidently, there is a critical need for developing treatment methodologies more effective than the current standard of care. Fortunately, RNA interference, particularly small interfering RNA (siRNA), presents an alternative of silencing specific oncogenes to control tumor growth. Although siRNA therapy is subject to rapid degradation and poor internalization in vivo, nanoparticles can serve as nontoxic and efficient delivery vehicles, even introducing combinational delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. Indeed, siRNA-nanoconstructs possess extraordinary potential as an innovative modality to address clinical needs. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the recent advancements in the development of novel nanosystems for delivering siRNA to NSCLC tumors and analyzes the efficacy of representative examples. By illuminating the most promising biomarkers for silencing, we hope to streamline current therapeutic efforts and highlight powerful translational opportunities to combat NSCLC. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sairam Yadavilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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5
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Giannicola R, D'Arrigo G, Botta C, Agostino R, Del Medico P, Falzea AC, Barbieri V, Staropoli N, Del Giudice T, Pastina P, Nardone V, Monoriti M, Calabrese G, Tripepi G, Pirtoli L, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P, Correale P. Early blood rise in auto-antibodies to nuclear and smooth muscle antigens is predictive of prolonged survival and autoimmunity in metastatic-non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 immune-check point blockade by nivolumab. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:81-90. [PMID: 31289683 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade by Nivolumab, a human monoclonal antibody to programmed cell death receptor-1, is an emerging treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). In order to prolong patient survival, this treatment requires a continuous cross-priming of tumor derived-antigens to supply fresh tumor-specific immune-effectors; a phenomenon that may also trigger auto-immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The present study therefore investigated the prognostic value of multiple autoimmunity-associated parameters in patients with mNSCLC who were undergoing Nivolumab treatment. This retrospective study included 92 mNSCLC patients who received salvage therapy with Nivolumab (3 mg/kg, biweekly) between September 2015 and June 2018. Log-rank test, Mantel-Cox and McPherson analyses were conducted to correlate patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with different parameters including blood cell counts, serum inflammatory markers and auto-antibodies (AAbs). A median PFS and OS of 10 [inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.8-14.2] and 16 [IQR: 6.2-25.8] months, respectively, were recorded, which did not correlated with age, histology or the number of previous chemotherapy lines. Male gender, the type of therapeutic regimens received prior to Nivolumab, and the occurrence of irAEs were revealed to be positive predictors of prolonged survival (P<0.05). Early detection (within 30 days) of >1AAbs among anti-nuclear antigens (ANAs), extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) and anti-smooth cell antigens (ASMAs) correlated with prolonged PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.62; P=0.004] and OS [HR=0.28 (95% CI: 0.09-0.88), P=0.03], with the type of treatment received prior to nivolumab (P=0.007) and with the risk of irAEs (P=0.002). In conclusion, increased serum levels of ANA, ENA and/or ASMA are consequential to Nivolumab administration and are predictive of a positive outcome in mNSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Giannicola
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Graziella D'Arrigo
- Statistical Unit, National Council of Research (CNR), Grand Metropolitan Hospital-IFC, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Agostino
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Pietro Del Medico
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonia Consuelo Falzea
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Staropoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Del Giudice
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pastina
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Siena University Hospital, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Siena University Hospital, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marika Monoriti
- Autoimmunity Laboratory, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Graziella Calabrese
- Radiology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Statistical Unit, National Council of Research (CNR), Grand Metropolitan Hospital-IFC, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Siena University Hospital, I-53100 Siena, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Translational Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Translational Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli' Grand Metropolitan Hospital, I-89124 Reggio di Calabria, Italy
