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de Oliveira CPM, Sperle P, Arcanjo GS, Koch K, Viana MM, Drewes JE, Amaral MCS. Successful application of photocatalytic recycled TiO 2-GO membranes for the removal of trace organic compounds from tertiary effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142730. [PMID: 38950742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic membranes are a promising technology for water and wastewater treatment. Towards circular economy, extending the lifetime of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for as long as possible is extremely important, due to the great amount of RO modules discarded every year around the world. Therefore, in the present study, photocatalytic membranes made of recycled post-lifespan RO membrane (polyamide thin-film composite), TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide are used in the treatment tertiary-treated domestic wastewater to remove trace organic compounds (TrOCs). The inclusion of dopamine throughout the surface modification process enhanced the stability of the membranes to be used as long as 10 months of operation. We investigated TrOCs removal by the membrane itself and in combination with UV-C and visible light by LED. The best results were obtained with integrated membrane UV-C system at pH 9, with considerable reductions of diclofenac (92%) and antipyrine (87%). Changes in effluent pH demonstrated an improvement in the attenuation of TrOCs concentration at higher pHs. By modifying membranes with nanocomposites, an increase in membrane hydrophilicity (4 degrees contact angle reduction) was demonstrated. The effect of the lamp position on the light fluence that reaches the membrane was assessed, and greater values were found in the middle of the membrane, providing parameters for process optimization (0.29 ± 0.10 mW cm-2 at the center of the membrane and 0.07 ± 0.03 mW cm-2 at the right and left extremities). Photocatalytic recycled TiO2-GO membranes have shown great performance to remove TrOCs and extend membrane lifespan, as sustainable technology to treat wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Prado Machado de Oliveira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Philipp Sperle
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gemima Santos Arcanjo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Professor Aristides Novis Street, 02, Federação, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcelo Machado Viana
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jorg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Miriam Cristina Santos Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Khanzada NK, Al-Juboori RA, Khatri M, Ahmed FE, Ibrahim Y, Hilal N. Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:52. [PMID: 38392679 PMCID: PMC10890584 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has shown a promising role in combating water scarcity, a globally faced challenge. However, the disposal of end-of-life membrane modules is problematic as the current practices include incineration and landfills as their final fate. In addition, the increase in population and lifestyle advancement have significantly enhanced waste generation, thus overwhelming landfills and exacerbating environmental repercussions and resource scarcity. These practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Recycling membranes and utilizing recycled material for their manufacturing is seen as a potential approach to address the aforementioned challenges. Depending on physiochemical conditions, the end-of-life membrane could be reutilized for similar, upgraded, and downgraded operations, thus extending the membrane lifespan while mitigating the environmental impact that occurred due to their disposal and new membrane preparation for similar purposes. Likewise, using recycled waste such as polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, tire rubber, keratin, and cellulose and their derivates for fabricating the membranes can significantly enhance environmental sustainability. This study advocates for and supports the integration of sustainability concepts into membrane technology by presenting the research carried out in this area and rigorously assessing the achieved progress. The membranes' recycling and their fabrication utilizing recycled waste materials are of special interest in this work. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for future research endeavors aimed at promoting environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Khalid Khanzada
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muzamil Khatri
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Ejaz Ahmed
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yazan Ibrahim
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Raval H, Sharma R, Srivastava A. Novel protocol for fouling detection of reverse osmosis membrane based on methylene blue colorimetric method by image processing technique. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:513-528. [PMID: 38358486 PMCID: wst_2023_425 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a novel methylene blue (MB)-based colorimetric method for a quick, inexpensive, and facile approach for the determination of fouling intensity of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been reported. This technique is based on the interaction of MB with the organic foulants and shows the corresponding change in the colour intensity depending on the severity of fouling. The organic foulants, such as albumin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were chosen as model foulants, and the membranes were subjected to foul under extreme fouling conditions. The fouled membranes underwent an MB treatment followed by image-processing analyses. The severity of surface fouling of membranes was evaluated in terms of fouling intensity and correlated with the corresponding decline of permeate flux. The maximum fouling intensity of the albumin, sodium alginate, and CMC sodium were found to be 8.83, 23.38, and 9.19%, respectively, for the definite concentration of foulants. The physico-chemical interactions of the given foulants and MB were confirmed by changes in zeta potentials and increased sizes of the foulant by the dynamic light scattering technique. The surface fouling over the membrane surface was confirmed by the characterization of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India E-mail:
