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Lin Y, Moyle AB, Beaumont VA, Liu LL, Polleck S, Liu H, Shi H, Rouse JC, Kim HY, Zhang Y, Gross ML. Characterization of Higher Order Structural Changes of a Thermally Stressed Monoclonal Antibody via Mass Spectrometry Footprinting and Other Biophysical Approaches. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16840-16849. [PMID: 37933954 PMCID: PMC10909587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing changes in the higher order structure (HOS) of monoclonal antibodies upon stressed conditions is critical to gaining a better understanding of the product and process. One single biophysical approach may not be best suited to assess HOS comprehensively; thus, the synergy from multiple, complementary approaches improves characterization accuracy and resolution. In this study, we employed two mass spectrometry (MS )-based footprinting techniques, namely, fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP)-MS and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX)-MS, supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study changes to the HOS of a mAb upon thermal stress. The biophysical techniques report a nuanced characterization of the HOS in which CD detects no changes to the secondary or tertiary structure, yet DLS measurements show an increase in the hydrodynamic radius. DSC indicates that the stability decreases, and chemical or conformational changes accumulate with incubation time according to NMR. Furthermore, whereas HDX-MS does not indicate HOS changes, FPOP-MS footprinting reveals conformational changes at residue resolution for some amino acids. The local phenomena observed with FPOP-MS indicate that several residues show various patterns of degradation during thermal stress: no change, an increase in solvent exposure, and a biphasic response to solvent exposure. All evidences show that FPOP-MS efficiently resolves subtle structural changes and novel degradation pathways upon thermal stress treatment at residue-level resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63105, United States
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63105, United States
| | - Victor A Beaumont
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecules, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Sandwich CT13 9FF, U.K
| | - Lucy L Liu
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Sharon Polleck
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63105, United States
| | - Heliang Shi
- Global Product Development, Rare Disease Statistics, Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York 10017, United States
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Hai-Young Kim
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63105, United States
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Brown KA, Lento C, Rajendran S, Dowd J, Wilson DJ. Epitope Mapping for a Preclinical Bevacizumab (Avastin) Biosimilar on an Extended Construct of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Using Millisecond Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2776-2781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerene A. Brown
- Chemistry Department, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- The Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Cristina Lento
- Chemistry Department, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- The Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Shanthi Rajendran
- Apobiologix (division of Apotex Inc.), 4100 Weston Road, Toronto, ON M9L 2Y6, Canada
| | - Jason Dowd
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1002, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Derek J. Wilson
- Chemistry Department, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- The Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada
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Garcia NK, Sreedhara A, Deperalta G, Wecksler AT. Optimizing Hydroxyl Radical Footprinting Analysis of Biotherapeutics Using Internal Standard Dosimetry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1563-1571. [PMID: 32407079 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectrometry (HRF-MS) is a powerful technique for measuring protein structure by quantitating the solvent accessibility of amino acid side-chains; and when used in comparative analysis, HRF-MS data can provide detailed information on changes in protein structure. However, consistently controlling the amount of hydroxyl radical labeling of a protein requires the precise understanding of both the amount of radicals generated and half-life of the radicals in solution. The latter is particularly important for applications such as protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, which may have different characteristics such as intrinsic reactivity and buffer components, and can cause differences in radical scavenging (herein termed "scavenging potential") between samples. To address this inherent challenge with HRF-MS analysis, we describe the comprehensive implementation of an internal standard (IS) dosimeter peptide leucine enkephalin (LeuEnk) for measuring the scavenging potential of pharmaceutically relevant proteins and formulation components. This further enabled evaluation of the critical method parameters affecting the scavenging potential of samples subjected to HRF-MS using fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. We demonstrate a direct correlation between the oxidation of the IS peptide and biotherapeutic target proteins, and show the oxidation of the IS can be used as a guide for ensuring equivalent scavenging potentials when comparing multiple samples. Establishing this strategy enables optimization of sample parameters, a system suitability approach, normalization of data, and comparison/harmonization of HRF-MS analysis across different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Garcia
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alavattam Sreedhara
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Na S, Paek E. Computational methods in mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics for studying protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1391-1402. [PMID: 32637038 PMCID: PMC7322682 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has made enormous contributions to comprehensive protein identification and quantification in proteomics. MS is also gaining momentum for structural biology in a variety of ways, complementing conventional structural biology techniques. Here, we will review how MS-based techniques, such as hydrogen/deuterium exchange, covalent labeling, and chemical cross-linking, enable the characterization of protein structure, dynamics, and interactions, especially from a perspective of their data analyses. Structural information encoded by chemical probes in intact proteins is decoded by interpreting MS data at a peptide level, i.e., revealing conformational and dynamic changes in local regions of proteins. The structural MS data are not amenable to data analyses in traditional proteomics workflow, requiring dedicated software for each type of data. We first provide basic principles of data interpretation, including isotopic distribution and peptide sequencing. We then focus particularly on computational methods for structural MS data analyses and discuss outstanding challenges in a proteome-wide large scale analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Na
- Dept. of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Paek
- Dept. of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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