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Shenkman BS, Tsaturyan AK, Vikhlyantsev IM, Kozlovskaya IB, Grigoriev AI. Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Tone Impairment under Conditions of Real and Simulated Space Flight. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:85-97. [PMID: 34377559 PMCID: PMC8327152 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kozlovskaya et al. [1] and Grigoriev et al. [2] showed that enormous loss of muscle stiffness (atonia) develops in humans under true (space flight) and simulated microgravity conditions as early as after the first days of exposure. This phenomenon is attributed to the inactivation of slow motor units and called reflectory atonia. However, a lot of evidence indicating that even isolated muscle or a single fiber possesses substantial stiffness was published at the end of the 20th century. This intrinsic stiffness is determined by the active component, i.e. the ability to form actin-myosin cross-bridges during muscle stretch and contraction, as well as by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, capable of resisting muscle stretch. The main facts on intrinsic muscle stiffness under conditions of gravitational unloading are considered in this review. The data obtained in studies of humans under dry immersion and rodent hindlimb suspension is analyzed. The results and hypotheses regarding reduced probability of cross-bridge formation in an atrophying muscle due to increased interfilament spacing are described. The evidence of cytoskeletal protein (titin, nebulin, etc.) degradation during gravitational unloading is also discussed. The possible mechanisms underlying structural changes in skeletal muscle collagen and its role in reducing intrinsic muscle stiffness are presented. The molecular mechanisms of changes in intrinsic stiffness during space flight and simulated microgravity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Shenkman
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
| | - A. K. Tsaturyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Research Institute of Mechanics, Moscow, 119192 Russia
| | - I. M. Vikhlyantsev
- Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Biophysics, Moscow Region, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - I. B. Kozlovskaya
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
| | - A. I. Grigoriev
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
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Takemura A, Pajevic PD, Egawa T, Teshigawara R, Hayashi T, Ishihara A. Effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen on osteoporosis induced by hindlimb unloading in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:631-638. [PMID: 32350615 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disuse-induced bone loss is caused by a suppression of osteoblastic bone formation and an increase in osteoclastic bone resorption. There are few data available for the effects of environmental conditions, i.e., atmospheric pressure and/or oxygen concentration, on osteoporosis. This study examined the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1317 hPa with 40% oxygen on unloading-induced osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen 8-week old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control for 21 days without unloading and mild hyperbaric oxygen (NOR, n = 6), the unloading for 21 days and recovery for 10 days without mild hyperbaric oxygen (HU + NOR, n = 6), and the unloading for 21 days and recovery for 10 days with mild hyperbaric oxygen (HU + MHO, n = 6). RESULTS The cortical thickness and trabecular bone surface area were decreased in the HU + NOR group compared to the NOR group. There were no differences between the NOR and HU + MHO groups. Osteoclast surface area and Sclerostin (Sost) mRNA expression levels were decreased in the HU + MHO group compared to the HU + NOR group. These results suggested that the loss of the cortical and trabecular bone is inhibited by mild hyperbaric oxygen, because of an inhibition of osteoclasts and enhancement of bone formation with decreased Sost expression. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen partially protects from the osteoporosis induced by hindlimb unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Teshigawara
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Petry ÉR, Dresch DDF, Carvalho C, Medeiros PC, Rosa TG, de Oliveira CM, Martins LAM, Schemitt E, Bona S, Guma FCR, Marroni NP, Wannmacher CMD. Oral glutamine supplementation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated skeletal muscle protein content degradation in immobilized rats: Role of 70 kDa heat shock protein. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:87-102. [PMID: 31505269 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disuse results in myofibrillar atrophy and protein degradation, via inflammatory and oxidative stress-mediated NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Nutritional interventions, such as l-glutamine (GLN) supplementation have shown antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects through the modulation on the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) expression. However, these GLN-mediated effects on cell signaling pathways and biochemical mechanisms that control the myofibrillar protein content degradation in muscle disuse situations are poorly known yet. This study investigated the effects of oral GLN plus l-alanine (ALA; GLN + ALA-solution) supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide (L-alanyl-l-glutamine-DIP) form, on GLN-glutathione (GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP70 protein expression in the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of rats submitted to 14-days of hindlimb immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Forty-eight Wistar rats were distributed into 6 groups: hindlimb immobilized (IMOB group) and hindlimb immobilized orally supplemented with either GLN (1 g kg-1) plus ALA (0.61 g kg-1) (GLN + ALA-IMOB group) or 1.49 g kg-1 of DIP (DIP-IMOB group) and; no-immobilized (CTRL) and no-immobilized supplemented GLN + ALA and DIP baselines groups. All animals, including CTRL and IMOB rats (water), were supplemented via intragastric gavage for 14 days, concomitantly to immobilization period. Plasma and muscle GLN levels, lipid (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARS) and protein (carbonyl) peroxidation, erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and GSH disulfide (GSSG), plasma and muscle pro-inflammatory TNF-α levels, muscle IKKα/β-NF-kB signaling pathway and, the myofibrillar protein content (MPC) were measured. The MPC was significantly lower in IMOB rats, compared to CTRL, GLN + ALA, and DIP animals (p < 0.05). This finding was associated with reduced plasma and muscle GLN concentration, equally in IMOB animals. Conversely, both GLN + ALA and DIP supplementation restored plasma and muscle GLN levels, which equilibrated GSH and intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH ratio) in erythrocytes and skeletal muscle even as, increased muscle HSP70 protein expression; attenuating oxidative stress and TNF-α-mediated NF-kB pathway activation, fact that reverberated on reduction of MPC degradation in GLN + ALA-IMOB and DIP-IMOB animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings shown herein support the oral GLN + ALA and DIP supplementations as a therapeutic and effective nutritional alternative to attenuate the deleterious effects of the skeletal muscle protein degradation induced by muscle disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éder Ricardo Petry
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Clarice Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Gomes Rosa
- Famaqui - Mario Quintana Faculty, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Morais de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizangêla Schemitt
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Norma Possas Marroni
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Milton Duval Wannmacher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ishihara A. Effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading on muscle properties in rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:365-372. [PMID: 31264074 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading on the properties of the soleus muscle in rats, because exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen enhances oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues. Therefore, exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen should inhibit the unloading-induced degenerative changes in skeletal muscles. One group of 7-week-old male Wistar rats were unloaded by hindlimb suspension for 2 weeks (HU, n = 12). A second group of age-matched rats were exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1317 hPa with 40% oxygen for 3 h a day during hindlimb suspension (HU + MHO, n = 12). A third group of age-matched rats without hindlimb suspension and exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen were assigned as the controls (WR, n = 12). Soleus muscle weight (per body weight), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) mRNA levels were lower in the HU and HU + MHO groups than in the WR group, and these were higher in the HU + MHO group than in the HU group. The unloading-induced type shift from type I to type IIA fibers was inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading. It is concluded that the unloading-induced decrease in soleus muscle weight (per body weight) and type shift from type I to type IIA fibers in the soleus muscle were partially inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen during unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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5
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Abstract
Adequate oxygen supply by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen at appropriately high atmospheric pressure (1266-1317 hPa) and increased oxygen concentration (35-40% oxygen) has a possibility of improving the oxidative metabolism in cells and tissues without barotrauma and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, in rats were inhibited and/or improved by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. It accelerated the growth-induced increase in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in rats and inhibited the age-related decrease in oxidative capacity of the skeletal muscle in mice. A decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson's disease was inhibited by exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen. This review describes the beneficial effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on some metabolic diseases and their perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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6