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India
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Soto-Salcido LA, Pihlajamäki A, Mänttäri M. Reuse of end-of-life membranes through accelerated polyamide degradation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:124-133. [PMID: 37657285 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
End-of-life (EoL) thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis membranes were converted into ultrafiltration-like (UF) membranes in an accelerated degradation process of the polyamide (PA) using an oxidant (NaOCl) in the presence of either MgCl2 or CaCl2. The PA degradation was evaluated by measuring pure water permeability (PWP), MgSO4 passage and molecular weight cut-off; the more PWP increased, and the less MgSO4 was retained after treatment, the more the PA was degraded. By adding 10 mM of metal ions, PWP increased 2.1 (MgCl2) and 3.1 (CaCl2) times compared to the increase achieved with hypochlorite alone (2560 ppm∙h of free chlorine). Changes in the membranes after treatment were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and by measuring their surface charge and contact angle. FTIR and FE-SEM confirmed the PA layer degradation. FE-SEM micrographs showed that full removal of the PA layer can be achieved by using an oxidation dose of 12,700 ppm∙h when Ca2+ is used but doses as high as 300,000 ppm*h are needed without catalyst. The results proved that by controlling the oxidation process it was possible to control the cut-off (MWCO) value of the membrane from 16,100 g∙mol-1 to 27,100 g∙mol-1. Before treatment, EoL membranes showed a MWCO of approximately 1200 g∙mol-1, meaning that molecules with that size could be retained in a 90%. In summary, the presented method enables reducing waste by the conversion EoL membranes into tailored UF-like membranes and by decreasing the amount of oxidant used in the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Soto-Salcido
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Arto Pihlajamäki
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Mika Mänttäri
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
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Shemer H, Wald S, Semiat R. Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:612. [PMID: 37367816 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, global population growth, and rising standards of living have put immense strain on natural resources, resulting in the unsecured availability of water as an existential resource. Access to high-quality drinking water is crucial for daily life, food production, industry, and nature. However, the demand for freshwater resources exceeds the available supply, making it essential to utilize all alternative water resources such as the desalination of brackish water, seawater, and wastewater. Reverse osmosis desalination is a highly efficient method to increase water supplies and make clean, affordable water accessible to millions of people. However, to ensure universal access to water, various measures need to be implemented, including centralized governance, educational campaigns, improvements in water catchment and harvesting technologies, infrastructure development, irrigation and agricultural practices, pollution control, investments in novel water technologies, and transboundary water cooperation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of measures for utilizing alternative water sources, with particular emphasis on seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation techniques. In particular, membrane-based technologies are critically reviewed, with a focus on their energy consumption, costs, and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Shemer
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wald
- Wald Industries, Tor HaAviv 1, Rehovot 7632101, Israel
| | - Raphael Semiat
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Oliveira CPMD, Moreira VR, Lebron YAR, Vasconcelos CKBD, Koch K, Viana MM, Drewes JE, Amaral MCS. Converting recycled membranes into photocatalytic membranes using greener TiO 2-GRAPHENE oxide nanomaterials. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135591. [PMID: 35798155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of membrane separation processes for water treatment, operation costs and fouling still restrict their application. Costs can be overcome by recycled membranes whereas fouling can be mitigated by membrane modification. In this work, the performance of recycled reverse osmosis membranes modified by greener titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) in different modification routes were investigated and compared. The use of recycled membranes as a support acted more than a strategy for costs reduction, but also as an alternative for solid waste reduction. Low adhesion of nanoparticulate materials to the membrane surfaces were verified in depositions by self-assembly, whereas filtration and modification with dopamine generated membranes with well adhered and homogeneous layers. Considering the stability, permeability, and rejection efficiency of dyes as model substrates, the membranes modified with the aid of dopamine-TiO2-GO were the most promising. The nanomaterials increased the membrane hydrophilicity and formed a hydrated layer that repels the organic contaminants and reduces fouling. Besides membrane rejection, adsorption (contribution: ∼10%) and photocatalysis (contribution: ∼20%) were additional mechanisms for pollutants removal by the modified membranes. The photocatalytic membrane modified with dopamine-TiO2-GO was furthermore evaluated for the removal of six different pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), noticing gains in terms of removal efficiency (up to 95.7%) and fouling mitigation for the modified membrane compared to the original membranes. The photocatalytic activity still contributed to a simultaneous degradation of PhACs avoiding the generation of a concentrated stream for further disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Prado Machado de Oliveira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcelo Machado Viana
