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Li B, Zhang B, Zhang F, Liu X, Zhang Y, Peng W, Teng D, Mao R, Yang N, Hao Y, Wang J. Interaction between Dietary Lactoferrin and Gut Microbiota in Host Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7596-7606. [PMID: 38557058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota are known to play an important role in host health and disease. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition can disrupt the stability of the gut ecosystem, which may result in noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCDs). Remodeling the gut microbiota through personalized nutrition is a novel therapeutic avenue for both disease control and prevention. However, whether there are commonly used gut microbiota-targeted diets and how gut microbiota-diet interactions combat NCCDs and improve health remain questions to be addressed. Lactoferrin (LF), which is broadly used in dietary supplements, acts not only as an antimicrobial in the defense against enteropathogenic bacteria but also as a prebiotic to propagate certain probiotics. Thus, LF-induced gut microbiota alterations can be harnessed to induce changes in host physiology, and the underpinnings of their relationships and mechanisms are beginning to unravel in studies involving humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Weifeng Peng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, PR China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Regueiro U, López-López M, Varela-Fernández R, Otero-Espinar FJ, Lema I. Biomedical Applications of Lactoferrin on the Ocular Surface. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030865. [PMID: 36986726 PMCID: PMC10052036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a first-line defense protein with a pleiotropic functional pattern that includes anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumoral properties. Remarkably, this iron-binding glycoprotein promotes iron retention, restricting free radical production and avoiding oxidative damage and inflammation. On the ocular surface, LF is released from corneal epithelial cells and lacrimal glands, representing a significant percentage of the total tear fluid proteins. Due to its multifunctionality, the availability of LF may be limited in several ocular disorders. Consequently, to reinforce the action of this highly beneficial glycoprotein on the ocular surface, LF has been proposed for the treatment of different conditions such as dry eye, keratoconus, conjunctivitis, and viral or bacterial ocular infections, among others. In this review, we outline the structure and the biological functions of LF, its relevant role at the ocular surface, its implication in LF-related ocular surface disorders, and its potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Regueiro
- Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maite López-López
- Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Fernández
- Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.O.-E.); (I.L.)
| | - Isabel Lema
- Corneal Neurodegeneration Group (RENOIR), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Institute of Ophthalmology (INGO), Conxo Provincial Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.O.-E.); (I.L.)
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Evaluation of the antimicrobial attribute of bioactive peptides derived from colostrum whey fermented by Lactobacillus against diarrheagenic E. coli strains. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:211-221. [PMID: 36259044 PMCID: PMC9559551 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum known as "liquid gold" contains approximately 60-80% of whey proteins that can be a great source of bioactive peptide production. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a comparative antimicrobial evaluation of the bioactive peptide generated from L. rhamnosus C25, L. rhamnosus C6, and L. casei NCDC17 fermented colostrum whey. Peptide fractions 10 kDa, 5 kDa, and 3 kDa were isolated using their respective molecular weight cut-off membranes and antimicrobial activity was evaluated against diarrheagenic E. coli strains. The higher inhibition was shown by < 10 kDa peptide fractions from L. rhamnosus C25 fermented colostrum whey and the zone of inhibition was 15 ± 0.06 (E. coli MTCC 723), 17 ± 0.04 (E. coli MTCC 724), 18 ± 0.05 (E. coli MTCC 725), and 17 ± 0.02 (E. coli ATCC 25922). In addition, ST-1 and LT-1 genes of E. coli strains were also confirmed using PCR which is responsible for the diarrheagenic property. Further, the interaction of potent peptides against E. coli strains was also observed by scanning electron microscope. Hence, the significance of the present study emphasized that these bioactive peptides generated from fermented colostrum whey can be used as ingredients in functional food against diarrhoea.