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Sousa F, Cruz A, Pinto IM, Sarmento B. Nanoparticles provide long-term stability of bevacizumab preserving its antiangiogenic activity. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:285-295. [PMID: 30036718 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab is one of the most common monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer due to its antiangiogenic role. However, the frequent parenteral administrations are not attractive for the patient adhesion to the therapy. Nanoencapsulation of bevacizumab might be a useful alternative to increase administration intervals, due to controlled release properties. To achieve a long-term bevacizumab stability into PLGA nanoparticles, we developed an optimized and validated lyophilization protocol. The co-encapsulation of trehalose and bevacizumab into PLGA nanoparticles, associated to their lyophilization with external 10% (w/v) of trehalose, allowed maintenance of the physical-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles and bevacizumab secondary and tertiary structure. More relevant, the antiangiogenic activity of bevacizumab was kept over 6 months of storage while formulated with this protocol. No significant differences were found upon 6 months of storage at 4 °C and 25 °C/60% HR, and minor differences were observed for storage at 40 °C/75% HR, bringing to our knowledge, the first successfully report for monoclonal antibody storage at room temperature, without losing its structural and functional features. Our results served as starting point to understand the monoclonal antibody-based nanoparticle behavior over time, creating an innovative approach for a long-term monoclonal antibody stability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nanoencapsulation of monoclonal antibodies has boost the interest of researchers as an alternative to the current antibody-based therapy, changing the route of administrations through controlled release of monoclonal antibodies. Despite good results have been achieved with nanoencapsulation process, no strategy has still found concerning a long-term stability of nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies. In this study, the aim was to find out a validated and optimized method that allows a long-term stability of nanoparticles and antibodies. Over 6 months of storage, an optimized nanosystem was considered stable for both nanoparticles and antibody structure, at 4 °C and 25 °C, resulting the first successfully report for monoclonal antibody storage at room temperature.
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7
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Zhu X, Dong D, Chen Z, Fang M, Zhang L, Song J, Yu D, Zang Y, Liu Z, Shi J, Tian J. Radiomic signature as a diagnostic factor for histologic subtype classification of non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:2772-2778. [PMID: 29450713 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To distinguish squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) based on a radiomic signature METHODS: This study involved 129 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (81 in the training cohort and 48 in the independent validation cohort). Approximately 485 features were extracted from a manually outlined tumor region. The LASSO logistic regression model selected the key features of a radiomic signature. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the radiomic signature in the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS Five features were selected to construct the radiomic signature for histologic subtype classification. The performance of the radiomic signature to distinguish between lung ADC and SCC in both training and validation cohorts was good, with an AUC of 0.905 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.838 to 0.971), sensitivity of 0.830, and specificity of 0.929. In the validation cohort, the radiomic signature showed an AUC of 0.893 (95% CI: 0.789 to 0.996), sensitivity of 0.828, and specificity of 0.900. CONCLUSIONS A unique radiomic signature was constructed for use as a diagnostic factor for discriminating lung ADC from SCC. Patients with NSCLC will benefit from the proposed radiomic signature. KEY POINTS • Machine learning can be used for auxiliary distinguish in lung cancer. • Radiomic signature can discriminate lung ADC from SCC. • Radiomics can help to achieve precision medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, XIDIAN University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Mathematics, Physics and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhengjiang, China.
| | - Di Dong
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhendong Chen
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Mathematics, Physics and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Mengjie Fang
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangdian Song
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zang
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, XIDIAN University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
- CAS Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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The Role of CC-Chemokines in the Regulation of Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111856. [PMID: 27834814 PMCID: PMC5133856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for survival and in the regenerative response to tissue injury or ischemia. However, in diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, inflammation can cause unregulated angiogenesis leading to excessive neovascularization, which exacerbates disease. Current anti-angiogenic therapies cause complete inhibition of both inflammatory and ischemia driven angiogenesis causing a range of side effects in patients. Specific inhibition of inflammation-driven angiogenesis would therefore be immensely valuable. Increasing evidence suggests that the CC-chemokine class promotes inflammation-driven angiogenesis, whilst there is little evidence for a role in ischemia-mediated angiogenesis. The differential regulation of angiogenesis by CC-chemokines suggests it may provide an alternate strategy to treat angiogenesis associated pathological diseases. The focus of this review is to highlight the significant role of the CC-chemokine class in inflammation, versus ischemia driven angiogenesis, and to discuss the related pathologies including atherosclerosis, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis. We examine the pros and cons of anti-angiogenic therapies currently in clinical trials. We also reveal novel therapeutic strategies that cause broad-spectrum inhibition of the CC-chemokine class that may have future potential for the specific inhibition of inflammatory angiogenesis.
