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Dhameliya TM, Vekariya DD, Bhatt PR, Kachroo T, Virani KD, Patel KR, Bhatt S, Dholakia SP. Synthetic account on indoles and their analogues as potential anti-plasmodial agents. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8. [PMID: 38709459 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria caused by P. falciparum, has been recognized as one of the major infectious diseases causing the death of several patients as per the reports from the World Health Organization. In search of effective therapeutic agents against malaria, several research groups have started working on the design and development of novel heterocycles as anti-malarial agents. Heterocycles have been recognized as the pharmacophoric features for the different types of medicinally important activities. Among all these heterocycles, nitrogen containing aza-heterocycles should not be underestimated owing to their wide therapeutic window. Amongst the aza-heterocycles, indoles and fused indoles such as marinoquinolines, isocryptolepines and their regioisomers, manzamines, neocryptolenines, and indolones have been recognized as anti-malarial agents active against P. falciparum. The present work unleashes the synthetic attempts of anti-malarial indoles and fused indoles through cyclocondensation, Fischer-indole synthesis, etc. along with the brief discussions on structure-activity relationships, in vitro or in vivo studies for the broader interest of these medicinal chemists, working on their design and development as potential anti-malarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India.
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Drashtiben D Vekariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja R Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Kachroo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kumkum D Virani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushi R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shelly Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip P Dholakia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
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2
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Singh Chauhan AN, Mali G, Dua G, Samant P, Kumar A, Erande RD. [RhCp*Cl 2] 2-Catalyzed Indole Functionalization: Synthesis of Bioinspired Indole-Fused Polycycles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27894-27919. [PMID: 37576617 PMCID: PMC10413382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic fused indoles are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals due to their immense structural diversity and biological inference, making them suitable for charting broader chemical space. Indole-based polycycles continue to be fascinating as well as challenging targets for synthetic fabrication because of their characteristic structural frameworks possessing biologically intriguing compounds of both natural and synthetic origin. As a result, an assortment of new chemical processes and catalytic routes has been established to provide unified access to these skeletons in a very efficient and selective manner. Transition-metal-catalyzed processes, in particular from rhodium(III), are widely used in synthetic endeavors to increase molecular complexity efficiently. In recent years, this has resulted in significant progress in reaching molecular scaffolds with enormous biological activity based on core indole skeletons. Additionally, Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization and benzannulation protocols of indole moieties were one of the most alluring synthetic techniques to generate indole-fused polycyclic molecules efficiently. This review sheds light on recent developments toward synthesizing fused indoles by cascade annulation methods using Rh(III)-[RhCp*Cl2]2-catalyzed pathways, which align with the comprehensive and sophisticated developments in the field of Rh(III)-catalyzed indole functionalization. Here, we looked at a few intriguing cascade-based synthetic designs catalyzed by Rh(III) that produced elaborate frameworks inspired by indole bioactivity. The review also strongly emphasizes mechanistic insights for reaching 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4-fused indole systems, focusing on Rh(III)-catalyzed routes. With an emphasis on synthetic efficiency and product diversity, synthetic methods of chosen polycyclic carbocycles and heterocycles with at least three fused, bridged, or spiro cages are reviewed. The newly created synthesis concepts or toolkits for accessing diazepine, indol-ones, carbazoles, and benzo-indoles, as well as illustrative privileged synthetic techniques, are included in the featured collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanshyam Mali
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Garima Dua
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Priya Samant
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Rohan D. Erande
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
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3
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed Heterocyclization. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole moiety is well-known as a superlative framework in many natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an efficient procedure to synthesize a series of functionalized 2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate derivatives from commercially available anilines properly functionalized by different electron-withdrawing and -donating groups through a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling. The conversion of a variety of enamines into the relevant indole was optimized by exposing the neat mixture of reactants to microwave irradiation, obtaining the desired products in excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C spectroscopic means as well as by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Sinha AK, Equbal D, Rastogi SK, Kumar S, Kumar R. An overview on Indole aryl sulfide/sulfone (IAS) as anti‐HIV non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Sinha
- CSIR-CDRI (Central Drug Research Institute) Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | | | - Sumit K. Rastogi
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry INDIA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and process chemistry INDIA
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- CSIR-CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and process chemistry INDIA
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5
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Yang XP, Lv HP, Yang HD, Wang BL, Wang XW. Box-copper catalyzed cascade asymmetric amidation for chiral exo-methylene aminoindoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9373-9378. [PMID: 34673876 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective copper-catalyzed cascade inter- and intramolecular amidation was achieved between ethynyl benzoxazinanones and α-halohydroxamates in the presence of an indapybox ligand. The one-pot cascade transformation was triggered by the attack of hydroxamates to dipolar copper-allenylidene intermediates, followed by a nucleophilic annulation reaction. Thus, a series of exo-methylene 3-aminoindoline derivatives were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Peng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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6
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Nathaniel CR, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Silver‐catalyzed pyrrole synthesis: An overview. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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7