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Design and Evaluation of Short Bovine Lactoferrin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081085. [PMID: 36009954 PMCID: PMC9404989 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium has become an important drug-resistant nosocomial pathogen because of widespread antibiotic abuse. We developed short and chemically simple antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a selective amino acid composition, fixed charge, and hydrophobicity ratio based on the core antimicrobial motif of bovine lactoferrin (LfcinB6). Among these peptides, 5L and 6L (both 12 residues long) demonstrated a narrow spectrum and high antibacterial activity against drug-resistant E. faecium isolates with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) that ranged from 4–16 µg/mL. At 32 µg/mL, peptides 5L and 6L inhibited E. faecium strain C68 biofilm formation by 90% and disrupted established biofilms by 75%. At 40 µg/mL, 5L reduced 1 × 107E. faecium persister cells by 3 logs within 120 min of exposure, whereas 6L eliminated all persister cells within 60 min. At 0.5× MIC, 5L and 6L significantly downregulated the expression of a crucial biofilm gene ace by 8 folds (p = 0.02) and 4 folds (p = 0.01), respectively. At 32 µg/mL, peptides 5L and 6L both depolarized the E. faecium membrane, increased fluidity, and eventually ruptured the membrane. Physiologically, 5L (at 8 µg/mL) altered the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutathione, and purine metabolism. Interestingly, in an ex vivo model of porcine skin infection, compared to no treatment, 5L (at 10× MIC) effectively eliminated all 1 × 106 exponential (p = 0.0045) and persister E. faecium cells (p = 0.0002). In conclusion, the study outlines a roadmap for developing narrow-spectrum selective AMPs and presents peptide 5L as a potential therapeutic candidate to be explored against E. faecium.
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Darmawan KK, Karagiannis TC, Hughes JG, Small DM, Hung A. Molecular modeling of lactoferrin for food and nutraceutical applications: insights from in silico techniques. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9074-9097. [PMID: 35503258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a protein, primarily found in milk that has attracted the interest of the food industries due to its health properties. Nevertheless, the instability of lactoferrin has limited its commercial application. Recent studies have focused on encapsulation to enhance the stability of lactoferrin. However, the molecular insights underlying the changes of structural properties of lactoferrin and the interaction with protectants remain poorly understood. Computational approaches have proven useful in understanding the structural properties of molecules and the key binding with other constituents. In this review, comprehensive information on the structure and function of lactoferrin and the binding with various molecules for food purposes are reviewed, with a special emphasis on the use of molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate the application of modeling and simulations to determine key residues of lactoferrin responsible for its stability and interactions with other biomolecular components under various conditions, which are also associated with its functional benefits. These have also been extended into the potential creation of enhanced lactoferrin for commercial purposes. This review provides valuable strategies in designing novel nutraceuticals for food science practitioners and those who have interests in acquiring familiarity with the application of computational modeling for food and health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevion K Darmawan
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeff G Hughes
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darryl M Small
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Avery TM, Boone RL, Lu J, Spicer SK, Guevara MA, Moore RE, Chambers SA, Manning SD, Dent L, Marshall D, Damo SM, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Analysis of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Human Milk Lactoferrin Compared to Bovine Lactoferrin against Multidrug Resistant and Susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2116-2126. [PMID: 34105954 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The emergence of multi- and pan-drug resistant strains of A. baumannii from clinical sources has confounded treatment and enhanced morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. One way that A. baumannii circumnavigates environmental and antimicrobial challenge is by forming tertiary architectural structures of cells known as biofilms. Biofilm-inhibiting molecules could be deployed as a potential chemotherapeutic strategy to inhibit or disrupt A. baumannii biofilms and mitigate adverse outcomes due to infection. Lactoferrin is an innate immune glycoprotein produced in high concentrations in both human and bovine milk which has previously been shown to have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. We sought to test lactoferrin against a bank of clinical isolates of A. baumannii to determine changes in bacterial growth or biofilm formation. Our results indicate that human lactoferrin has slightly more potent antibacterial activities than bovine lactoferrin against certain strains of A. baumannii and that these effects are associated with anatomical site of isolation. Additionally, we have shown that both bovine and human lactoferrin can inhibit A. baumannii biofilm formation and that these effects are associated with anatomical site of isolation and whether the strain forms robust or weak biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyra M. Avery
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Talley-Brady Hall, 1000 17th Ave. N, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - RaNashia L. Boone
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Talley-Brady Hall, 1000 17th Ave. N, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Sabrina K. Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Miriam A. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Schuyler A. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Leon Dent
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Trauma Services, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, Georgia 31701, United States
| | - Dana Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Talley-Brady Hall, 1000 17th Ave. N, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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Rascón-Cruz Q, Espinoza-Sánchez EA, Siqueiros-Cendón TS, Nakamura-Bencomo SI, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Iglesias-Figueroa BF. Lactoferrin: A Glycoprotein Involved in Immunomodulation, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Processes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010205. [PMID: 33401580 PMCID: PMC7795860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein with multiple roles in the body. Its participation in apoptotic processes in cancer cells, its ability to modulate various reactions of the immune system, and its activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, including respiratory viruses, have made it a protein of broad interest in pharmaceutical and food research and industry. In this review, we have focused on describing the most important functions of lactoferrin and the possible mechanisms of action that lead to its function.
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