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The antitumor effect of tanshinone IIA on anti-proliferation and decreasing VEGF/VEGFR2 expression on the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:554-63. [PMID: 26713270 PMCID: PMC4675810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of tanshinone IIA on the proliferation of the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and its possible mechanism on the VEGF/VEGFR signal pathway were investigated. The exploration of the interaction between tanshinone IIA and its target proteins provides a feasible platform for studying the anticancer mechanism of active components of herbs. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the proliferative activity of A549 cells treated with tanshinone IIA (2.5-80 μmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Flow cytometry was used for the detection of cell apoptosis and cell cycle perturbation. VEGF and VEGFR2 expression were studied by Western blotting. The binding mode of tanshinone IIA within the crystal structure of the VEGFR2 protein was evaluated with molecular docking analysis by use of the CDOCKER algorithm in Discovery Studio 2.1. The CCK-8 results showed that tanshinone IIA can significantly inhibit A549 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results showed that the apoptosis rate of tested group was higher than the vehicle control, and tanshinone IIA-treated cells accumulated at the S phase, which was higher than the vehicle control. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was decreased in Western blot. Finally, molecular docking analysis revealed that tanshinone IIA could be stably docked into the kinase domain of VEGFR2 protein with its unique modes to form H-bonds with Cys917 and π-π stacking interactions with Val848. In conclusion, tanshinone IIA may suppress A549 proliferation, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. This drug may suppress angiogenesis by targeting the protein kinase domains of VEGF/VEGFR2.
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Key Words
- ADM, adriamycin
- CAM, chorioallantoic membrane
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCM, flow cytometry
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IC50, 50% inhibitory concentration
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Molecular docking
- NS, normal saline
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Non-small cell lung cancer
- PI, propidium iodide
- PKB/AKT, protein kinase B
- RMSD, root-mean-square deviation
- Tan IIA, tanshinone IIA
- Tanshinone IIA
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGF/VEGFR signal pathway
- mOS, median overall survival
- tRR, tumor response rate
- vdW, van der Waals force
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10
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Assessment of bronchial and pulmonary blood supply in non-small cell lung cancer subtypes using computed tomography perfusion. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:179-86. [PMID: 25500892 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dual blood supply of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with tumor subtype, size, and stage, using computed tomography perfusion (CTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 54 patients (median age, 65 years; range, 42-79 years; 15 women, 39 men) with suspected lung cancer underwent a CTP scan of the lung tumor. Pulmonary and bronchial vasculature regions of interest were used to calculate independently CTP parameters (blood flow [BF], blood volume [BV], and mean transit time [MTT]) of the tumor tissue. The mean and maximum pulmonary and bronchial perfusion indexes (PImean and PImax) were calculated. The tumoral volume and the largest tumoral diameter were assessed. Differences in CTP parameters and indexes among NSCLC subtypes, tumor stages and tumor dimensions were analyzed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS According to biopsy, 37 patients had NSCLC (22 adenocarcinomas [ACs], 8 squamous cell carcinomas [SCCs], 7 large-cell carcinomas [LCC]). The mean bronchial BF/pulmonary BF, bronchial BV/pulmonary BV, and bronchial MTT/pulmonary MTT was 41.2 ± 30.0/36.9 ± 24.2 mL/100 mL/min, 11.4 ± 9.7/10.4 ± 9.4 mL/100 mL, and 11.4 ± 4.3/14.9 ± 4.4 seconds, respectively. In general, higher bronchial BF than pulmonary BF was observed in NSCLC (P = 0.014). Using a tumoral volume cutoff of 3.5 cm, a significant difference in pulmonary PImax was found (P = 0.028). There was a significantly higher mean pulmonary BF in LCCs and SCCs compared with ACs (P = 0.018 and P = 0.044, respectively), whereas the mean bronchial BF was only significantly higher in LCCs compared with ACs (P = 0.024). Correspondingly, the PImax was significantly higher in LCCs and SCCs than in ACs (P = 0.001 for both). Differences between bronchial and pulmonary PImean and PImax among T stages and Union Internationale Contre le Cancer stages were not statistically significant (P values ranging from 0.691 to 0.753). CONCLUSIONS The known dual blood supply of NSCLC, which depends on tumor size and histological subtype, is reflected in CTP parameters, with parameters depending both on tumor size and histological subtype. This has to be accounted for when analyzing NSCLC with CTP.
