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Țurcanu AA, Matei E, Râpă M, Predescu AM, Berbecaru AC, Coman G, Predescu C. Walnut Shell Biowaste Valorization via HTC Process for the Removal of Some Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911095. [PMID: 36232389 PMCID: PMC9570237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research emphasizes the performance of some eco-friendly carbon materials as hydrochars (HC) obtained by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process applied to walnut shell (WS) biowaste. These materials display promising properties that can be used for environmental applications such as emerging pharmaceutical pollutant retention from water sources. Thus, three hydrochars coded HCWS1, HCWS2, and HCWS3 were obtained using a dynamic autoclave in specific conditions—temperature of 220 °C, autogenous pressure, 1:10 biomass–water weight ratio—and for three different reaction times, 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h. The HCWSs were characterized by means of ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDS analyses and tested as possible adsorbents to assess the removal efficiencies of some emerging pharmaceutical pollutants (paracetamol and methylene blue) by UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Kinetic and adsorption studies were carried out. The best results were obtained for the HCWS3 hydrochar. Further perspectives include an activation step of the hydrochars and their testing on other emerging pharmaceutical pollutants.
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Conversion of Industrial Sludge into Activated Biochar for Effective Cationic Dye Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Properties Assessment. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth characterization of a raw industrial sludge (IS-R) and its KOH-activated biochar pyrolyzed at 750 °C (IS-KOH-B) followed by their application to remove a cationic dye from aqueous solution. Materials characterization shows that compared to the IS-R, the IS-KOH-B has improved structural, textural, and surface chemical properties. In particular, the IS-KOH-B’s BET surface area and total pore volume are about 78 and 6 times higher than those found for the IS-R, respectively. The activated biochar efficiently retained the cationic dye under wide experimental conditions. Indeed, for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg L−1, removal yields were assessed to be more than 92.5%, 93.5%, and 97.8% for a large pH range (4–10), in the presence of high contents of competing cations (3000 mg L−1 of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+), and a low used adsorbent dose (1 g L−1), respectively. The Langmuir’s adsorption capacities were 48.5 and 65.9 mg g−1 for of IS-R and IS-KOH-B, respectively, which are higher than those reported for various adsorbents in the literature. The dye removal was found to be monolayer, spontaneous, and endothermic for both the adsorbents. Moreover, this removal process seems to be controlled by chemical reactions for IS-KOH-B whereas by both physico–chemical reactions for IS-R. This study demonstrates that the raw industrial sludge and especially its KOH-activated derived biochar could be considered as promising adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Yang L, Jin J, Wang Y, An W, Zhao Y, Cui C, Han L, Wang X. The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution by the anaerobically digested sewage sludge with hydrothermal pretreatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132644. [PMID: 34688715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) with hydrothermal (HT) pretreatment (sequential HT-AD treatment) is a novel technology for sludge management. HT-AD sludge is rich in functional groups and its applications as pollutant sorbents might be a win-win strategy. This study investigated the removal of uranium (VI) from water using HT-AD sludge as affected by solution pH, temperature, and ion strength. The reusability and heavy metal risk of HT-AD sludge were also assessed. The batch sorption experiments demonstrated that even at an acidic initial pH of 3.2, the maximum adsorption of HT-AD sludge for uranium (VI) reached 117.13 mg/g, higher than that of most carbon-based materials. The inner-sphere and out-sphere complexation between uranium (VI) and the HT-AD sludge dominated the adsorption when pH was in the range of 2-6 and 6-11, respectively. The FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that the primary mechanisms of uranium (VI) adsorption by the HT-AD sludge were the surface complexation and the electric attraction between uranium (VI) and the functional groups (e.g. -COO-) on HT-AD sludge. The removal rate of uranium (VI) by HT-AD sludge only decreased by ∼7% after 3 consecutive adsorption cycles. Leaching experiment showed that less than 5% of the total heavy metal were released from HT-AD sludge. Our research proved that HT-AD sludge can be used as an efficient uranium (VI) adsorbent with good reusability and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yichu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weiqi An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yunao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chao Cui
