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Al-Harby NF, El Batouti M, Elewa MM. A Comparative Analysis of Pervaporation and Membrane Distillation Techniques for Desalination Utilising the Sweeping Air Methodology with Novel and Economical Pervaporation Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4237. [PMID: 37959917 PMCID: PMC10648555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used the sweeping air approach to conduct a comparative analysis of pervaporation (PV) and membrane distillation (MD) in the context of desalinating saline/hypersaline water. An experimental setup of the sweeping air arrangement was designed and built at a laboratory size to conduct the research. The desalination process using PV used innovatively designed cellulose acetate (CA) membranes specifically adapted for this purpose. Conversely, in the studies involving MD, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were utilised. CA membranes were fabricated in our laboratory using the phase inversion approach. The physicochemical characteristics of the membranes were assessed using many methodologies, including FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, and water uptake analysis. This facilitated a more comprehensive comprehension of the impact of the alkaline treatment on these features. The variables that were examined included the kind of membrane, the pore size of the PTFE membrane, the composition of the casting solution of CA, the concentration of the feed solution, the temperature of the feed, and the temperature of the condenser cooling water. The morphologies of the membranes were examined using SEM. The study's findings indicated that the use of MD resulted in a greater flow and a remarkable percentage of salt rejection (% SR). Furthermore, it was observed that the flux was positively correlated with the feed temperature, while it exhibited an inverse relationship with the cooling water temperature. Moreover, it was observed that the impact of the pore size of the PTFE membrane on the desalination process was found to be minimal. The most optimal outcomes obtained were 13.35 kg/m2 h with a percentage salt rejection (% SR) of 99.86, and 17.96 kg/m2 h with a % SR of 99.83 at a temperature of 70 °C, while using MD and PV technologies, respectively. Furthermore, both methods demonstrated the capability to desalinate very salty solutions with a salinity level of up to 160 g/L, thereby yielding potable water in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf F. Al-Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervette El Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt;
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2
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Elewa MM, El Batouti M, Al-Harby NF. A Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Novel Fabricated Ion Exchange Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4872. [PMID: 37445186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Another technique for desalination, known as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), has been investigated as an alternative. This approach has the potential to lower the voltage that is required, in addition to improving the ability to renew the electrodes. In this study, the desalination effectiveness of capacitive deionization (CDI) was compared to that of MCDI, employing newly produced cellulose acetate ion exchange membranes (IEMs), which were utilized for the very first time in MCDI. As expected, the salt adsorption and charge efficiency of MCDI were shown to be higher than those of CDI. Despite this, the unique electrosorption behavior of the former reveals that ion transport via the IEMs is a crucial rate-controlling step in the desalination process. We monitored the concentration of salt in the CDI and MCDI effluent streams, but we also evaluated the pH of the effluent stream in each of these systems and investigated the factors that may have caused these shifts. The significant change in pH that takes place during one adsorption and desorption cycle in CDI (pH range: 2.3-11.6) may cause problems in feed water that already contains components that are prone to scaling. In the case of MCDI, the fall in pH was only slightly more noticeable. Based on these findings, it appears that CDI and MCDI are promising new desalination techniques that has the potential to be more ecologically friendly and efficient than conventional methods of desalination. MCDI has some advantages over CDI in its higher salt removal efficiency, faster regeneration, and longer lifetime, but it is also more expensive and complex. The best choice for a particular application will depend on the specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Mervette El Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Nouf F Al-Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Eljaddi T, Favre E, Roizard D. Design and Preparation a New Composite Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Membrane for Desalination by Pervaporation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:599. [PMID: 37367803 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, experimental and theoretical approaches were used to design a new composite membrane for desalination by pervaporation. The theoretical approaches demonstrate the possibility to reach high mass transfer coefficients quite close to those obtained with conventional porous membranes if two conditions are verified: (i) a dense layer with a low thickness and (ii) a support with a high-water permeability. For this purpose, several membranes with a cellulose triacetate (CTA) polymer were prepared and compared with a hydrophobic membrane prepared in a previous study. The composite membranes were tested for several feed conditions, i.e., pure water, brine and saline water containing a surfactant. The results show that, whatever the tested feed, no wetting occurred during several hours of desalination tests. In addition, a steady flux was obtained together with a very high salt rejection (close to 100%) for the CTA membranes. Lastly, the CTA composite membrane was tested with real seawater without any pretreatment. It was shown that the salt rejection was still very high (close to 99.5%) and that no wetting could be detected for several hours. This investigation opens a new direction to prepare specific and sustainable membranes for desalination by pervaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Eljaddi
- LRGP-Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Eric Favre
- LRGP-Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Denis Roizard
- LRGP-Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 54001 Nancy, France
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4
