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Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:787-810. [PMID: 28706220 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by a diverse range of ligands, from large proteins and proteases to small peptides, metabolites, neurotransmitters and ions. They are expressed on all cells in the body and have key roles in physiology and homeostasis. As such, GPCRs are one of the most important target classes for therapeutic drug discovery. The development of drugs targeting GPCRs has therapeutic value across a wide range of diseases, including cancer, immune and inflammatory disorders as well as neurological and metabolic diseases. The progress made by targeting GPCRs with antibody-based therapeutics, as well as technical hurdles to overcome, are presented and discussed in this Review. Antibody therapeutics targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), CCR5 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are used as illustrative clinical case studies.
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Diaz C, Labit-Le Bouteiller C, Yvon S, Cambon-Kernëis A, Roasio A, Jamme MF, Aries A, Feuillerat C, Perret E, Guette F, Dieu P, Miloux B, Albène D, Hasel N, Kaghad M, Ferran E, Lupker J, Ferrara P. A Strategy Combining Differential Low-Throughput Screening and Virtual Screening (DLS-VS) Accelerating the Discovery of new Modulators for the Orphan GPR34 Receptor. Mol Inform 2013; 32:213-29. [PMID: 27481282 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The DLS-VS strategy was developed as an integrated method for identifying chemical modulators for orphan GPCRs. It combines differential low-throughput screening (DLS) and virtual screening (VS). The two cascaded techniques offer complementary advantages and allow the experimental testing of a minimal number of compounds. First, DLS identifies modulators specific for the considered receptor among a set of receptors, through the screening of a small library with diverse chemical compounds. Then, an active molecular model of the receptor is built by homology to a validated template, and it is progressively refined by rotamers modification for key side-chains, by VS of the already screened library, and by iterative selection of the model generating the best enrichment. The refined active model is finally used for the VS of a large chemical library and the selection of a small set of compounds for experimental testing. Applied to the orphan receptor GPR34, the DLS-VS strategy combined the experimental screening of 20 000 compounds and the virtual screening of 1 250 000 compounds. It identified one agonist and eight inverse agonists, showing a high chemical diversity. We describe the method. The strategy can be applied to other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Diaz
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156.
| | - Christine Labit-Le Bouteiller
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Stéphane Yvon
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Aimée Cambon-Kernëis
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Annette Roasio
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Marie-Françoise Jamme
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Amélie Aries
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Claude Feuillerat
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Eric Perret
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Fréderique Guette
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Pierre Dieu
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Brigitte Miloux
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Danielle Albène
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Nathalie Hasel
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Mourad Kaghad
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Edgardo Ferran
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Jan Lupker
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Pascual Ferrara
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
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Allen JA, Roth BL. Strategies to discover unexpected targets for drugs active at G protein-coupled receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:117-44. [PMID: 20868273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of signaling molecules comprising approximately 2% of the human genome; this receptor family remains a central focus in basic pharmacology studies and drug discovery efforts. Detailed studies of drug action at GPCRs over the past decade have revealed existing and novel ligands that exhibit polypharmacology-that is, drugs with activity at more than one receptor target for which they were designed. These "off-target" drug actions can be a liability that causes adverse side effects; however, in several cases, drugs with less selectivity demonstrate better clinical efficacy. Here we review physical screening and cheminformatic approaches that define drug activity at the GPCR receptorome. In many cases, such profiling has revealed unexpected targets that explain therapeutic actions as well as off-targets underlying drug side effects. Such drug-receptor profiling has also provided new insights into mechanisms of action of existing drugs and has suggested directions for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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