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Hashimoto A, Suzuki H, Oonaka K. Prevalence of cpe-positive Clostridium perfringens in surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes and its significance as a potential source of food poisoning. Anaerobe 2023; 79:102687. [PMID: 36549463 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes in Japan to determine the association between foodborne infection and the circulation of Clostridium perfringens through vegetables, soil, and environments. METHODS C. perfringens spores were isolated from 30 surface-attached soil samples of potatoes obtained from six regions in Japan. We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to detect the presence of six toxin and plasmid-related genes in the isolates. RESULTS Sulfite-reducing clostridial spores were detected in 28 (93%) of 30 potato samples, and toxin gene PCR was performed using 613 isolates. The C. perfringens α toxin gene (cpa) was detected in 288 isolates (288/613; 47%) from 25 potato samples (83%), and these isolates were presumed to be the strains of C. perfringens. The toxin types of C. perfringens were classified into type A, in which 73% of isolates had only cpa, followed by type F in 20%, type C in 6%, and type E in 0.003% (1 isolate). The enterotoxin gene (cpe) related to food poisoning was detected in 64 isolates from 9 potato samples (3%). Of these, 59 isolates had cpa and cpe, whereas five had cpa, C. perfringens β toxin gene, and cpe. All tested cpe-positive isolates had plasmid-type cpe. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of culturable cpe-positive C. perfringens from the surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes indicates that potatoes are a potential source of foodborne transmission of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hashimoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioresource, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562, Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara City, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Research and Development Center, Suzuken Co., Ltd., 5-28-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oonaka
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
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Bohórquez-Herrera J, Abad Matías ID, Gutiérrez Castañeda CG. Impact of different environmental pollution processes on bacterial key-indicators in tropical rivers: scoping review. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad098. [PMID: 37766415 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are an essential resource for human use and natural populations, but they are exposed to different sources of man-made pollution. This study analyses how different environmental pollution processes influence the structure of bacterial communities in tropical rivers. A scoping review was performed to characterize the bacterial communities in freshwater ecosystems in tropical regions that have been reported to be associated with pollution of different kinds. The statistical analyses allowed us to categorize the genera found into three large groups (pollution generalists, middle types, and pollution specialists) according to the types of pollutants with which they were associated. The results show that Escherichia has a greater association with fecal contamination, while Enterococcus is more associated with domestic wastewater and organic and synthetic chemicals. The present study proposes Streptomyces as a potential indicator of waters with microbial contamination, as well as some other genera as possible indicators of waters with heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Bohórquez-Herrera
- Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Cra. 50 #24-120, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar, Provincia de Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Isaac David Abad Matías
- Inversiones JAFA SAS, Carrera 78 #79B-111, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Clara Gilma Gutiérrez Castañeda
- Programa de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Km. 7 Vía al Mar, Puerto Colombia, Atlantico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Atlántico, Colombia
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Gerken T, Wiegner TN, Economy LM. A comparison of soil Staphylococcus aureus and fecal indicator bacteria concentrations across land uses in a Hawaiian watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:916-929. [PMID: 35653014 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens) concentrations increase in Hawaiian streams and estuaries following storms and pose a health threat to recreational water users. To reduce this risk, watershed bacteria sources need to be identified for management actions. This study's goals were to identify soil bacteria sources among different land uses and to determine if their concentrations were associated with different soil properties. Soil samples were collected three times on 24 d between October 2017 and November 2018 at urban, agriculture, and native-forest land uses in the Hilo Bay watershed, Hawai'i Island, Hawai'i. Soil bacteria concentrations were quantified using culturing techniques with selective media. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and FIB were present in soil from all land uses. Bacteria concentrations were highest in urban soils and lowest in native-forest soils, with up to three orders of magnitude differences among land uses. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and FIB soil concentrations were positively correlated with each other and with soil temperature and pH, but inversely correlated with soil moisture and organic matter content. Our results demonstrate that soils are a watershed bacteria source and that some soil properties affect their concentrations. Identifying these sources is critical for implementing management actions to reduce pathogen loads to estuaries and transmission to recreational water users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Gerken
- Geography and Environmental Science Dep., Univ. of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- Dep. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Univ. of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tracy N Wiegner
- Marine Science Dep., Univ. of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Louise M Economy
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, Univ. of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
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Mushi D, Kebede G, Linke RB, Lakew A, Hayes DS, Graf W, Farnleitner AH. Microbial faecal pollution of river water in a watershed of tropical Ethiopian highlands is driven by diffuse pollution sources. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:575-591. [PMID: 34371495 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropical communities in the developing world depend heavily on riverine systems for their socioeconomic development. However, these resources are poorly protected from diffuse pollution, and there is a lack of quantitative information regarding the microbial pollution characteristics of riverine water, despite frequently reported gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of our study was to apply faecal taxation (i.e., faecal pellet counting in representative test areas to estimate the potential availability of diffuse pollution sources) in combination with a detailed microbiological faecal pollution analysis in a riverine environment to elucidate the importance of diffuse pollution. To realize this approach, ambient faecal pellets, a multiparametric data set for standard faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB), including Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens spores and enterococci from catchment soil and river water, and a number of riverine water physicochemical variables were analysed during a one-year cycle. We demonstrated that the abundance of ambient faecal pellets, which were consistently counted at reference sites in the catchment, was associated with faecal pollution in the river water. Water SFIB, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, conductivity and total suspended solids were strongly linked with the abundance of ambient faecal pellets in the river catchment, as demonstrated by principal component analysis (PCA). Elevated concentrations of SFIB in the riverine water in the absence of rainfall also suggested the direct input of faecal bacteria into the riverine water by livestock (e.g., during watering) and humans (e.g., during bathing). Statistical analyses further revealed that the microbiological water quality of the investigated riverine water was not influenced by SFIB potentially occurring in the soil. This study demonstrates the importance of diffuse faecal pollution sources as major drivers of the microbiological quality of riverine water in the Ethiopian highlands. In addition, the new successfully applied integrated approach could be very useful for developing predictive models, which would aid in forecasting riverine microbiological quality in tropical developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Mushi
- Department of Biosciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania E-mail: ; Douglas Mushi and Geda Kebede contributed equally to this article
| | - Geda Kebede
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ambo University, P.O. Box 95, Ambo, Ethiopia; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; Douglas Mushi and Geda Kebede contributed equally to this article
| | - Rita B Linke
- Research Group of Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1A/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aschalew Lakew
- National Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O. Box 64, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel S Hayes
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Research Group of Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1A/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Research Division Water Quality and Health, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
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