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Guéguinou N, Jeandel J, Kaminski S, Baatout S, Ghislin S, Frippiat JP. Modulation of Iberian Ribbed Newt Complement Component C3 by Stressors Similar to those Encountered during a Stay Onboard the International Space Station. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071579. [PMID: 30934839 PMCID: PMC6479312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, as well as homeostasis. Despite these functions, the effects of spaceflight conditions on the complement system have not yet been intensively studied. Consequently, we investigated the effects of five types of chronic stressors, similar to those encountered during a stay onboard the International Space Station, on C3 expression in larvae of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. We focused on C3 because it is a critical component of this system. These studies were completed by the analysis of adult mice exposed to two models of inflight stressors. Our data show that simulating space radiation, or combining a modification of the circadian rhythm with simulated microgravity, affects the amount of C3 proteins. These results suggest that C3 expression could be modified under real spaceflight conditions, potentially increasing the risk of inflammation and associated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Guéguinou
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jérémy Jeandel
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sandra Kaminski
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK·CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Stéphanie Ghislin
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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7
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Takemura A, Roy RR, Yoshihara I, Ishihara A. Unloading-induced atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity of the soleus muscle in rats are reversed by pre- and postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/14/e13353. [PMID: 28743823 PMCID: PMC5532487 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the effects of pre- and/or postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen (1.25 atmospheric pressure, 36% oxygen for 3 h/day) on the properties of the soleus muscle that was atrophied by hindlimb suspension-induced unloading. Twelve groups of 8-week-old rats were housed under normobaric conditions (1 atmospheric pressure, 20.9% oxygen) or exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen for 2 weeks. Ten groups then were housed under normobaric conditions for 2 weeks with their hindlimbs either unloaded via suspension or not unloaded. Six groups subsequently were either housed under normobaric conditions or exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen for 2 weeks: the suspended groups were allowed to recover under reloaded conditions (unrestricted normal cage activity). Muscle weights, cross-sectional areas of all fiber types, oxidative capacity (muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity and fiber succinate dehydrogenase staining intensity) decreased, and a shift of fibers from type I to type IIA and type IIC was observed after hindlimb unloading. In addition, mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α decreased, whereas those of forkhead box-containing protein O1 increased after hindlimb unloading. Muscle atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity were unaffected by either pre- or postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen. In contrast, these changes were followed by a return to nearly normal levels after 2 weeks of reloading when pre- and postconditioning were combined. Therefore, a combination of pre- and postconditioning with mild hyperbaric oxygen can be effective against the atrophy and decreased oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles associated with hindlimb unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roland R Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ikumi Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Radugina EA, Almeida EAC, Blaber E, Poplinskaya VA, Markitantova YV, Grigoryan EN. Exposure to microgravity for 30 days onboard Bion M1 caused muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration in murine femoral Quadriceps. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 16:18-25. [PMID: 29475516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical unloading in microgravity during spaceflight is known to cause muscular atrophy, changes in muscle fiber composition, gene expression, and reduction in regenerative muscle growth. Although some limited data exists for long-term effects of microgravity in human muscle, these processes have mostly been studied in rodents for short periods of time. Here we report on how long-term (30-day long) mechanical unloading in microgravity affects murine muscles of the femoral Quadriceps group. To conduct these studies we used muscle tissue from 6 microgravity mice, in comparison to habitat (7), and vivarium (14) ground control mice from the NASA Biospecimen Sharing Program conducted in collaboration with the Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, during the Russian Bion M1 biosatellite mission in 2013. Muscle histomorphology from microgravity specimens showed signs of extensive atrophy and regenerative hypoplasia relative to ground controls. Specifically, we observed a two-fold decrease in the number of myonuclei, compared to vivarium and ground controls, and central location of myonuclei, low density of myofibers in the tissue, and of myofibrils within a fiber, as well as fragmentation and swelling of myofibers. Despite obvious atrophy, muscle regeneration nevertheless appeared to have continued after 30 days in microgravity as evidenced by thin and short newly formed myofibers. Many of them, however, showed evidence of apoptotic cells and myofibril degradation, suggesting