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Badawy Elsheniti M, Ibrahim A, Elsamni O, Elewa M. Experimental and Economic Investigation of Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation/Pervaporation Modules using Novel Pilot Scale Device. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Al Harby NF, El-Batouti M, Elewa MM. Prospects of Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Purification and Scalability and their Health and Environmental Impacts: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203637. [PMID: 36296828 PMCID: PMC9610978 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a major worldwide issue. Filtration using genuine polymeric membranes demonstrates excellent pollutant separation capabilities; however, polymeric membranes have restricted uses. Nanocomposite membranes, which are produced by integrating nanofillers into polymeric membrane matrices, may increase filtration. Carbon-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have received the greatest attention. We evaluate the antifouling and permeability performance of nanocomposite membranes and their physical and chemical characteristics and compare nanocomposite membranes to bare membranes. Because of the antibacterial characteristics of nanoparticles and the decreased roughness of the membrane, nanocomposite membranes often have greater antifouling properties. They also have better permeability because of the increased porosity and narrower pore size distribution caused by nanofillers. The concentration of nanofillers affects membrane performance, and the appropriate concentration is determined by both the nanoparticles' characteristics and the membrane's composition. Higher nanofiller concentrations than the recommended value result in deficient performance owing to nanoparticle aggregation. Despite substantial studies into nanocomposite membrane manufacturing, most past efforts have been restricted to the laboratory scale, and the long-term membrane durability after nanofiller leakage has not been thoroughly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf F. Al Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervette El-Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
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Genduso G, Missinne A, Ali Z, Ogieglo W, Van der Bruggen B, Pinnau I. Hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane thin-film composite membranes for the efficient pervaporative desalination of seawater and brines. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Naim MM, Batouti ME, Elewa MM. Novel heterogeneous cellulose-based ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Thomas ER, Jain A, Mann SC, Yang Y, Green MD, Walker WS, Perreault F, Lind ML, Verduzco R. Freestanding self-assembled sulfonated pentablock terpolymer membranes for high flux pervaporation desalination. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ultrathin poly (vinyl alcohol)/MXene nanofilm composite membrane with facile intrusion-free construction for pervaporative separations. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prihatiningtyas I, Hartanto Y, Ballesteros MSR, Van der Bruggen B. Cellulose triacetate/
LUDOX‐SiO
2
nanocomposite for synthesis of pervaporation desalination membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indah Prihatiningtyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering Mulawarman University Samarinda Indonesia
| | - Yusak Hartanto
- Materials and Process Engineering (iMMC‐IMAP) UC Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | | | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
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12
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Fabrication, Properties, Performances, and Separation Application of Polymeric Pervaporation Membranes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071466. [PMID: 32629862 PMCID: PMC7408584 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane separation technologies have attracted great attentions in chemical engineering, food science, analytical science, and environmental science. Compared to traditional membrane separation techniques like reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), electrodialysis (ED) and others, pervaporation (PV)-based membrane separation shows not only mutual advantages such as small floor area, simplicity, and flexibility, but also unique characteristics including low cost as well as high energy and separation efficiency. Recently, different polymer, ceramic and composite membranes have shown promising separation applications through the PV-based techniques. To show the importance of PV for membrane separation applications, we present recent advances in the fabrication, properties and performances of polymeric membranes for PV separation of various chemicals in petrochemical, desalination, medicine, food, environmental protection, and other industrial fields. To promote the easy understanding of readers, the preparation methods and the PV separation mechanisms of various polymer membranes are introduced and discussed in detail. This work will be helpful for developing novel functional polymer-based membranes and facile techniques to promote the applications of PV techniques in different fields.
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Pervaporative desalination of concentrated brine solution employing crosslinked PVA/silicate nanoclay membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Selim A, Toth AJ, Haaz E, Fozer D, Szanyi A, Hegyesi N, Mizsey P. Preparation and characterization of PVA/GA/Laponite membranes to enhance pervaporation desalination performance. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singha NR, Karmakar M, Chattopadhyay PK, Roy S, Deb M, Mondal H, Mahapatra M, Dutta A, Mitra M, Roy JSD. Structures, Properties, and Performances-Relationships of Polymeric Membranes for Pervaporative Desalination. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E58. [PMID: 31052381 PMCID: PMC6572519 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
For the fulfilment of increasing global demand and associated challenges related to the supply of clean-and-safe water, PV has been considered as one of the most attractive and promising areas in desalinating salty-water of varied salinities. In pervaporative desalination, the sustainability, endurance, and structural features of membrane, along with operating parameters, play the dominant roles and impart paramount impact in governing the overall PV efficiency. Indeed, polymeric- and organic-membranes suffer from several drawbacks, including inferior structural stability and durability, whereas the fabrication of purely inorganic membranes is complicated and costly. Therefore, recent development on the high-performance and cost-friendly PV membrane is mostly concentrated on synthesizing composite- and NCP-membranes possessing the advantages of both organic- and inorganic-membranes. This review reflects the insights into the physicochemical properties and fabrication approaches of different classes of PV membranes, especially composite- and NCP-membranes. The mass transport mechanisms interrelated to the specialized structural features have been discussed. Additionally, the performance potential and application prospects of these membranes in a wide spectrum of desalination and wastewater treatment have been elaborated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives have been identified in developing and scaling up different high-performance membranes suitable for broader commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mrinmoy Karmakar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sagar Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Mousumi Deb
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Himarati Mondal
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Manas Mahapatra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Madhushree Mitra
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Joy Sankar Deb Roy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
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Chaudhri SG, Chaudhari JC, Singh PS. Fabrication of efficient pervaporation desalination membrane by reinforcement of poly(vinyl alcohol)-silica film on porous polysulfone hollow fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G. Chaudhri
- RO Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg; Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Jayesh C. Chaudhari
- Analytical Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg; Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
| | - Puyam S. Singh
- RO Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg; Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India
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