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Avila S, Muñoz-García L, Vázquez-Leyva S, Salinas-Jazmín N, Medina-Rivero E, Pavón L, Mellado-Sánchez G, Chacón-Salinas R, Estrada-Parra S, Vallejo-Castillo L, Pérez-Tapia SM. Transferon™, a peptide mixture with immunomodulatory properties is not immunogenic when administered with various adjuvants. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 14:169-177. [PMID: 28707490 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1346009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferon, a human dialyzable leukocyte extract (hDLE), is a biotherapeutic that comprises a complex mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides (< 10 kDa) and is used to treat diseases with an inflammatory component. Some biotherapeutics, including those composed of peptides, can induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that block or diminish their therapeutic effect. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated peptide-derived drug immunogenicity. In this study, the immunogenicity of Transferon was examined in a murine model during an immunization scheme using the following adjuvants: Al(OH)3, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), or Titermax Gold. The inoculation scheme entailed three routes of administration (intraperitoneal, Day 1; subcutaneous, Day 7; and intramuscular, Day 14) using 200 μg Transferon/inoculation. Serum samples were collected on Day 21. Total IgG levels were quantitated by affinity chromatography, and specific antibodies against components of Transferon were analyzed by dot-blot and ELISA. Ovalbumin (OVA, 44 kDa) and peptides from hydrolyzed collagen (PFHC, < 17 kDa) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively, in the same inoculation scheme and analyses for Transferon. OVA, PFHC, and Transferon increased total IgG concentrations in mice. However, only IgG antibodies against OVA were detected. Based on the results, it is concluded that Transferon does not induce generation of specific antibodies against its components in this model, regardless of adjuvant and route of administration. These results support the safety of Transferon by confirming its inability to induce ADA in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Avila
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leslie Muñoz-García
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- b Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología , Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,d Departamento de Farmacología , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico.,e Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Médica y Biotecnológica (UDIMEB) , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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Flower DR, Perrie Y. Identification of Candidate Vaccine Antigens In Silico. IMMUNOMIC DISCOVERY OF ADJUVANTS AND CANDIDATE SUBUNIT VACCINES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7120937 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5070-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of immunogenic whole-protein antigens is fundamental to the successful discovery of candidate subunit vaccines and their rapid, effective, and efficient transformation into clinically useful, commercially successful vaccine formulations. In the wider context of the experimental discovery of vaccine antigens, with particular reference to reverse vaccinology, this chapter adumbrates the principal computational approaches currently deployed in the hunt for novel antigens: genome-level prediction of antigens, antigen identification through the use of protein sequence alignment-based approaches, antigen detection through the use of subcellular location prediction, and the use of alignment-independent approaches to antigen discovery. Reference is also made to the recent emergence of various expert systems for protein antigen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R. Flower
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Aston, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET United Kingdom
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Khafagy ES, Morishita M. Oral biodrug delivery using cell-penetrating peptide. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:531-9. [PMID: 22245080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the novel biotherapeutic agents such as peptides and proteins have been contributed to the treatment of several diseases. However, their oral absorption is significantly limited due to their poor delivery through the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, the feasible approaches are needed for improving the oral bioavailability of biodrugs. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as HIV-1 Tat, penetratin and oligoarginine are considered as a useful tool for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic macromolecules. Hence, it was expected that the ability of CPPs may be applicable to enhance the absorption of biodrugs through intestinal epithelial membrane. CPPs are likely to become powerful tools for overcoming the low permeability of therapeutic peptides and proteins through the intestinal membrane, the major barrier to their oral delivery. Further advantage of this promising strategy is that this successful intestinal absorption could be achieved by more convenient methodology, coadministration of CPP with drugs via intermolecular interaction among them. Hereafter, the further establishment of delivery system based on CPPs is required to realize the development of the oral forms of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The aim here is to introduce our vision focusing on oral biodrug delivery by the use of CPPs as potential peptide carrier in order to provide new information in the design and development of new oral delivery systems for novel biotherapeutics.
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Immunogenicity of protein aggregates--concerns and realities. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:1-11. [PMID: 22546296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the key challenges in the development of protein biotherapeutics. It is a critical product quality issue as well as a potential safety concern due to the increased immunogenicity potential of these aggregates. The overwhelming safety concern has led to an increased development effort and regulatory scrutiny in recent years. The main purposes of this review are to examine the literature data on the relationship between protein aggregates and immunogenicity, to highlight the linkage and existing inconsistencies/uncertainties, and to propose directions for future investigations/development.
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Ahmed SS, Black S, Ulmer J. New developments and concepts related to biomarker application to vaccines. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:233-40. [PMID: 21895991 PMCID: PMC3815783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview will provide a perspective on new developments and concepts related to biomarker applications for vaccines. In the context of preventive vaccines, biomarkers have the potential to predict adverse events in select subjects due to differences in genetic make-up/underlying medical conditions or to predict effectiveness (good versus poor response). When expanding them to therapeutic vaccines, their utility in identification of patients most likely to respond favourably (or avoid potentially negative effects of treatment) becomes self-explanatory. Despite the progress made so far on dissection of various pathways of biological significance in humans, there is still plenty to unravel about the mysteries related to the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the human host response. This review will provide a focused overview of new concepts and developments in the field of vaccine biomarkers including (i) vaccine-dependent signatures predicting subject response and safety, (ii) predicting therapeutic vaccine efficacy in chronic diseases, (iii) exploring the genetic make-up of the host that may modulate subject-specific adverse events or affect the quality of immune responses, and (iv) the topic of volunteer stratification as a result of biomarker screening (e.g. for therapeutic vaccines but also potentially for preventive vaccines) or as a reflection of an effort to compare select groups (e.g. vaccinated subjects versus patients recovering from infection) to enable the discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers for preventive vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sohail Ahmed
- Global Clinical Sciences, Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Brummitt RK, Nesta DP, Chang L, Chase SF, Laue TM, Roberts CJ. Nonnative Aggregation of an IgG1 Antibody in Acidic Conditions: Part 1. Unfolding, Colloidal Interactions, and Formation of High-Molecular-Weight Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2087-103. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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