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Yang RK, Toruner GA, Wang W, Fang H, Issa GC, Wang L, Quesada AE, Thakral B, Patel KP, Peng G, Liu S, Yin CC, Borthakur G, Tang Z, Wang SA, Miranda RN, Khoury JD, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. CBFB Break-Apart FISH Testing: An Analysis of 1629 AML Cases with a Focus on Atypical Findings and Their Implications in Clinical Diagnosis and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5354. [PMID: 34771519 PMCID: PMC8582369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a confirmatory test to establish a diagnosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) AML. However, incidental findings and their clinical diagnostic implication have not been systemically studied. We studied 1629 CBFB FISH cases performed in our institution, 262 (16.1%), 1234 (75.7%), and 133 (8.2%) were reported as positive, normal, and abnormal, respectively. The last included CBFB copy number changes (n = 120) and atypical findings such as 3'CBFB deletion (n = 11), 5'CBFB deletion (n = 1), and 5'CBFB gain (n = 1). Correlating with CBFB-MYH11 RT-PCR results, totally 271 CBFB rearrangement cases were identified, including five with discrepancies between FISH and RT-PCR due to new partner genes (n = 3), insertion (n = 1), or rare CBFB-MYH11 variant (n = 1) and eight with 3'CBFB deletion. All cases with atypical findings and/or discrepancies presented clinical diagnostic challenges. Correlating FISH signal patterns and karyotypes, additional chromosome 16 aberrations (AC16As) show impacts on the re-definition of a complex karyotype and prognostic prediction. The CBFB rearrangement but not all AC16As will be detected by NGS-based methods. Therefore, FISH testing is currently still needed to provide a quick and straightforward confirmatory inv(16)/t(16;16) AML diagnosis and additional information related to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. Yang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Gokce A. Toruner
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Ghayas C. Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Andrés E. Quesada
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Keyur P. Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Parkview Regional Medical Center, Allied Hospital Pathologists, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA;
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Sa A. Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Roberto N. Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.K.Y.); (G.A.T.); (W.W.); (H.F.); (A.E.Q.); (B.T.); (K.P.P.); (C.C.Y.); (S.A.W.); (R.N.M.); (J.D.K.); (L.J.M.); (G.T.)
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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Virchis A, Massey E, Butler T, Devaraj P, Wright F, Secker-Walker L, Prentice HG, Mehta A. Acute myeloblastic leukaemias of FAB types M6 and M4, with cryptic PML/RARalpha fusion gene formation, relapsing as acute promyelocytic leukaemia M3. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:551-6. [PMID: 11552979 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of either the translocation t(15;17)(q22;q21) or the fusion of PML and RARalpha genes is regarded as diagnostic for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) of FAB type M3, but has occasionally been seen in other FAB types. We present two such cases. Case 1 presented with FAB type M6 and a complex karyotype involving chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 17. Bone marrow relapse of FAB type M3 followed autologous bone marrow transplantation. Subsequent marrow dysplasia and an M6 relapse were accompanied by a new cytogenetic clone involving chromosomes X, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of metaphase chromosomes at diagnosis showed insertion of material from chromosome 17 into a 'normal' 15 with juxtaposition of PML and RARalpha. Case 2 presented as AML M4 and relapsed as M3. Cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis and in relapse showed 46,XY,t(15;17)(q22;q11),del(16)(q22). FISH analysis showed this to be a three-way translocation involving chromosomes 15, 16 and 17 again with juxtaposition of PML and RARalpha. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed PML/RARalpha fusion at diagnosis, in remission and in first relapse. These examples strengthen the case for RT-PCR screening of all AML patients for these fusion genes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Recurrence
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- A Virchis
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, UK.
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McGhee EM, Cohen NR, Wolf JL, Ledesma CT, Cotter PD. Monosomy 16 as the sole abnormality in myeloid malignancies. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 118:163-6. [PMID: 10748300 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients reported with chromosome 16 abnormalities had the inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13;q22) rearrangements, which were associated with a favorable prognosis. In contrast, del(16)(q22) was reported less commonly but was associated with a less favorable prognosis. We describe an 80-year-old woman who presented with MDS (refractory anemia). Chromosome analysis from bone marrow aspirate cultures showed monosomy 16 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. Comparison of this patient with previously reported cases of monosomy 16 showed that this uncommon abnormality was associated with myeloid disorders. Monosomy 16 patients, similar to del(16)(q22) patients, tended to be elderly, presented with MDS or AML, and had a poor prognosis. The similarity in clinical course for del(16)(q22) and monosomy 16 patients suggests that the phenotype in both groups resulted from loss of important gene(s) on 16q, as distinct from the fusion gene product identified in the inv(16) and t(16;16) rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M McGhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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