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Chhabra G, Eggert A, Puri N. Clinical Challenges to Current Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer. ARCHIVES IN CANCER RESEARCH 2015; 3. [PMID: 27280107 PMCID: PMC4894332 DOI: 10.21767/2254-6081.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is difficult to treat with a poor prognosis and a five year survival of 15%. Current molecularly targeted therapies are initially effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, they are plagued with difficulties including induced resistance and small therapeutically responsive populations. This mini review describes the mechanism of resistance to several molecularly targeted therapies which are currently being used to treat NSCLC. The major targets discussed are c-Met, EGFR, HER2, ALK, VEGFR, and BRAF. The first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resulted in resistance; however, second and third generation TKIs are being developed, which are generally more efficacious and have potential to treat NSCLC patients with resistance to first generation TKIs. Combination therapies could also be effective in preventing TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley Eggert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, USA
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Yazdani S, Miki Y, Tamaki K, Ono K, Iwabuchi E, Abe K, Suzuki T, Sato Y, Kondo T, Sasano H. Proliferation and maturation of intratumoral blood vessels in non–small cell lung cancer. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1586-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Piperdi B, Walsh WV, Bradley K, Zhou Z, Bathini V, Hanrahan-Boshes M, Hutchinson L, Perez-Soler R. Phase-I/II study of bortezomib in combination with carboplatin and bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:1032-40. [PMID: 22534815 PMCID: PMC3852685 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31824de2fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly bortezomib in combination with fixed standard doses of carboplatin and bevacizumab, and to estimate the efficacy (response rate and progression free survival [PFS]) and safety of combination therapy with carboplatin, bortezomib, and bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Patients were assigned to three dose levels of weekly bortezomib with the fixed standard doses of carboplatin AUC 6 and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks using a standard phase-I design. Bortezomib doses were 1.3 mg/m, 1.6 mg/m, and 1.8 mg/m weekly on day 1 and day 8 of every 3-week cycle. A maximum of six cycles was administered. Patients with complete, partial response or stable disease were continued on single-agent bevacizumab (15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) as maintenance therapy. In phase II, either level III or MTD was administered to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination in first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. RESULTS Sixteen patients were enrolled (three, four, and nine patients in dose level I, II, and III, respectively). There was no predefined dose limiting toxicity in cycle 1 in all 16 patients. The recommended phase-II dose is bortezomib 1.8 mg/m weekly on day 1 and day 8 in combination with carboplatin AUC 6 and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg on every 21-day cycle. Totally 9 patients were treated at the recommended phase-II dose level. The most common treatment related grade-3/4 toxicities during the subsequent cycles were thrombocytopenia (58%), lymphopenia (25%), neutropenia (12%), and diarrhea (25%). The grade-1/2 neuropathy was seen in 7 out of 16 patients (44%). The response rate, PFS, and overall survival in all patients were 37.5% (95%CI 13.8%-61.2%), 5.0 months (95%CI: 3.1-8.4), 9.9 months (95% CI: 8.2-14.1), and among the 9 patients in phase-II portion are 44% (95%CI 15.3%-77.3%), 5.5 months (95%CI: 3.1-2.2) and 10.9 months (95%CI: 8.0-14.1). CONCLUSION The recommended phase-II dose for this combination is: carboplatin AUC 6, bevacizumab 15 mg/kg on day 1 and bortezomib 1.8 mg/m on day 1 and day 8 on every 21-day cycle. The regimen was very well tolerated with interesting clinical activity in first-line treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Piperdi
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Yang L, You S, Kumar V, Zhang C, Cao Y. In vitro the behaviors of metastasis with suppression of VEGF in human bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:40. [PMID: 22549243 PMCID: PMC3511813 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF is believed to implicate poor prognosis in various cancers. The overexpression of VEGF may be an early step in the process of metastasis. METHODS ELISA was used to investigate the levels of VEGF, bFGF and IL8 in human bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line and its parental cell line, LNCaP and to determine the effect of bevacizumab on reducing the level of VEGF. Cell proliferation assay, invasion assay and in vitro angiogenesis assay were performed under the condition with