that long-term unloading in microgravity may affect late stages of myofiber differentiation. Ground asynchronous and vivarium control animals demonstrated normal, well-developed tissue structure with sufficient blood and nerve supply and evidence of regenerative formation of new myofibers free of apoptotic nuclei. Regenerative activity of satellite cells in muscles was observed both in microgravity and ground control groups, using Pax7 and Myogenin immunolocalization, as well as Myogenin expression analysis. In addition, we have detected positive nuclear immunolocalization of c-Jun and c-Myc proteins indicating their sensitivity to changes in gravitational loading in a given model. In summary, long-term spaceflight in microgravity caused significant atrophy and degeneration of the femoral Quadriceps muscle group, and it may interfere with muscle regenerative processes by inducing apoptosis in newly-formed myofibrils during their differentiation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Radugina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - E A C Almeida
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E Blaber
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - V A Poplinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Y V Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - E N Grigoryan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Radugina E, Grigoryan E. Heat shock response and shape regulation during newt tail regeneration. J Therm Biol 2017; 71:171-179. [PMID: 29301687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating newt tail has recently been found to react to hypergravity in a stable and reproducible way - by curving downwards. Such morphogenetic effect of non-specific physical factor applied to a complex structure of an adult animal is a rare phenomenon with unknown molecular basis. For the first steps of unraveling this basis we've chosen heat shock proteins (HSPs) as promising candidates. Morphometrical analysis of tail regeneration was performed in aquarium (control), on substrate (relative hypergravity) and in aquarium under weekly application of heat shock. HSPs were inhibited pharmacologically during regeneration in aquarium and on substrate. Hsp70, 90 gene expression and protein localization were analyzed in the studied conditions. Weekly application of heat shock to newts regenerating tails in otherwise normal conditions led to development of curved tails (both upwards and downwards), suggesting that similar mechanisms are at play in both hypergravity-altered and heat shock-altered morphogenesis. Heat shock protein inhibitor KNK437 didn't affect tail shape during normal regeneration, but prevented the formation of tail curve in appropriate conditions. It was shown that HSP70 and HSP90 proteins are present in muscle and connective tissue of intact tails as well as regenerates, but only appear in epidermis in hypergravity-altered regenerates and heated tails. Based on our data, we hypothesize, that different external factors (e.g. hypergravity and heat shock) are received, analyzed and transmitted further to affect morphogenesis by similar mechanisms that utilize a set of HSP in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Radugina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS (IDB RAS), 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - Eleonora Grigoryan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS (IDB RAS), 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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10
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Takemura A, Ishihara A. Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Decreased Oxidative Capacity of Spinal Motoneurons Innervating the Soleus Muscle of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2336-44. [PMID: 27220333 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rats with type 2 diabetes exhibit decreased oxidative capacity, such as reduced oxidative enzyme activity, low-intensity staining for oxidative enzymes in fibers, and no high-oxidative type IIA fibers, in the skeletal muscle, especially in the soleus muscle. In contrast, there are no data available concerning the oxidative capacity of spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes. This study examined the oxidative capacity of motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle of non-obese rats with type 2 diabetes. In addition, this study examined the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1.25 atmospheres absolute with 36 % oxygen for 10 weeks on the oxidative capacity of motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle because mild hyperbaric oxygen improves the decreased oxidative capacity of the soleus muscle in non-obese rats with type 2 diabetes. Spinal motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle were identified using nuclear yellow, a retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracer. Thereafter, the cell body sizes and succinate dehydrogenase activity of identified motoneurons were analyzed. Decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of small-sized alpha motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle was observed in rats with type 2 diabetes. The decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of these motoneurons was improved by mild hyperbaric oxygen. Therefore, we concluded that rats with type 2 diabetes have decreased oxidative capacity in motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle and this decreased oxidative capacity is improved by mild hyperbaric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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11