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Wu L, Wei W, Wang D, Ni BJ. Improving nutrients removal and energy recovery from wastes using hydrochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146980. [PMID: 33865133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an eco-friendly, flexible and efficient way to valorise wet solid wastes, producing a carbon-rich material named as hydrochar. Considerable efforts have been devoted to studying the feasibility of using hydrochar in waste management to achieve the goal of circular economy. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of hydrochar on energy recovery from anaerobic digestion (AD), nutrient reclamation, and wastewater treatment is currently lacking. To understand the influence of hydrochar type on its application, this review will firstly introduce the mechanisms and biomass treatment for hydrochar preparation. Most recent studies regarding the improvement of methane (CH4) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production after dosing hydrochar in anaerobic digesters are quantitatively summarized and deeply discussed. The potential of using various hydrochar as slow-fertilizer to support the growth of plants are analysed by providing quantitative data. The usage of hydrochar in remediating pollutants from wastewater as effective adsorbent is also evaluated. Based on the review, we also address the challenges and demonstrate the opportunities for the future application of hydrochar in waste management. Conclusively, this review will not only provide a systematic understanding of the up-to-date developments of improving the nutrients removal and energy recovery from wastes by using hydrochar but also several new directions for the application of hydrochar in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Hu C, Zhang W, Chen Y, Ye N, YangJi D, Jia H, Shen Y, Song M. Adsorption of Co(II) from aqueous solution using municipal sludge biochar modified by HNO 3. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:251-261. [PMID: 34280168 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here adsorption studies were proposed on a carboxylated sludge biochar (CSB) material modified by HNO3 to assess its capacity in the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution. The as-prepared sludge biochar material was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The isotherm process could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics indicated that cobalt adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The mechanism between Co(II) and biochar involved electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, surface complexation and physical function. The adsorption capacity on CSB was as high as 72.27 mg·g-1, surpassing original sludge biochar (SB) as CSB had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and many hydroxyls, plus the BET surface areas increased when SB was modified by HNO3, which stimulated adsorption effect. Therefore, this work shows that CSB could be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove Co(II) in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Yuantao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Na Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - DaWa YangJi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Haizhe Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Minna Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
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Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13164098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) represents an efficient and valuable pre-treatment technology to convert waste biomass into highly dense carbonaceous materials that could be used in a wide range of applications between energy, environment, soil improvement and nutrients recovery fields. HTC converts residual organic materials into a solid high energy dense material (hydrochar) and a liquid residue where the most volatile and oxygenated compounds (mainly furans and organic acids) concentrate during reaction. Pristine hydrochar is mainly used for direct combustion, to generate heat or electricity, but highly porous carbonaceous media for energy storage or for adsorption of pollutants applications can be also obtained through a further activation stage. HTC process can be used to enhance recovery of nutrients as nitrogen and phosphorous in particular and can be used as soil conditioner, to favor plant growth and mitigate desertification of soils. The present review proposes an outlook of the several possible applications of hydrochar produced from any sort of waste biomass sources. For each of the applications proposed, the main operative parameters that mostly affect the hydrochar properties and characteristics are highlighted, in order to match the needs for the specific application.
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Sewage Sludge Hydrochar: An Option for Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge was subjected to a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process for developing a hydrochar with high adsorption capacity for water remediation in terms of dye removal. Three hydrochars were produced from municipal sewage sludge by performing HTC at 190, 220 and 250 °C, with a 3 h reaction time. Moreover, a portion of each hydrochar was subjected to a post-treatment with KOH in order to increase the adsorption capacity. Physicochemical properties of sludge samples, raw hydrochars and KOH-modified hydrochars were measured and batch adsorption studies were performed using methylene blue (MB) as a reference dye. Data revealed that both raw and modified hydrochars reached good MB removal efficiency for solutions with low MB concentrations; on the contrary, MB in high concentration solutions was efficiently removed only by modified hydrochars. Interestingly, the KOH treatment greatly improved the MB adsorption rate; the modified hydrochars were capable of capturing above 95% of the initial MB amount in less than 15 min. The physicochemical characterization indicates that alkali modification caused a change in the hydrochar surface making it more chemically homogeneous, which is particularly evident for the 250 °C hydrochar. Thus, the adsorption process can be regarded as a complex result of various phenomena, including physi- and chemi-sorption, acid–base and redox equilibria.
