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Hu L, Li X, Li C, Wang L, Han L, Ni W, Zhou P, Hu S. Characterization of a novel multifunctional glycoside hydrolase family in the metagenome-assembled genomes of horse gut. Gene 2024:148758. [PMID: 38977109 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a treasure trove of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). To explore novel and efficient CAZymes, we analyzed the 4,142 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of the horse gut microbiota and found the MAG117.bin13 genome (Bacteroides fragilis) contains the highest number of polysaccharide utilisation loci sites (PULs), indicating its high capability for carbohydrate degradation. Bioinformatics analysis indicate that the PULs region of the MAG117.bin13 genome encodes many hypothetical proteins, which are important sources for exploring novel CAZymes. Interestingly, we discovered a hypothetical protein (595 amino acids). This protein exhibits potential CAZymes activity and has a lower similarity to CAZymes, we named it BfLac2275. We purified the protein using prokaryotic expression technology and studied its enzymatic function. The hydrolysis experiment of the polysaccharide substrate showed that the BfLac2275 protein has the ability to degrade α-lactose (156.94 U/mg), maltose (92.59 U/mg), raffinose (86.81 U/mg), and hyaluronic acid (5.71 U/mg). The enzyme activity is optimal at pH 5.0 and 30 ℃, indicating that the hypothetical protein BfLac2275 is a novel and multifunctional CAZymes in the glycoside hydrolases (GHs). These properties indicate that BfLac2275 has broad application prospects in many fields such as plant polysaccharide decomposition, food industry, animal feed additives and enzyme preparations. This study not only serves as a reference for exploring novel CAZymes encoded by gut microbiota but also provides an example for further studying the functional annotation of hypothetical genes in metagenomic assembly genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cunyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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Tao J, Song S, Qu C. Recent Progress on Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass by MOF-Immobilized Enzyme. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1010. [PMID: 38611268 PMCID: PMC11013631 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzyme catalysis conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable chemicals and fuels showed a bright outlook for replacing fossil resources. However, the high cost and easy deactivation of free enzymes restrict the conversion process. Immobilization of enzymes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is one of the most promising strategies due to MOF materials' tunable building units, multiple pore structures, and excellent biocompatibility. Also, MOFs are ideal support materials and could enhance the stability and reusability of enzymes. In this paper, recent progress on the conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by MOF-immobilized enzymes is extensively reviewed. This paper focuses on the immobilized enzyme performances and enzymatic mechanism. Finally, the challenges of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by MOF-immobilized enzyme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Shengjie Song
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Chen Qu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 9808577, Japan
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Zhao S, Deng D, Wan T, Feng J, Deng L, Tian Q, Wang J, Aiman UE, Mukhaddi B, Hu X, Chen S, Qiu L, Huang L, Wei Y. Lignin bioconversion based on genome mining for ligninolytic genes in Erwinia billingiae QL-Z3. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38360683 PMCID: PMC10870720 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioconversion of plant biomass into biofuels and bio-products produces large amounts of lignin. The aromatic biopolymers need to be degraded before being converted into value-added bio-products. Microbes can be environment-friendly and efficiently degrade lignin. Compared to fungi, bacteria have some advantages in lignin degradation, including broad tolerance to pH, temperature, and oxygen and the toolkit for genetic manipulation. RESULTS Our previous study isolated a novel ligninolytic bacterial strain Erwinia billingiae QL-Z3. Under optimized conditions, its rate of lignin degradation was 25.24% at 1.5 g/L lignin as the sole carbon source. Whole genome sequencing revealed 4556 genes in the genome of QL-Z3. Among 4428 protein-coding genes are 139 CAZyme genes, including 54 glycoside hydrolase (GH) and 16 auxiliary activity (AA) genes. In addition, 74 genes encoding extracellular enzymes are potentially involved in lignin degradation. Real-time PCR quantification demonstrated that the expression of potential ligninolytic genes were significantly induced by lignin. 