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Gritsyna YV, Abdusalamova ZR, Vikhlyantsev IM, Ulanova AD, Shenkman BS, Podlubnaya ZA, Kozlovskaya IB. Changes in gene expression and content of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in striated muscles of mice after 30-day space flight on the biosatellite Bion-M1. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 463:199-202. [PMID: 26335811 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Gritsyna
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia
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12
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Ishihara A, Nagatomo F, Terada M, Fujino H, Kondo H, Ishioka N. Effects of microgravity on the mouse triceps brachii muscle. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:63-8. [PMID: 25307981 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we investigated the effects of microgravity on the fiber properties of the mouse triceps brachii, a forelimb muscle that has no antigravity function. METHODS Mice (n = 7) were exposed to microgravity for 13 days on the space shuttle Atlantis (Space Transportation System-135). The fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining intensity of the triceps brachii muscle were compared with those of controls (n = 7). SDH activity in this muscle was also estimated. RESULTS Microgravity did not affect the body weight, muscle weight, or fiber CSA, but there was reduced SDH staining intensity of all types of fibers, irrespective of the muscle region (P < 0.05). Microgravity also reduced muscle SDH activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to microgravity induced a decrease in oxidative capacity, but not atrophy, in the triceps brachii muscle of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
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Brinkmeier H, Ohlendieck K. Chaperoning heat shock proteins: Proteomic analysis and relevance for normal and dystrophin-deficient muscle. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:875-95. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology; National University of Ireland; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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14
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Decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of gamma and alpha motoneurons in mouse spinal cords following 13 weeks of exposure to microgravity. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2160-7. [PMID: 23943522 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell body size and succinate dehydrogenase activity of motoneurons in the dorsolateral region of the ventral horn in the lumbar and cervical segments of the mouse spinal cord were assessed after long-term exposure to microgravity and compared with those of ground-based controls. Mice were housed in a mouse drawer system on the International Space Station for 13 weeks. The mice were transported to the International Space Station by the Space Shuttle Discovery and returned to Earth by the Space Shuttle Atlantis. No changes in the cell body size of motoneurons were observed in either segment after exposure to microgravity, but succinate dehydrogenase activity of small-sized (<300 μm(2)) gamma and medium-sized (300-700 μm(2)) alpha motoneurons, which have higher succinate dehydrogenase activity than large-sized (>700 μm(2)) alpha motoneurons, in both segments was lower than that of ground-based controls. We concluded that exposure to microgravity for longer than 3 months induced decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of both gamma and slow-type alpha motoneurons. In particular, the decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity of gamma motoneurons was observed only after long-term exposure to microgravity.
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15
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Middleton RC, Shelden EA. Small heat shock protein HSPB1 regulates growth of embryonic zebrafish craniofacial muscles. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:860-74. [PMID: 23313812 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HspB1 (Hsp27) is abundantly expressed in embryonic muscle tissues of a wide variety of vertebrate species. However, the functional significance of this expression pattern is not well established. In the present study, we observed specific, high level expression of HspB1 protein and an HspB1 gene reporter in developing craniofacial muscles of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, and examined the consequences of reducing HspB1 expression to the development and growth of these muscles. Quantitative morphometric analyses revealed a reduction in the cross-sectional area of myofibers in embryos expressing reduced HspB1 levels by as much as 47% compared to controls. In contrast, we detected no differences in the number of myofibrils or associated nuclei, nor the number, size or development of chondrocytes in surrounding tissues. We also did not detect changes to the overall organization of sarcomeres or myofibrils in embryos expressing reduced levels of HspB1. Together our results reveal a critical role for HspB1 in the growth of myofibrils and provide new insight into the mechanism underlying its developmental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Middleton