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Wei J, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Li J. Enhanced catalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic by persulfate activated with modified sludge bio-hydrochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125854. [PMID: 31955042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a one-pot prepared modified sludge bio-hydrochar (IBHC) was prepared to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic. The obtained IBHC bearing defect structure, dispersed iron and large amounts of surface organic functional groups, acts as an outstanding modified biomass carbonaceous material for catalyzing PS to improve the removal efficiency of TC as high as 99.72%. The IBHC + PS system can remove TC effectively with a relative low IBHC dosage (0.2 g·L-1), limited PS consumption (5 mmol·L-1) and wide pH values (2-10). In addition, the degradation of TC still keep in 94.70% after 5 rounds reuse proving that IBHC possesses excellent stability and practicability. During the activation, both and •OH were generated and the contribution of each component on the TC degradation in IBHC + PS system was explored. Furthermore, the degradation pathways of TC were proposed based on the results of LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yitao Liu
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
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Wei J, Liu Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Yu H, Peng Y. Adsorption and co-adsorption of tetracycline and doxycycline by one-step synthesized iron loaded sludge biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124254. [PMID: 31306978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of biochar as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment has obtained a tremendous research interest owning to their low cost and surface functionality. In this research, an iron loaded sludge biochar was successfully prepared through a simple and economical one-step modification hydrothermal method. The iron loaded sludge biochar possesses large amounts of surface organic functional groups (such as hydroxy, carboxyl and aromatic ring, etc.), smaller particle size (about 10 nm) as well as relative higher surface area (82.780 m2 g-1) than of the pristine one. The selective removal of two kinds of antibiotics by the prepared products was demonstrated. Experimental data was fitted to isotherm and kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. In the single antibiotic system, the maximum adsorption amount of tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline (DOX) could reach 104.86 and 128.98 mg g-1 at 293.15 K, respectively. In the binary antibiotics system, there was an antagonistic effect between TC and DOX. Furthermore, the adsorption of TC was much more inhibited than that of DOX owning to its deferent steric hindrance of molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yitao Liu
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- College of Architecture Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, 1947, N.12th Street Philadelphia PA 19122, USA
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Assessing the effect on the generation of environmentally persistent free radicals in hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17092. [PMID: 31745230 PMCID: PMC6863856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have attracted increasing research interest in recent years. Herein, the generation of EPFRs during the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge (SS) was studied. First, the surface morphology, functional groups, constituent elements and free radicals were characterized for a holistic description of the raw SS and the selected hydrochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of SS (SHC). Then, the impact of hydrothermal temperature, residence time and initial pH on the formation of EPFRs was explored in detail through the investigation of g-factors and intensities of EPFRs identified in SHC. The results have shown that the formation of EPFRs was affected by the factors mentioned above, in which the impact of temperature is the greatest. Two types of EPFRs were spotted in the hydrochar, oxygen-centered (O-centered) and carbon-centered (C-centered) EPFRs, which were caught in 120-150 °C and 260-280 °C, respectively. Moreover, the intensities of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signals enhanced with increasing hydrothermal temperature. Whereas, residence time and initial pH only affected the amount of EPFRs in a manner. Additionally, the half-life of the O-centered EPFRs and the C-centered EPFRs was determined as long as 160.45 days and 401.10 days, respectively, indicating that EPFRs are stable in a long time.
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