bevacizumab or control IgG. RESULTS Human bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line expressed a higher level of VEGF than its parental primary prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The effect of bevacizumab is dose-dependent and time-dependent: 100 μg/mL of bevacizumab and 3-day treatment was more effective than low-dose and lesser-day treatment for decreasing the level of VEGF. Bevacizumab is able to suppress cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion in human bone metastatic C4-2B prostatic cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of VEGF can be inhibited by bevacizumab in human bone metastatic cancer cell line. The behaviors of metastasis involving proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion are suppressed by anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shuo You
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Vikas Kumar
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chaoyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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Xiao J, Wang Y, Peng J, Guo L, Hu J, Cao M, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Li X, Yang S, Yang H, Liang G. A synthetic compound, 1,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (B63), induces apoptosis and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1455-65. [PMID: 22189907 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis has become a novel signaling target for the development of therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, exhibits growth-suppressive activity against cancer cells via multitarget mechanisms. However, the low stability and poor pharmacokinetics significantly limit its clinical applications. Thus, we designed and synthesized a novel monocarbonyl analog of curcumin, 1,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one (B63). This compound exhibited a higher chemical stability in cultural medium and a better intracellular profile than curcumin. Treatment with B63 potently induced apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a dose-responsive manner, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity in normal lung fibroblast cells. Its antitumor effect was associated with the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway and, ultimately, the activation of the caspase cascades. However, curcumin at the same concentrations did not cause ER stress in H460 cells. Further, C/EBP homologous protein knockdown by siRNA attenuated B63-induced cell apoptosis, indicating that the apoptotic pathway is ER stress-dependent. In vivo, the volume and weight of the tumor were reduced significantly by pretreating the H460 tumor cells with B63 before implantation. Taken together, these insights on the novel compound B63, from both chemical and biological perspectives, may provide a novel anticancer candidate for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Xu Y, Chang E, Liu H, Jiang H, Gambhir SS, Cheng Z. Proof-of-concept study of monitoring cancer drug therapy with cerenkov luminescence imaging. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:312-317. [PMID: 22241909 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.094623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has emerged as a less expensive, easier-to-use, and higher-throughput alternative to other nuclear imaging modalities such as PET. It is expected that CLI will find many applications in biomedical research such as cancer detection, probe development, drug screening, and therapy monitoring. In this study, we explored the possibility of using CLI to monitor drug efficacy by comparisons against PET. To assess the performance of both modalities in therapy monitoring, 2 murine tumor models (large cell lung cancer cell line H460 and prostate cancer cell line PC3) were given bevacizumab versus vehicle treatments. Two common radiotracers, 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) and (18)F-FDG, were used to monitor bevacizumab treatment efficacy. METHODS One group of mice (n = 6) was implanted with H460 xenografts bilaterally in the shoulder region, divided into treatment and control groups (n = 3 each), injected with (18)F-FLT, and imaged with PET immediately followed by CLI. The other group of mice (n = 6) was implanted with PC3 xenografts in the same locations, divided into treatment and control groups (n = 3 each), injected with (18)F-FDG, and imaged by the same modalities. Bevacizumab treatment was performed by 2 injections of 20 mg/kg at days 0 and 2. RESULTS On (18)F-FLT scans, both CLI and PET revealed significantly decreased signals from H460 xenografts in treated mice from pretreatment to day 3. Moderately increased to unchanged signals were observed in untreated mice. On (18)F-FDG scans, both CLI and PET showed relatively unchanged signals from PC3 tumors in both treated and control groups. Quantifications of tumor signals of Cerenkov luminescence and PET images showed that the 2 modalities had excellent correlations (R(2) > 0.88 across all study groups). CONCLUSION CLI and PET exhibit excellent correlations