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Huin-Schohn C, Guéguinou N, Schenten V, Bascove M, Koch GG, Baatout S, Tschirhart E, Frippiat JP. Gravity changes during animal development affect IgM heavy-chain transcription and probably lymphopoiesis. FASEB J 2012; 27:333-41. [PMID: 22993194 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-217547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that spaceflight conditions affect antibody production in response to an antigenic stimulation in adult amphibians. Here, we investigated whether antibody synthesis is affected when animal development occurs onboard a space station. To answer this question, embryos of the Iberian ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl, were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) before the initiation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain expression. Thus, antibody synthesis began in space. On landing, we determined the effects of spaceflight on P. waltl development and IgM heavy-chain transcription. Results were compared with those obtained using embryos that developed on Earth. We find that IgM heavy-chain transcription is doubled at landing and that spaceflight does not affect P. waltl development and does not induce inflammation. We also recreated the environmental modifications encountered by the embryos during their development onboard the ISS. This strategy allowed us to demonstrate that gravity change is the factor responsible for antibody heavy-chain transcription modifications that are associated with NF-κB mRNA level variations. Taken together, and given that the larvae were not immunized, these data suggest a modification of lymphopoiesis when gravity changes occur during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huin-Schohn
- Department of Development and Immunogenetics, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Lomonosova YN, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. Attenuation of unloading-induced rat soleus atrophy with the heat-shock protein inducer 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. FASEB J 2012; 26:4295-301. [PMID: 22751006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-204412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that pharmacological induction of HSP70 would attenuate soleus atrophy development under 3 d of rat hindlimb unloading. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C; n=7), 3-d hindlimb unloading (HUL; n=7), HUL with HSP90 inducer administration, 17-allylamino-17-emethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG; 60 mg/kg, HUL+17-AAG, n=8). The relative weight of soleus muscle to body weight [soleus wt (mg)/body wt (g)] in the HUL group was less than that of the C and HUL+17-AAG groups (P<0.05). We revealed HSP90, HSP70 mRNA decrease in the HUL group (but not the HUL+17-AAG group) vs. C (P<0.05). The unloading resulted in significant increases of μ-calpain and conjugated ubiquitin (Ub) levels (proteins as well as mRNAs) vs. the C group, whereas 17-AAG administration prevented these alterations (studied by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR). pFOXO3 protein was decreased in the HUL group vs. C, but not in HUL+17-AAG. Content of E3-lygase (MuRF-1, MAFbx) mRNA was increased in both suspended groups. In summary, 17-AAG administration attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, μ-calpain, and Ub increases under hindlimb unloading as well as decrease of pFOXO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia N Lomonosova
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117191 Lomonosovsky pr. 31/5, Moscow, Russia
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Sandonà D, Desaphy JF, Camerino GM, Bianchini E, Ciciliot S, Danieli-Betto D, Dobrowolny G, Furlan S, Germinario E, Goto K, Gutsmann M, Kawano F, Nakai N, Ohira T, Ohno Y, Picard A, Salanova M, Schiffl G, Blottner D, Musarò A, Ohira Y, Betto R, Conte D, Schiaffino S. Adaptation of mouse skeletal muscle to long-term microgravity in the MDS mission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33232. [PMID: 22470446 PMCID: PMC3314659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of microgravity on skeletal muscles has so far been examined in rat and mice only after short-term (5–20 day) spaceflights. The mice drawer system (MDS) program, sponsored by Italian Space Agency, for the first time aimed to investigate the consequences of long-term (91 days) exposure to microgravity in mice within the International Space Station. Muscle atrophy was present indistinctly in all fiber types of the slow-twitch soleus muscle, but was only slightly greater than that observed after 20 days of spaceflight. Myosin heavy chain analysis indicated a concomitant slow-to-fast transition of soleus. In addition, spaceflight induced translocation of sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) into the cytosol in soleus but not in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Most of the sarcolemmal ion channel subunits were up-regulated, more in soleus than EDL, whereas Ca2+-activated K+ channels were down-regulated, consistent with the phenotype transition. Gene expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin-ligases was up-regulated in both spaceflown soleus and EDL muscles, whereas autophagy genes were in the control range. Muscle-specific IGF-1 and interleukin-6 were down-regulated in soleus but up-regulated in EDL. Also, various stress-related genes were up-regulated in spaceflown EDL, not in soleus. Altogether, these results suggest that EDL muscle may resist to microgravity-induced atrophy by activating compensatory and protective pathways. Our study shows the extended sensitivity of antigravity soleus muscle after prolonged exposition to microgravity, suggests possible mechanisms accounting for the resistance of EDL, and individuates some molecular targets for the development of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulia M. Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, IIM, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlan