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MIL-101(Fe) as an active heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by indoles. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Kaiser S, Geffert C, Mazik M. Purine Unit as a Building Block of Artificial Receptors Designed for the Recognition of Carbohydrates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kaiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Christoph Geffert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Monika Mazik
- Institut für Organische Chemie Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Strasse 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
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9
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Suresh N, Prasanna GL, Ratnakar A, Rao MVB, Pal M. An ultrasound-based approach for the synthesis of indoles under Pd/C catalysis. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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10
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Survase DN, Karhale SS, Khedkar VM, Helavi VB. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of indole aldehydes containing N-benzyl moiety. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1674334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray N. Survase
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rajaram College, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Shrikrishna S. Karhale
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rajaram College, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Vasant B. Helavi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rajaram College, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science, Amravati, India
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11
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Patel T, Gaikwad R, Jain K, Ganesh R, Bobde Y, Ghosh B, Das K, Gayen S. First Report on 3‐(3‐oxoaryl) Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Microwave Assisted Synthesis,
In Vitro
Screening and Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Patel
- Laboratory of Drug DesignDiscoveryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar 470003, (MP) India
- Present address: Faculty of PharmacyKalinga University, Atal nagar Raipur 492101(CG) India
| | - Ruchi Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Drug DesignDiscoveryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar 470003, (MP) India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Department of ChemistryDr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar 470003, (MP) India
| | - Routholla Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-PilaniHyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Yamini Bobde
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-PilaniHyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-PilaniHyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 India
| | - Kalpataru Das
- Department of ChemistryDr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar 470003, (MP) India
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug DesignDiscoveryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University) Sagar 470003, (MP) India
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12
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HFIP-Promoted Bischler Indole Synthesis under Microwave Irradiation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123317. [PMID: 30558133 PMCID: PMC6321335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFIP) was found to be effective for the Bischler indole synthesis under microwave irradiation in the absence of a metal catalyst. Under the catalysis of HFIP, a wide range of α-amino arylacetones were successfully transformed into indole derivatives with moderate to good yields.
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13
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Yang X, Zhang X, Yin D. An Eco-Friendly Industrial Fischer Indole Cyclization Process. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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14
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Cornwall P, Diorazio LJ, Monks N. Route design, the foundation of successful chemical development. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4336-4347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Boosa V, Bilakanti V, Velisoju VK, Gutta N, Inkollu S, Akula V. An insight on the influence of surface Lewis acid sites for regioselective C H bond C3-cyanation of indole using NH4I and DMF as combined cyanide source over Cu/SBA-15 catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Indoline and Indole Hybrids from C-2 Linked (o
-Aminobenzyl)benzimidazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Xie X, Huang W, Peng C, Han B. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Six-Membered Carbocycle-Based Spiro Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 611137 People's Republic of China
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18
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Krüll J, Hubert A, Nebel N, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Microwave‐Assisted Rapid One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused and Non‐Fused Indoles and 5‐[
18
F]Fluoroindoles from Phenylazocarboxylates. Chemistry 2017; 23:16174-16178. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hubert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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19
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Cabrero-Antonino JR, Adam R, Junge K, Beller M. Cobalt-catalysed reductive C-H alkylation of indoles using carboxylic acids and molecular hydrogen. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6439-6450. [PMID: 29163930 PMCID: PMC5632795 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02117h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct CH-alkylation of indoles using carboxylic acids is presented for the first time. The catalytic system based on the combination of Co(acac)3 and 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-ethane (Triphos, L1), in the presence of Al(OTf)3 as co-catalyst, is able to perform the reductive alkylation of 2-methyl-1H-indole with a wide range of carboxylic acids. The utility of the protocol was further demonstrated through the C3 alkylation of several substituted indole derivatives using acetic, phenylacetic or diphenylacetic acids. In addition, a careful selection of the reaction conditions allowed to perform the selective C3 alkenylation of some indole derivatives. Moreover, the alkenylation of C2 position of 3-methyl-1H-indole was also possible. Control experiments indicate that the aldehyde, in situ formed from the carboxylic acid hydrogenation, plays a central role in the overall process. This new protocol enables the direct functionalization of indoles with readily available and stable carboxylic acids using a non-precious metal based catalyst and hydrogen as reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Cabrero-Antonino
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Rosa Adam
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
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20
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Regiospecific synthesis of 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4 H -indol-4-ones via dehydroxylated [3+2] cyclization of β -hydroxy ketones with cyclic enaminones. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Abstract
Abstract:A series of 2-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted 5-cyanoindolizine derivatives were conveniently synthesized by a one-pot tandem reaction under mild conditions in moderate yields. The reaction mechanism was proposed.