across different tumor xenografts and radiotracers. This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating the use of CLI for monitoring cancer treatment. The findings warrant further exploration and optimization of CLI as an alternative to PET in preclinical therapeutic monitoring and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingding Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Edwin Chang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Han Jiang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Cheon YH, Kim MJ, Kang MG, Kim HJ, Lee SS, Kim CY, Jeon DH, Kim YE, Lee GW. Bowel perforation after erlotinib treatment in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:695-8. [PMID: 21623617 PMCID: PMC3104451 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.4.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erlotinib is accepted as a standard second-line chemotherapeutic agent in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who are refractory or resistant to first-line platinum- based chemotherapy. There has been no previous report of bowel perforation with or without gastrointestinal metastases related to erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The exact mechanism of bowel perforation in patients who received erlotinib remains unclear. In this report, we report the first case of enterocutaneous fistula in a female patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer 9 months, following medication with erlotinib as second-line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hong Cheon
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju 660-702, Korea.
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Oral complications of targeted cancer therapies: A narrative literature review. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:441-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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De Sanctis A, Taillade L, Vignot S, Novello S, Conforti R, Spano JP, Scagliotti GV, Khayat D. Pulmonary toxicity related to systemic treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2011; 117:3069-80. [PMID: 21283982 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Physicians who are responsible for the delivery of systemic treatment in lung cancer should be aware of the potential risk of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity (DIPT), because such toxicity may develop in the context of a multifactorial clinical condition. First, most patients with lung cancer may suffer from other non-neoplastic, smoking-related lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive lung disease, which may generate pathologic changes in lung parenchyma. In addition, lung cancer itself may worsen the respiratory function, inducing atelectasis and lymphangitic carcinomatosis. The superimposed iatrogenic damage may lead to respiratory failure and, sometimes, death. The risk of DIPT from chemotherapeutic agents has been widely examined in the past; and, currently, the potential for lung toxicity has been extended by the introduction of molecular targeted therapies. Because there are no univocal criteria with which to recognize DIPT, the diagnosis often is made by exclusion; consequently, it is hard to establish an early diagnosis. The objective of this review was to describe the major DIPTs associated with antineoplastic agents against nonsmall cell lung cancer to help physicians with this difficult diagnostic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice De Sanctis
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Lee F. Synergistic activity of ixabepilone plus other anticancer agents: preclinical and clinical evidence. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 3:11-25. [PMID: 21789152 PMCID: PMC3126033 DOI: 10.1177/1758834010386402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixabepilone demonstrates marked synergistic activity in combination with capecitabine, which served as the rationale for the evaluation of this combination in the clinic. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine is currently approved for patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) progressing after treatment with an anthracycline and a taxane; approval was based on the results of two phase III trials comparing the combination with capecitabine monotherapy. An array of preclinical studies in multiple solid tumor types show that ixabepilone demonstrates therapeutic synergy with targeted therapies including trastuzumab, bevacizumab, brivanib, and cetuximab; with immune-modulating agents such as anti-CTLA-4 antibody; and with other chemotherapy drugs such as irinotecan and epirubicin. Notably, experiments in several xenograft models show that ixabepilone provides greater antitumor synergism when combined with bevacizumab than either paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel combined with bevacizumab. These preclinical findings provide a foundation for ongoing phase II clinical trials using ixabepilone in combination with trastuzumab or lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer; with