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Martina Gutsmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anne Picard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Salanova
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schiffl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, IIM, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Romeo Betto
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
| | - Diana Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Bari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
| | - Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
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Lomonosova YN, Kalamkarov GR, Bugrova AE, Shevchenko TF, Kartashkina NL, Lysenko EA, Shvets VI, Nemirovskaya TL. Protective effect of L-arginine administration on proteins of unloaded m. soleus. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:571-80. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Takahashi A, Suzuki H, Omori K, Seki M, Hashizume T, Shimazu T, Ishioka N, Ohnishi T. The expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines during spaceflight. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:669-81. [PMID: 20673130 DOI: 10.3109/09553001003789596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The space environment contains two major biologically significant influences; space radiations and microgravity. The 53 kDa tumour suppressor protein (p53) plays a role as a guardian of the genome through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to clarify the biological effects of space radiations, microgravity, and the space environment on the gene expression of p53-regulated genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Space experiments were performed with two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines; one line (TSCE5) bears a wild-type p53 gene status, and another line (WTK1) bears a mutated p53 gene status. Under one gravity or microgravity conditions, the cells were grown in the cell biology experimental facility (CBEF) of the International Space Station for 8 days without experiencing stress during launching and landing because the cells were frozen during these periods. Ground control samples also were cultured for 8 days in the CBEF on the ground during the spaceflight. Gene expression was analysed using an Agilent Technologies 44 k whole human genome microarray DNA chip. RESULTS p53-dependent up-regulated gene expression was observed for 111, 95, and 328 genes and p53-dependent down-regulated gene expression was found for 177, 16, and 282 genes after exposure to space radiations, to microgravity, and to both, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data provide the p53-dependent regulated genes by exposure to radiations and/or microgravity during spaceflight. Our expression data revealed genes that might help to advance the basic space radiation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Takahashi
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Takahashi A, Nagamatsu A, Su X, Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Omori K, Suzuki H, Shimazu T, Seki M, Hashizume T, Iwasaki T, Ishioka N, Ohnishi T. The First Life Science Experiments in ISS: Reports of "Rad Gene"-Space Radiation Effects on Human Cultured Cells-. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.24.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tucker NR, Ustyugov A, Bryantsev AL, Konkel ME, Shelden EA. Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:521-33. [PMID: 19238587 PMCID: PMC2728285 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of Hsp27 has been demonstrated in vertebrate embryos, especially in developing skeletal and cardiac muscle. Results of several previous studies have indicated that Hsp27 could play a role in the development of these tissues. For example, inhibition of Hsp27 expression has been reported to cause defective development of mammalian myoblasts in vitro and frog embryos in vivo. In contrast, transgenic mice lacking Hsp27 develop normally. Here, we examined the distribution of Hsp27 protein in developing and adult zebrafish and effects of suppressing Hsp27 expression using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMO) on zebrafish development. Consistent with our previous analysis of hsp27 messenger RNA expression, we detected the protein Hsp27 in cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle of both embryonic and adult zebrafish. However, embryos lacking detectable Hsp27 after injection of antisense hsp27 PMO exhibited comparable heart beat rates to that of control embryos and cardiac morphology was indistinguishable in the presence or absence of Hsp27. Loss of Hsp27 also had no effect on the structure of the skeletal muscle myotomes in the developing embryo. Finally, embryos injected with antisense hsp27 and scrambled control PMO displayed equal motility. We conclude that Hsp27 is dispensable for zebrafish morphogenesis but could play a role in long-term maintenance of heart and muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Tucker
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Alexey Ustyugov
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Anton L. Bryantsev
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Eric. A. Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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