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22
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Patil SA, Patil SA, Patil R. Medicinal applications of (benz)imidazole- and indole-based macrocycles. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:639-649. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano & Material Sciences; Jain University; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Shivaputra A. Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department; College of Pharmacy; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Renukadevi Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department; College of Pharmacy; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
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23
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24
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Chelucci G. Metal-catalyzed dehydrogenative synthesis of pyrroles and indoles from alcohols. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Abstract
This review demonstrates the metal-catalyzed incorporation of isocyanides into C–H functionalization to establish complicated reactions utilizing synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Innovative Drug Research Center
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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26
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Holzapfel C, Dasilva E, Den Drijver L, Bredenkamp T. Hydroformylation of 2-Alkynylanilines: Toward an Alternative Methodology for the Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Holzapfel
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Etelinda Dasilva
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Laetitia Den Drijver
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
| | - Tyler Bredenkamp
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa
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27
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Li B, Zhang B, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 3-Cyano-1H-indoles and Their 2′-Deoxyribonucleoside Derivatives through One-Pot Cascade Reactions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9530-9538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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28
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Indole molecules as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization: potential new anticancer agents, an update (2013–2015). Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1291-316. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of new indole-based tubulin polymerization inhibitors will continue to dominate the synthetic efforts of many medicinal chemists working in the field. The indole ring system is an essential part of several tubulin inhibitors identified in the recent years. The present review article will update the synthesis, anticancer and tubulin inhibition activities of several important new indole classes such as 2-phenylindoles (28, 29 & 30), oxindoles (35 & 38), indole-3-acrylamides (44), indolines (46), aroylindoles (49), carbozoles (75, 76 & 82), azacarbolines (87) and annulated indoles (100–105).
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29
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Gu ZY, Liu CG, Wang SY, Ji SJ. Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Reaction, C(sp2)–H Activation, 1,4-Pd Migration, and Aminopalladation: Chemoselective Synthesis of Dihydroindeno[1,2,3-kl]acridines and 3-Arylindoles. Org Lett 2016; 18:2379-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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30
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Sun X, Han J, Chen J, Zhang H, Cao W. Synthesis of Organofluoro Compounds Using Methyl Perfluoroalk-2-ynoates as Building Blocks. CHEM REC 2016; 16:907-23. [PMID: 26969042 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of several synthetic applications of methyl perfluoroalk-2-ynoates, leading to convenient preparation of many perfluoroalkylated compounds. The use of these important substrates in the synthesis of various five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles, cyclopentadienes, and biphenyls is described, alongside a discussion of the mechanistic aspects of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Microstructures, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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31
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Nookaraju U, Begari E, Yetra RR, Kumar P. CeCl3⋅7H2O-NaI Promoted Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Sulfonylhydrazides. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Nookaraju
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-NCL (National Chemical Laboratory); Pune 411008 India, Tel
| | - Eeshwaraiah Begari
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-NCL (National Chemical Laboratory); Pune 411008 India, Tel
| | - Ravikiran Reddy Yetra
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-NCL (National Chemical Laboratory); Pune 411008 India, Tel
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-NCL (National Chemical Laboratory); Pune 411008 India, Tel
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32
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Fra L, Muñiz K. Indole Synthesis through Sequential Electrophilic N−H and C−H Bond Activation Using Iodine(III) Reactivity. Chemistry 2016; 22:4351-4. [PMID: 26690791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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33
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Huang P, Xu J. Synthesis of 2-oxophosphorindolines via the copper-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C–H insertion of diazophosphonamidates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Ethoxy-2-oxophosphorindolines, benzo-γ-phospholactams, were synthesized efficiently with up to 97% yield through the copper-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C–H insertion of diazophosphonamidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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34
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Rossi E, Abbiati G, Dell'Acqua M, Negrato M, Paganoni A, Pirovano V. Exploiting the σ-phylic properties of cationic gold(i) catalysts in the ring opening reactions of aziridines with indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6095-110. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i) species catalyze the ring opening reactions of aziridines with indoles as nucleophiles for the synthesis of tryptamines and pyrroloindolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Monica Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Marco Negrato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Andrea Paganoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche – Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 21 – 20133 Milano
- Italy
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35
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Mamedov VA, Hafizova EA, Zamaletdinova AI, Rizvanov IK, Mirgorodskaya AB, Zakharova LY, Latypov SK, Sinyashin OG. Sequential substitution/ring cleavage/addition reaction of 1-(cyclohex-1-enyl)-piperidine and -pyrrolidine with chloropyruvates for the efficient synthesis of substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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37
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Naidu PS, Kolita S, Sharma M, Bhuyan PJ. Reductive Alkylation of α-Keto Imines Catalyzed by PTSA/FeCl3: Synthesis of Indoles and 2,3′-Biindoles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6381-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Seetham Naidu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Sinki Kolita
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Pulak J. Bhuyan
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
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38
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of chromenes: biological and chemical importance. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:893-909. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromenes constitute chemically important class of heterocyclic compounds having diverse biological and chemical importance. Development of environmentally benign, efficient and economical methods for the synthesis of chromenes remains a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of chromenes, therefore, has attracted enormous attention from medicinal and organic chemists. Researchers have embraced the concepts of microwave (high speed) synthesis to produce biologically and chemically important chromenes in a time sensitive manner. This review will summarize the recent biological applications such as anticancer, antimicrobial, neurodegenerative and insecticidal activity of new chromenes prepared via microwave irradiation. The development of new methodologies for the synthesis of chromenes including green chemistry processes has also been discussed.