8 knock-out mutants and complementary strains were constructed. Disruption of the gene for ELAC_205 (laccase) as well as EDYP_48 (Dyp-type peroxidase), ESOD_1236 (superoxide dismutase), EDIO_858 (dioxygenase), EMON_3330 (monooxygenase), or EMCAT_3587 (manganese catalase) significantly reduced the lignin-degrading activity of QL-Z3 by 47-69%. Heterologously expressed and purified enzymes further confirmed their role in lignin degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the lignin structure was damaged, the benzene ring structure and groups of macromolecules were opened, and the chemical bond was broken under the action of six enzymes encoded by genes. The abundant enzymatic metabolic products by EDYP_48, ELAC_205 and ESOD_1236 were systematically analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and then provide a speculative pathway for lignin biodegradation. Finally, The activities of ligninolytic enzymes from fermentation supernatant, namely, LiP, MnP and Lac were 367.50 U/L, 839.50 U/L, and 219.00 U/L by orthogonal optimization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide that QL-Z3 and its enzymes have the potential for industrial application and hold great promise for the bioconversion of lignin into bioproducts in lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongtao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzheng Wan
- Vrije University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Umm E Aiman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Balym Mukhaddi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 20030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, The West Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Rural Renewable Energy Exploitation and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Cuebas‐Irizarry MF, Grunden AM. Streptomyces spp. as biocatalyst sources in pulp and paper and textile industries: Biodegradation, bioconversion and valorization of waste. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14258. [PMID: 37017414 PMCID: PMC10832569 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex polymers represent a challenge for remediating environmental pollution and an opportunity for microbial-catalysed conversion to generate valorized chemicals. Members of the genus Streptomyces are of interest because of their potential use in biotechnological applications. Their versatility makes them excellent sources of biocatalysts for environmentally responsible bioconversion, as they have a broad substrate range and are active over a wide range of pH and temperature. Most Streptomyces studies have focused on the isolation of strains, recombinant work and enzyme characterization for evaluating their potential for biotechnological application. This review discusses reports of Streptomyces-based technologies for use in the textile and pulp-milling industry and describes the challenges and recent advances aimed at achieving better biodegradation methods featuring these microbial catalysts. The principal points to be discussed are (1) Streptomyces' enzymes for use in dye decolorization and lignocellulosic biodegradation, (2) biotechnological processes for textile and pulp and paper waste treatment and (3) challenges and advances for textile and pulp and paper effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara F. Cuebas‐Irizarry
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityPlant Sciences Building Rm 2323, 840 Oval DrRaleighNorth Carolina27606USA
| | - Amy M. Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityPlant Sciences Building Rm 2323, 840 Oval DrRaleighNorth Carolina27606USA
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Zhang S, Dong Z, Shi J, Yang C, Fang Y, Chen G, Chen H, Tian C. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover lignin by laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127699. [PMID: 35905874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin of high purity and structural integrity was isolated from the enzymatic residue of corn stover. Degradation of the lignin by laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase was investigated. Structural changes in the lignin after degradation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the enzymatic products were systematically analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The highest percentage of lignin degradation was obtained with a mixture of three enzymes (25.79%): laccase (Lac), the starting enzyme of the mixed enzyme reaction, worked with lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) to further degrade lignin. This degradation destroyed the macromolecular structure of lignin, broke its key chemical bonds, and opened benzene rings, thus producing more acidic compounds. This study elucidated the concept of degrading lignin from corn stover using the Lac, LiP and MnP enzymes synergistically, thus providing a theoretical basis for the biodegradation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chengrui Yang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Shao Q, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Fan H, Wei D. Investigations on the Fusants From Wide Cross Between White-Rot Fungi and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveal Unknown Lignin Degradation Mechanism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935462. [PMID: 35898904 PMCID: PMC9310788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of lignocellulose by fungi, especially white-rot fungi, contributes a lot to carbon cycle, bio-fuel production, and many other bio-based applications. However, the existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation mechanisms cannot be unequivocally supported by in vitro simulation experiment, meaning that additional mechanisms might