bevacizumab in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); with cetuximab in breast cancer, NSCLC, and pancreatic cancer; and with brivanib, dasatinib, sorafinib, sunitinib, or vorinostat in MBC. Preliminary results from several of these trials suggest that ixabepilone-based combinations have promising anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Lee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, K22-03, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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Treliński J, Wierzbowska A, Krawczyńska A, Sakowicz A, Pietrucha T, Smolewski P, Robak T, Chojnowski K. Plasma levels of angiogenic factors and circulating endothelial cells in essential thrombocythemia: correlation with cytoreductive therapy and JAK2-V617F mutational status. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1727-33. [PMID: 20615083 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in the biology of hematological malignancies including essential thrombocythemia (ET). Using cytofluorimetric analysis, the levels of angiogenic factors, as well as the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), were determined in 65 patients with ET, including 33 previously untreated and 32 receiving cytoreductive therapy. Correlations between markers of angiogenesis and JAK2-V617F mutational status were also assessed. We found significantly higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and markedly decreased levels of placental growth factor in untreated patients with ET with respect to control subjects. VEGF levels were significantly increased in patients with white blood count >8.7 (x 10(9)/L) vs. <8.7 (x 10(9)/L). Furthermore, the levels of VEGF in patients on hydroxyurea (HU) therapy were markedly lower than in untreated patients. It was also demonstrated that the number of all CEC subpopulations (resting, activated, apoptotic, and circulating precursor endothelial cells) was increased in patients with ET in relation to controls, regardless of the JAK2-V617F status, and was not affected by cytoreductive treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights the possible role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of ET. It provides evidence that the number of CECs is elevated independently of JAK2-V617F status and is not down-regulated by HU or anagrelide therapy. Our data suggest that VEGF levels are particularly elevated in patients with high leukocytosis. Further investigation should be undertaken to determine the possible role of antiangiogenic therapy in ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Treliński
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland.
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Soria J, Massard C, Le Chevalier T. Should progression-free survival be the primary measure of efficacy for advanced NSCLC therapy? Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2324-2332. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Loukeris K, Vazquez MF, Sica G, Wagner P, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Cham MD, Saqi A. Cytological cell blocks: Predictors of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subtypes. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 40:380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Ren X, Diao Y, Li H, Jiang H, Ding K, Pei D. A new diaryl urea compound, D181, induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 and M phases by targeting receptor tyrosine kinases and the microtubule skeleton. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:490-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wagstaff AJ, Keam SJ, McCormack PL. Bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy: in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. BioDrugs 2009; 23:187-96. [PMID: 19627170 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200923030-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
black triangle Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody that inhibits tumor growth and tumor metastases. VEGF stimulates angiogenesis in tumors, is involved in early metastatic processes, and is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). black triangle The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy significantly delayed disease progression in two large, randomized, phase III trials in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced, nonsquamous NSCLC. In the open-label E4599 trial, median overall survival duration was significantly extended by 2 months and median progression-free survival was significantly increased by 1.7 months when intravenous bevacizumab 15 mg/kg once every 3 weeks was added to first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel therapy compared with carboplatin/paclitaxel alone. black triangle In the double-blind AVAiL trial, median progression-free survival was significantly increased (by 0.6 and 0.4 months) by the addition of intravenous bevacizumab 7.5 or 15 mg/kg once every 3 weeks to first-line cisplatin/gemcitabine therapy compared with placebo plus cisplatin/gemcitabine. However, median overall survival duration was not significantly improved (13.6 and 13.4 months vs 13.1 months). black triangle Response rates in the E4599 and AVAiL trials were 30-35% in patients receiving bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy compared with 15% and 20% without bevacizumab. black triangle The safety and tolerability profile of bevacizumab-containing treatment regimens in patients with advanced NSCLC was generally manageable in the E4599 and AVAiL trials, and in two large, ongoing, trials (the open-label SAiL and the observational ARIES studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antona J Wagstaff
