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Maeda C, Shinada K, Murakami S, Saito H. Efficacy of osimertinib for lung squamous cell carcinoma with de novo EGFR T790M-positive: Case report and literature review. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2886-2889. [PMID: 37641467 PMCID: PMC10542461 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancers, squamous cell carcinoma is less common and shows lower responsiveness to first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) compared to adenocarcinoma. However, the efficacy of osimertinib for squamous cell carcinoma with EGFR mutations is not well known. This study reports the case of a 57-year-old male diagnosed as having stage IIIC squamous cell lung cancer. Oncomine Dx Target Test identified EGFR exon19 deletion and de novo EGFR T790M mutation with variant allele frequencies (VAF) of 21.6% and 25.2%, respectively. The patient was treated with osimertinib after progression on chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab, and a partial response was maintained for more than 20 months. To predict EGFR-TKI efficacy, confirmation of gene mutations and VAF using next-generation sequencing is helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Respiratory Disease CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kanako Shinada
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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Ebrahimi N, Fardi E, Ghaderi H, Palizdar S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Ghanaatian M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Baziyar P, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:104. [PMID: 36947256 PMCID: PMC11073124 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) some of which have entered clinical application. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Fardi
- Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Medical Innovation, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Palizdar
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Master 1 Bio-Santé-Parcours Toulouse Graduate School of Cancer, Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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Efficacy of Osimertinib in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with EGFR Gene Mutation–Case Report and A Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3531-3539. [PMID: 35621675 PMCID: PMC9140000 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is responsible for 80–85% of lung cancer cases. NSCLC can be divided into several groups, led by adenocarcinoma (ADC)–40–50% and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)–20–30%. The development of new molecular therapies targeting particular abnormalities such as mutations in the EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) gene or ROS1 or ALK genes rearrangements resolved in novel strategies in advanced NSCLC management. EGFR mutation occurs mostly in patients with ADC and those patients are mostly females with no or light smoking history. The hereby presented patient fitted the ADC characteristics, while they were diagnosed with SCC. The unusual diagnosis implied further genetic testing, which established the occurrence of L858R substitution in exon 21 in the EGFR gene. A 63-year-old female was admitted to the unit due to a dry cough, pain in the right chest area and dyspnoea. When diagnosed, the patient had a peripheral mass in the right lung superior lobe (55 × 40 mm), satellite nodules in the apex of the same lung and packets of disintegrating lymph nodes. Positron Emission Tomography (PET-CT) confirmed a diffuse neoplastic process qualified as stage IV on the TNM scale. Due to EGFR gene mutation, the woman was administered osimertinib, however, the treatment did not succeed, and other therapeutic solutions were undertaken. The patient died 10 months after diagnosis. Patients with advanced ADC harboring EGFR mutation can receive osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), however, the use of TKIs in SCC remains controversial. In some published cases, osimertinib treatment led to success, in others, the therapy did not result in the expected final effect. Small sample groups and diverse molecular backgrounds indicate the need for further research in this field. Thus, the treatment decision-making process in those patients overall remains extremely demanding and ambiguous.
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