exist. Right now, it is still very difficult to discover new mechanisms with traditional forward genetic approaches. To disclose novel lignin degradation mechanisms in white-rot fungi, a series of fusants from wide cross by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus, a well-known lignin-degrading fungus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-known model organism unable to degrade lignocellulose, was investigated regarding their abilities to degrade lignin. By analyzing the activity of traditional lignin-degrading enzyme, the ability to utilize pure lignin compounds and degrade corn stalk, a fusant D1-P was screened out and proved not to contain well-recognized lignin-degrading enzyme genes by whole-genome sequencing. Further investigation with two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shows that D1-P was found to be able to degrade the main lignin structure β-O-4 linkage, leading to reduced level of this structure like that of the wild-type strain P. ostreatus after a 30-day semi-solid fermentation. It was also found that D1-P shows a degradation preference to β-O-4 linkage in Aβ(S)-threo. Therefore, wide cross between white-rot fungi and S. cerevisiae provides a powerful tool to uncover novel lignocellulose degradation mechanism that will contribute to green utilization of lignocellulose to produce bio-fuel and related bio-based refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Agro-Products Preservation and Processing Technology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Preservation and Processing Technology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Tianjin Tianren Century Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Fan,
| | - Dongsheng Wei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Dongsheng Wei,
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Xiao F, Xu W, Hong N, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang G. A Secreted Lignin Peroxidase Required for Fungal Growth and Virulence and Related to Plant Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6066. [PMID: 35682745 PMCID: PMC9181491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeria spp. are important phytopathogenic fungi that infect a wide range of woody plants, resulting in big losses worldwide each year. However, their pathogenetic mechanisms and the related virulence factors are rarely addressed. In this study, seven lignin peroxidase (LiP) paralogs were detected in Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai, named BkLiP1 to BkLiP7, respectively, while only BkLiP1 was identified as responsible for the vegetative growth and virulence of B. kuwatsukai as assessed in combination with knock-out, complementation, and overexpression approaches. Moreover, BkLiP1, with the aid of a signal peptide (SP), is translocated onto the cell wall of B. kuwatsukai and secreted into the apoplast space of plant cells as expressed in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, which can behave as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) to trigger the defense response of plants, including cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, callose deposition, and immunity-related genes up-regulated. It supports the conclusion that BkLiP1 plays an important role in the virulence and vegetative growth of B. kuwatsukai and alternatively behaves as an MAMP to induce plant cell death used for the fungal version, which contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of Botryosphaeria fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxing Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ni Hong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongle Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.X.); (W.X.); (N.H.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology, and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Dye Decoloring Peroxidase Structure, Catalytic Properties and Applications: Current Advancement and Futurity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye decoloring peroxidases (DyPs) were named after their high efficiency to decolorize and degrade a wide range of dyes. DyPs are a type of heme peroxidase and are quite different from known heme peroxidases in terms of amino acid sequences, protein structure, catalytic residues, and physical and chemical properties. DyPs oxidize polycyclic dyes and phenolic compounds. Thus they find high application potentials in dealing with environmental problems. The structure and catalytic characteristics of DyPs of different families from the amino acid sequence, protein structure, and enzymatic properties, and analyzes the high-efficiency degradation ability of some DyPs in dye and lignin degradation, which vary greatly among DyPs classes. In addition, application prospects of DyPs in biomedicine and other fields are also discussed briefly. At the same time, the research strategy based on genetic engineering and synthetic biology in improving the stability and catalytic activity of DyPs are summarized along with the important industrial applications of DyPs and associated challenges. Moreover, according to the current research findings, bringing DyPs to the industrial level may require improving the catalytic efficiency of DyP, increasing production, and enhancing alkali resistance and toxicity.
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