2
|
Lorenzatti Hiles G, Cates AL, El-Sawy L, Day KC, Broses LJ, Han AL, Briggs HL, Emamdjomeh A, Chou A, Abel EV, Liebert M, Palmbos PL, Udager AM, Keller ET, Day ML. A surgical orthotopic approach for studying the invasive progression of human bladder cancer. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:738-755. [PMID: 30683938 PMCID: PMC6463286 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of bladder cancer into the sub-urothelial muscle and vasculature are key determinants leading to lethal metastatic progression. However, the molecular basis is poorly understood, partly because of the lack of uncomplicated and reliable models that recapitulate the biology of locally invasive disease. We developed a surgical grafting technique, characterized by a simple, rapid, reproducible and high-efficiency approach, to recapitulate the pathobiological events of human bladder cancer invasion in mice. This technique consists of a small laparotomy and direct implantation of human cancer cells into the bladder lumen. Unlike other protocols, it does not require debriding of the urothelial lining, injection into the bladder wall, specialized imaging equipment, bladder catheterization or costly surgical equipment. With minimal practice, the procedure can be executed in <10 min. Tumors develop with a high take rate, and most cell lines exhibit local invasion within 4 weeks of implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Lorenzatti Hiles
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelica L Cates
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Layla El-Sawy
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- European Egyptian Pharmaceutical Industries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kathleen C Day
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke J Broses
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Han
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah L Briggs
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amir Emamdjomeh
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Chou
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ethan V Abel
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Monica Liebert
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip L Palmbos
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Mark L Day
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee S, Jang J, Jeon H, Lee J, Yoo SM, Park J, Lee MS. Latent Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in bladder cancer cells promotes drug resistance by reducing reactive oxygen species. J Microbiol 2016; 54:782-788. [PMID: 27796928 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the major etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. Recent studies have indicated that KSHV can be detected at high frequency in patient-derived bladder cancer tissue and might be associated with the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary tract, and it has a high rate of recurrence. Because drug resistance is closely related to chemotherapy failure and cancer recurrence, we investigated whether KSHV infection is associated with drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. Some KSHV-infected bladder cancer cell lines showed resistance to an anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, possibly as a result of down-regulation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, drug resistance acquired from KSHV infection could partly be overcome by HDAC1 inhibitors. Taken together, the data suggest the possible role of KSHV in chemo-resistant bladder cancer, and indicate the therapeutic potential of HDAC1 inhibitors in drug-resistant bladder cancers associated with KSHV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyuk Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtaek Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang ZW, Xiao J, Luo W, Wang BH, Chen JM. Caffeine Suppresses Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer RT4 Cells in Response to Ionizing Radiation by Inhibiting Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated-Chk2-p53 Axis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2938-45. [PMID: 26521794 PMCID: PMC4756903 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.168065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Caffeine suppresses ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activities; ATM is the major kinase for DNA damage detection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on DNA damage responses in cells from the bladder cancer cell line RT4 those were exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Methods: Immunofluorescent staining was performed to investigate changes in the proteins involved in DNA damage responses with or without caffeine. A mouse xenograft model was used to study the effects of caffeine on the DNA damage responses. Western blotting was used to investigate the effects of caffeine pretreatment on the ATM-Chk2-p53-Puma axis, while real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assessed changes in messenger RNA levels of p53 and downstream targets responding to IR. Finally, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling assay. Western blotting and colony formation assay were used to measure the effects of caffeine on radiation-related apoptosis. All of the data were analyzed with a two-tailed Student's t-test. Results: Immunofluorescent staining showed that caffeine pretreatment profoundly suppressed the formation of γH2AXand p53-binding protein 1 foci in RT4 cells in response to irradiation. Cellular and animal experiments suggested that this suppression was mediated by suppression of the ATM-Chk2-p53-Puma DNA damage-signaling axis. RT-PCR indicated caffeine also attenuated transactivation of p53 and p53-inducible genes. The colony formation assay revealed that caffeine displayed radioprotective effects on RT4 cells in response to low-dose radiation compared to the radiosensitization effects on T24 cells. Conclusion: Caffeine may inhibit IR-related apoptosis of bladder cancer RT4 cells by suppressing activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53-Puma axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niedworok C, Röck K, Kretschmer I, Freudenberger T, Nagy N, Szarvas T, vom Dorp F, Reis H, Rübben H, Fischer JW. Inhibitory role of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80084. [PMID: 24223213 PMCID: PMC3819308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer. Despite surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment the prognosis is still poor once bladder cancer progresses to a muscle-invasive state. Discovery of new diagnostic markers and pathophysiologic effectors might help to contribute to novel diagnostic and therapeutic options. The extracellular matrix microenvironment shaped by the extracellular matrix critically affects tumor cell and stroma cell functions. Therefore, aim of the present study was to assess the possible implication of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan in progression of human urothelial bladder cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS For this purpose tumor biopsies of 76 bladder cancer patients with different tumor stages (pTa, pT1-T4) were investigated with respect to biglycan expression and correlated with a long-term (10 years) clinical follow-up. Interestingly, higher biglycan mRNA expression was associated with higher tumor stages and muscle invasiveness. In vitro knock-down of endogenous biglycan in human urothelial carcinoma cells (J82 cells) increased proliferation, whereas addition of recombinant biglycan and overexpression of biglycan inhibited tumor cell proliferation. In line with this growth-inhibitory effect of biglycan, transplantation of J82 cells after knock-down of biglycan resulted in significantly increased growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with two anti-proliferative, multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors-sunitinib and sorafenib-strongly upregulated biglycan expression. Collectively, the experimental data suggest that high biglycan expression is associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation. In accordance, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed higher 10-year survival in patients with high biglycan mRNA expression in tumor biopsies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present data suggest that biglycan is an endogenous inhibitor of bladder cancer cell proliferation that is upregulated in response to anti-proliferative tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In addition, high biglycan expression is associated with favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Niedworok
- Department of Urology, Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Kretschmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Freudenberger
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna General, Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank vom Dorp
- Department of Urology, Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Department of Pathology, Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Herbert Rübben
- Department of Urology, Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mallin K, David KA, Carroll PR, Milowsky MI, Nanus DM. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: racial and gender disparities in survival (1993 to 2002), stage and grade (1993 to 2007). J Urol 2011; 185:1631-6. [PMID: 21419456 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer survival is consistently lower in female and black patients than in male and white patients. We compared trends and differences according to clinical, demographic and facility characteristics by patient race and gender to identify the impact of these characteristics on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified bladder transitional cell carcinoma cases diagnosed in 1993 to 2007 from the National Cancer Data Base. Trends in grade and stage distribution between 1993 and 2007 were analyzed. Survival differences by race and gender were compared using 5-year relative survival and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS There were 310,257 white male, 102,345 white female, 13,313 black male and 7,439 black female patients. Black and female patients had a higher proportion of muscle invasive tumors than white and male patients, and black patients had a larger proportion of higher grade tumors. The incidence of stage 0a and of high grade tumors significantly increased with time. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower HR in white females than in white males (HR 0.9) but a significantly higher HR in black males and females (HR 1.2). The higher mortality risk in black males and females was primarily limited to late stage disease (HR 1.3). CONCLUSIONS Survival differences by race and gender are partially explained by differences in tumor and demographic characteristics in black males and females, and fully explained by these characteristics in white females. Treatment delays and under treatment due to comorbid conditions, age and other factors may also contribute to these disparities.
Collapse
|