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39
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Li B, Guo S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Fan X. Selective Access to 3-Cyano-1H-indoles, 9H-Pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles, or 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indoles through Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Multicomponent Cascade Reactions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5444-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shenghai Guo
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ju Zhang
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory
of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, and
Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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40
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Pan YY, Wu YN, Chen ZZ, Hao WJ, Li G, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Synthesis of 3-Iminoindol-2-amines and Cyclic Enaminones via Palladium-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion-Cyclization. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5764-70. [PMID: 25919002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed isocyanide insertion-cyclization using low-cost and readily accessible 2-haloanilines, 2-iodophenylethanones, and isocyanides for efficient synthesis of 3-iminoindol-2-amine and cyclic enaminone derivatives has been developed. The method features low-cost and readily accessible starting materials, reliable scalability, and bond-forming efficiency as well as simple one-pot operation, which makes this strategy highly attractive. A reasonable mechanism for forming 3-iminoindol-2-amine involved double isocyanide insertion/cyclization process is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Pan
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Chen
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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41
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Abstract
In 1989, the reaction of vinyl magnesium halides with ortho-substituted nitroarenes leading to indoles was discovered. This reaction is now frequently reported as the "Bartoli reaction" or the "Bartoli indole synthesis" (BIS). It has rapidly become the shortest and most flexible route to 7-substituted indoles, because the classical indole syntheses generally fail in their preparation. The flexibility of the Bartoli reaction is great as it can be extended to heteroaromatic nitro derivatives and can be run on solid support. This review will focus on the use of the Bartoli indole synthesis as the key step in preparations of complex indoles, which appeared in the literature in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Dipartimento Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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42
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Hu Z, Luo S, Zhu Q. Aminopalladation-Triggered Carbene Insertion Reaction: Synthesis of 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)acetates. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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43
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Wang QP, Zhang HB, Ning X, Hang H, Huang ZL, Song HR, Wang X, Wang PG. Microwave-Assisted Construction of C-Hydroxydiketopiperazines using Lanthanum(III) Triflate. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Deng GB, Zhang JL, Liu YY, Liu B, Yang XH, Li JH. Metal-free nitrative cyclization of N-aryl imines with tert-butyl nitrite: dehydrogenative access to 3-nitroindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1886-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel metal-free oxidative C–H functionalization and nitrative cyclization access to 3-nitroindoles from N-aryl imines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Bang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Xu-Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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45
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Qiu JK, Hao WJ, Wang DC, Wei P, Sun J, Jiang B, Tu SJ. Selective sulfonylation and diazotization of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14782-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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46
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Halimehjani AZ, Namboothiri INN, Hooshmand SE. Part I: Nitroalkenes in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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47
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Yao B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Mechanistic Study on the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles Under Aerobic Conditions: Anion Effects and the Development of a Low-Catalyst-Loading Process. Chemistry 2014; 20:12255-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Fra L, Millán A, Souto JA, Muñiz K. Indole Synthesis Based On A Modified Koser Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7349-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Alba Millán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - José A. Souto
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona (Spain)
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49
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Fra L, Millán A, Souto JA, Muñiz K. Synthese von Indolen durch ein modifiziertes Koser‐Reagens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spanien)
| | - Alba Millán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spanien)
| | - José A. Souto
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spanien)
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spanien)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona (Spanien)
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50
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Cao L, Shen D, Wei J, Chen J, Deng H, Shao M, Shi J, Zhang H, Cao W. Facile Synthesis of 2-(Perfluoroalkyl)indoles through a Michael Addition/CuI-Catalyzed Annulation Process. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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