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627, Antônio Carlos Avenue, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Lejarazu-Larrañaga A, Landaburu-Aguirre J, Senán-Salinas J, Ortiz JM, Molina S. Thin Film Composite Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane Technology towards a Circular Economy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090864. [PMID: 36135883 PMCID: PMC9502371 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination will produce, by 2025, more than 2,000,000 end-of-life membranes annually worldwide. This review examines the implementation of circular economy principles in RO technology through a comprehensive analysis of the RO membrane life cycle (manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life management). Future RO design should incorporate a biobased composition (biopolymers, recycled materials, and green solvents), improve the durability of the membranes (fouling and chlorine resistance), and facilitate the recyclability of the modules. Moreover, proper membrane maintenance at the usage phase, attained through the implementation of feed pre-treatment, early fouling detection, and membrane cleaning methods can help extend the service time of RO elements. Currently, end-of-life membranes are dumped in landfills, which is contrary to the waste hierarchy. This review analyses up to now developed alternative valorisation routes of end-of-life RO membranes, including reuse, direct and indirect recycling, and energy recovery, placing a special focus on emerging indirect recycling strategies. Lastly, Life Cycle Assessment is presented as a holistic methodology to evaluate the environmental and economic burdens of membrane recycling strategies. According to the European Commission's objectives set through the Green Deal, future perspectives indicate that end-of-life membrane valorisation strategies will keep gaining increasing interest in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Senán-Salinas
- BETA Tech. Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda, 70, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Molina
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com, 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Patel RV, Raj GB, Chaubey S, Yadav A. Investigation on the feasibility of recycled polyvinylidene difluoride polymer from used membranes for removal of methylene blue: experimental and DFT studies. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:194-210. [PMID: 35838291 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the feasibility of recycled polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) beads to decolourize methylene blue (MB) from aqueous streams. The beads were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for its morphological and structural analysis. The effect of various process parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time, and pH was studied. The first principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the adsorption process. The MB dye adsorption on recycled PVDF beads followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, indicating the adsorption was chemical and monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 27.86 mg g-1. The adsorption energy of MB-PVDF predicted from the DFT study was -64.7 kJ mol-1. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of PVDF decreased from 9.42 eV to 0.50 eV upon interaction with MB dye due to the mixing of molecular orbitals. The DFT simulations showed that the interaction of the MB dye molecule was from the electronegative N atom of the MB dye molecule, implying that electrostatic interactions occurred between the recycled PVDF beads and the positively charged quaternary ammonium groups in MB dye. The present study demonstrates the potential of recycled PVDF beads for a low-cost dye removal technique from textile wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Vardhan Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India E-mail:
| | - Gopika B Raj
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India E-mail: ; Centre for Bio-Polymer Science and Technology (unit of CIPET), Kochi 683501, India
| | - Shweta Chaubey
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India E-mail:
| | - Anshul Yadav
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India E-mail:
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9
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Ribera-Pi J, Badia-Fabregat M, Espí J, Clarens F, Jubany I, Martínez-Lladó X. Decreasing environmental impact of landfill leachate treatment by MBR, RO and EDR hybrid treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3508-3522. [PMID: 32090690 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1734099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A prototype pilot plant testing for a novel complete treatment strategy for landfill leachate aimed to decrease its environmental impact was studied. Pre-treatment of leachate was performed by means of a membrane biore-actor (MBR) decreasing inorganic carbon concentration by 92 ± 8% and achieving N removals of 85%. Suspended solids removal in the MBR >99.9% conditioned leachate for the next membrane step. Spiral-would reverse osmosis (RO) regenerated membranes were used to treat the MBR effluent. This RO unit achieved a global recovery of 84% along with operation and rejections of >95% for most of the analyzed compounds. Since RO permeate did not meet discharge standards, promising results were obtained after a second RO pass was applied. The RO brine produced was further concentrated by an electrodialysis reversal (EDR) unit, achieving an averaged recovery of 67% throughout the operation. The average recovery of the whole pilot plant system was >90%. The reduction of global brine volume together with the use of regenerated membranes are key to the environmental impact of the process and contribute to closing the loop of the circular economy. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), performed according to ILCD Handbook guidelines, demonstrated that proposed new treatment had lower environmental impact than conventional treatments currently used in landfill facilities. Concretely, for the nine impact categories evaluated, the proposed treatment presented an average impact reduction of 93% compared to an advanced oxidation system and an average reduction of 26% when compared to a conventional RO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ribera-Pi
- Sustainability Area, Eurecat - Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya Manresa, Spain
| | | | - Jose Espí
- Sustainability Area, Eurecat - Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya Manresa, Spain
| | - Frederic Clarens
- Sustainability Area, Eurecat - Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya Manresa, Spain
| | - Irene Jubany
- Sustainability Area, Eurecat - Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya Manresa, Spain
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Coutinho de Paula E, Martins PV, Ferreira ICDM, Amaral MCS. Bench and pilot scale performance assessment of recycled membrane converted from old nanofiltration membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1232-1244. [PMID: 30226794 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1526218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of end-of-life polyamide-based thin film composite (TFC) membranes is gaining interest in academic and industrial contexts. The effects of chlorine exposure on the performance of polyamide membranes result in an increase in membrane permeability, whereas the solute rejection decreases. Therefore, the controlled chemical conversion of old reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been reported by some previous papers. The objectives of this study were to assess recycling of old nanofiltration (NF) membrane, to assess the performance of the recycled membranes for a river water treatment application, and to conduct preliminary cost evaluations. Recycling technique consisted of exposing the membrane to a sodium hypochlorite solution in order to remove its polyamide layer and conversion to a low-pressure membrane. The work conducted bench scale and long-time pilot tests, and the recycled membranes showed a low fouling tendency. The difference between some results in bench- and pilot scale underscores the importance of evaluating design parameters using pilot scale units. Based on the cost analysis, the total cost of chemical recycling end-of-line NF membranes for a river water treatment is approximately 1.1% of the cost of using a new UF membrane. There is a great potential in using recycled membranes for rivers water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Coutinho de Paula
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Thinking the future of membranes: Perspectives for advanced and new membrane materials and manufacturing processes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Moradi MR, Pihlajamäki A, Hesampour M, Ahlgren J, Mänttäri M. End-of-life RO membranes recycling: Reuse as NF membranes by polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer deposition. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Wang Y, Górecki RP, Stamate E, Norrman K, Aili D, Zuo M, Guo W, Hélix-Nielsen C, Zhang W. Preparation of super-hydrophilic polyphenylsulfone nanofiber membranes for water treatment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:278-286. [PMID: 35521605 PMCID: PMC9059319 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membrane-supported thin film composite (TFC) membranes exhibit great potential in water purification. In this work, electrospun polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) nanofiber membranes were prepared and modified by heat and plasma treatments. The resulting membranes were used as support layers for biomimetic TFC-based forward osmosis membranes. Thermal treatment transformed a loose non-woven nanofiber structure into a robust interconnected 3-dimensional PPSU network displaying a 930% increase in elastic modulus, 853% increase in maximum stress, and two-fold increase in breaking strain. Superior hydrophilicity of PPSU nanofiber membranes was achieved by low-pressure plasma treatment, changing the contact angle from 137° to 0°. The fabricated exemplary TFC-based forward osmosis membrane showed an osmotic water flux Jw > 14 L m−2 h−1 with a very low reserve salt flux Js (Js/Jw = 0.08 g L−1) demonstrating the potential for making high quality membranes for water treatment using PPSU-based support layers for TFC membranes. A 3-dimensional nanofiber membrane with superior hydrophilicity and mechanical properties significantly improves flux and salt rejection in thin film forward osmosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Polymer Processing Laboratory
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
| | - Radoslaw Pawel Górecki
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S
- Denmark
| | - Eugen Stamate
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Kion Norrman
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - David Aili
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Min Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Polymer Processing Laboratory
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
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