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Blarasin M, Cabrera A, Matiatos I, Becher Quinodóz F, Giuliano Albo J, Lutri V, Matteoda E, Panarello H. Comparative evaluation of urban versus agricultural nitrate sources and sinks in an unconfined aquifer by isotopic and multivariate analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140374. [PMID: 32886971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) is one of the most widespread contaminants in groundwater primarily due to agricultural activities utilizing N-containing fertilizers and the presence of animal wastes. Hydrochemical and nitrate isotope data (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) from the unconfined aquifer in the urban area of Del Campillo city and its surrounding rural area with different land-use types, i.e. individual sanitation systems, agricultural areas and livestock breeding facilities, were generated to investigate the impact of nitrogen pollution sources and to assess N-biogeochemical processes. The Principal Component Analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic data were used to compare the factors that control the groundwater quality and particularly the nitrate concentrations in the urban and the rural area. The results showed that nitrate pollution in the urban area of Del Campillo city originated mainly from the on-site sanitation systems and/or animal domestic wastes, whereas in the rural area nitrate pollution was mostly attributed to a combination of urea-based fertilizers and manure from livestock breeding activities. The aquifer is under oxic to suboxic conditions in the rural area and becomes suboxic in the urban area where the higher supply of organic matter consumes oxygen. As a result, denitrification was more significant in the urban area compared to the rural area, as evidenced by the higher N and O isotope enrichment factor (ε). This work will be used to benchmark the current nitrate contamination status in the region and evaluate effective planning of environmental measures and remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Blarasin
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Cabrera
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fátima Becher Quinodóz
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jesica Giuliano Albo
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Lutri
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Edel Matteoda
- Dpto. de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Panarello
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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Picot A, Cobo-Díaz JF, Pawtowski A, Donot C, Legrand F, Le Floch G, Déniel F. Water Microbiota in Greenhouses With Soilless Cultures of Tomato by Metabarcoding and Culture-Dependent Approaches. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1354. [PMID: 32655533 PMCID: PMC7324630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Water supply, in hydroponic greenhouses, can originate from groundwater, surface water or rainwater stored in open tanks. To limit contamination of water supply, several methods have been used including active and passive methods such as slow filtration techniques which consist in passing the nutrient solutions slowly through filters. The purpose of this study was to describe the microbiota associated with water sampled before entering greenhouses and in recirculating nutrient solutions, either before or after running through a biofiltration system. Metabarcoding analysis revealed that water ecosystems were unique niches for diverse bacterial and fungal communities. Microbial composition varied greatly across storage conditions (groundwater vs. rainwater) and among greenhouses, suggesting that water microbiota is site- and storage-condition-specific. Nonetheless, we found that microbiota structure in open-stored water (either coming from ground or rain) shared a higher degree of similarity than with water directly pumped out of the ground. Open-stored waters were characterized by predominant taxa, notably those involved in aerobic chemoheterotrophy, such as the Sphingomonadaceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae families. Water directly collected from the ground showed the lowest levels of fungal and bacterial richness while also characterized by a significantly higher level of bacterial equitability and an enrichment in taxa involved in N-cycling. Slow filtration allowed reducing cultivable bacterial loads as well Pythium spp. and Fusarium oxysporum propagules, based on culture-dependent results, without compromising microbiota richness and diversity. Although compositional structure was similar following biofiltration, significant differences in bacterial (but not fungal) taxa abundance were reported, with primarily an enrichment of Chelativorans, Mycobacterium, and Gemmata as well as a depletion of Rhodobacter, Aminobacter, and Ellin329. The exact mechanisms by which such taxa would be favored at the expense of other remained unknown. Besides the accurate description of microbiota found in water at both taxonomical and predicted functional levels, our study allowed comparing the water microbiota between various storage system and following biofiltration. Although preliminary, our results provide a first insight into the potential microbial diversity, which can increase ecosystem functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Picot
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Audrey Pawtowski
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Donot
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Legrand
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Gaétan Le Floch
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Franck Déniel
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
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da Silva CR, Sanches MS, Macedo KH, Dambrozio AML, da Rocha SPD, Navarro A, Pelayo JS. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from groundwater in rural areas in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:597-608. [PMID: 31313997 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-borne diseases like diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC)-induced gastroenteritis are major public health problems in developing countries. In this study, the microbiological quality of water from mines and shallow wells was analyzed for human consumption. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of DEC strains was performed. A total of 210 water samples was analyzed, of which 153 (72.9%) contained total coliforms and 96 (45.7%) E. coli. Of the E. coli isolates, 27 (28.1%) contained DEC genes. The DEC isolates included 48.1% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), 29.6% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 14.9% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 3.7% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and 3.7% enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). All the STECs had cytotoxic effects on Vero cells and 14.8% of the DEC isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. All DEC formed biofilms and 92.6% adhered to HEp-2 cells with a prevalence of aggregative adhesion (74%). We identified 25 different serotypes. One EPEC isolate was serotype O44037:H7, reported for the first time in Brazil. Phylogenetically, 63% of the strains belonged to group B1. The analyzed waters were potential reservoirs for DEC and could act as a source for infection of humans. Preventive measures are needed to avoid such contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Matheus Silva Sanches
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Kawana Hiromori Macedo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Angélica Marim Lopes Dambrozio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato da Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Armando Navarro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
| | - Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil E-mail:
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