- Wolters Kluwer Health mid R: Adis, Auckland, New Zealand, an editorial office of Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Effect of yeast-derived beta-glucan in conjunction with bevacizumab for the treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma in subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. J Immunother 2009; 32:703-12. [PMID: 19561538 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181ad3fcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in combination with chemotherapy showed significant therapeutic efficacy in human lung cancer patients. However, increased adverse effects limit its clinical utilization. Previous studies demonstrated that polysaccharide beta-glucan significantly augments antitumor monoclonal antibody-mediated efficacy via stimulation of the innate effector neutrophil complement receptor 3. Here, we explored combined beta-glucan with bevacizumab therapy for human lung cancer using murine xenograft models. To that end, human lung adenocarcinomas were screened for membrane-bound VEGF expression. Both subcutaneous and orthotopic lung cancer xenograft models were used to evaluate the combination therapy. We found that PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells express membrane-bound VEGF both in vitro and in vivo. Bevacizumab bound to surface VEGF on PC14PE6 cells and activated complement. In the subcutaneous PC14PE6 tumor model, beta-glucan plus bevacizumab showed augmented efficacy in terms of tumor progression and long-term survival compared with bevacizumab-treated alone. These effects were accompanied with massive complement deposition and neutrophil infiltration within tumors. However, this effect was not observed in surface-bound VEGF-negative human lung tumors. Therapeutic efficacy of beta-glucan with bevacizumab was further demonstrated in an orthotopic lung cancer model. Thus, our data suggest that beta-glucan enhances bevacizumab-mediated efficacy and may provide therapeutic benefits for lung cancers with membrane-bound VEGF expression.
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Abstract
The incidence of esophageal and gastric malignancies has increased over the last decade. Historically, surgery has been considered the best treatment for these cancers. However, long-term survival after surgery is fair at best, because of the tendency of disease to recur locally and distantly. Presently, the management of these cancers involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This article discusses various treatment strategies that employ these modalities either alone or in combination, in an attempt to improve survival rates for patients who have gastroesophageal malignancies.
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Newman JR, Helman EE, Safavy S, Zhang W, Rosenthal EL. EMMPRIN expression is required for response to bevacizumab therapy in HNSCC xenografts. Cancer Lett 2008; 274:313-8. [PMID: 18990485 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The HNSCC cell line, FaDu was stably transfected with control vector (FaDu) or with plasmid expressing small interfering RNA against EMMPRIN (FaDu/siE). Tumor cells were treated with bevacizumab (0, 25, 50, and 75 ng/ml) in vitro, and then cell counts were performed at 72 h. For in vivo analysis, tumor cells were xenografted onto the flank of SCID mice, and were treated with 100 microg bevacizumab twice weekly for three weeks. Xenograft samples from the control and treatment groups were analyzed for microvessel density. Escalating doses of bevacizumab had no effect on the growth of tumor cells in vitro (P.or=0.086). However, tumor xenografts expressing EMMPRIN responded to bevacizumab treatment (P=0.0013), whereas the EMMPRIN knockdown cell line did not (P=0.7942). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that microvascular density was reduced in the treated FaDu tumors (P=0.005), but not in the FaDu/siE tumors (P=0.48). Currently there is limited information on biomarkers to predict response to bevacizumab. By demonstrating effectiveness of bevacizumab therapy in tumors that express EMMPRIN, but not in tumors with silenced EMMPRIN expression, this study suggests that EMMPRIN may serve as a biomarker for response to bevacizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Newman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BDB Suit 563, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 358294-0012, USA
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