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Emori S, Kume K, Nakayama Y, Ito H, Kawakami H. C9orf72 repeat expansions in Wakayama: One potential cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. J Neurol Sci 2024; 466:123209. [PMID: 39260140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A cluster of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exists in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula in Japan. Although both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be causative, the critical cause of this cluster has not been identified. C9orf72 is the most common genetic factor in both familial and sporadic C9orf72-related ALS in people of European ancestry, but it is rare among Japanese populations. However, a previous report revealed that the frequency of C9orf72-related ALS was significantly higher in the cluster area. We evaluated the proportion of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in 99 cases of ALS diagnosed in Wakayama Prefecture, including the cluster area, by using repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence fragment length analysis. We found that 2 of the 99 patients (0 % of those with familial ALS and 2.4 % of those with sporadic ALS) had hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72, and long-read sequencing revealed that these expansions were causative. No expansions were observed among 90 patients with Parkinson's disease or among 90 healthy controls. Haplotype analysis with long-read sequencing data revealed that the two patients with repeat expansions shared the common haplotype with that previously reported in Finnish patients with C9orf72-related ALS, which suggests a founder effect. C9orf72 was thought to be a rare causative gene in Japan, but this study revealed that it may be relatively common in Wakayama Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Emori
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kodai Kume
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Arakawa Y, Itoh S, Fukazawa Y, Ishiguchi H, Kohmoto J, Hironishi M, Ito H, Kihira T. Association between oxidative stress and microRNA expression pattern of ALS patients in the high-incidence area of the Kii Peninsula. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147035. [PMID: 32739158 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the upper and lower motor neuron systems. The high incidence of ALS in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula of Japan (K-ALS) was reported in the 1960s, but it has gradually decreased to the worldwide average. Although causes of the high incidence of ALS in this area are unknown, our previous studies suggested that environmental factors, including essential mineral deficiency and increased metal-induced oxidative stress, play a role in its development. Recently, it has been reported that microRNAs (miRNA) contribute to the degeneration of nervous system such as ALS. The aim of this study is to explore specific miRNAs in K-ALS and evaluate relationships between oxidative stress. We comprehensively analyzed serum miRNAs and examined urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), serum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum Nɛ-hexanoyl lysin (HEL) as oxidative stress markers in the patients with K-ALS, sporadic ALS (S-ALS), residents in this area (K-residents) and controls from another area. The expression levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p in the patients with K-ALS were significantly higher than those in controls. The HEL levels were significantly higher in the patients with K-ALS than in those with S-ALS and controls. The expression levels of miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p were not correlated with the levels of HEL. A set of high levels of miR-92a-3p, miR-486-5p and serum HEL may be a useful biomarker for K-ALS in the Kii Peninsula. The findings should be further studied by a large number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Arakawa
- Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Japan; Kansai University of Health Sciences, Japan.
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Ishiguchi
- Wakayama Medical University, Japan; Shingu Municipal Medical Center, Japan
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The Role of Exosomal microRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3232869. [PMID: 33193999 PMCID: PMC7641266 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3232869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are aging-associated diseases with irreversible damage of brain tissue. Oxidative stress is commonly detected in neurodegenerative diseases and related to neuronal injury and pathological progress. Exosome, one of the extracellular vesicles, is demonstrated to carry microRNAs (miRNAs) and build up a cell-cell communication in neurons. Recent research has found that exosomal miRNAs regulate the activity of multiple physiological pathways, including the oxidative stress response, in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Firstly, we explore the relationship between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, we introduce the characteristics of exosomes and roles of exosome-related miRNAs. Thirdly, we summarized the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Fourthly, we discuss the potential of exosomes to be a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we summarize the advantages of exosome-based delivery and present situation of research on exosome-based delivery of therapeutic miRNA. Our work is aimed at probing and reinforcing the recognition of the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and providing the basis for novel strategies of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Spencer PS, Palmer VS, Kihira T, Yoshida S, Reis J, Yabushita M, Yase Y. Kampō medicine and Muro disease (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex). eNeurologicalSci 2020; 18:100230. [PMID: 32090178 PMCID: PMC7026288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Western Pacific Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) is a disappearing neurodegenerative disease in three former high-incidence foci of Guam-USA, Papua-Indonesia and Kii Peninsula, Honshu Island, Japan. The latter includes two distinct ALS/PDC-affected regions (Hohara and Kozagawa), where the disorder is known as Muro disease. In Hohara, oral exposure to plant (cycad) neurotoxins used in traditional medical practice has been linked previously to Muro disease. We report new observations that link Kampō medicine to Muro disease in the southern Kozagawa focus. Oral exposure to cycad seed toxins is associated with all three foci of Western Pacific ALS/PDC.
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Hata Y, Ma N, Yoneda M, Morimoto S, Okano H, Murayama S, Kawanishi S, Kuzuhara S, Kokubo Y. Nitrative Stress and Tau Accumulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:751. [PMID: 29403345 PMCID: PMC5786541 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Kii Peninsula of Japan is known to be a high incidence area of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (Kii ALS/PDC) with tauopathy. Nitrative stress and oxidative stress on ALS/PDC and their relationship to tau pathology were clarified. Methods: Seven patients with Kii ALS/PDC (3 males and 4 females, average age 70.7 years, 3 with ALS, 2 with ALS with dementia, and 2 with PDC) were analyzed in this study. Five patients with Alzheimer's disease and five normal aged subjects were used as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded temporal lobe sections (the hippocampal area including hippocampus, prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum, and parahippocampal gyri) using antibodies to detect phosphorylated tau (anti-AT-8), nitrated guanine (anti-8-NG), anti-iNOS, anti-NFκB, and oxidized guanine (anti-8-OHdG) antibodies. Results: Most hippocampal neurons of Kii ALS/PDC patients were stained with anti-8-NG, anti-iNOS, anti-NFκB, and anti-8-OHdG antibodies and some AT-8 positive neurons were co-stained with anti-8-NG antibody. The numbers of 8-NG positive neurons and 8-OHdG positive neurons were greater than AT-8 positive neurons and the number of 8-NG positive neurons was larger in patients with Kii ALS/PDC than in controls. Conclusion: Nitrative and oxidative stress may take priority over tau accumulation and lead to the neurodegeneration in Kii ALS/PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Misao Yoneda
- Department of Medical Welfare, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuzuhara
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, School of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Graduate School of Regional Innovation studies, Mie University, Mie, Japan
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