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Anitha K, Chenchula S, Surendran V, Shvetank B, Ravula P, Milan R, Chikatipalli R, R P. Advancing cancer theranostics through biomimetics: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27692. [PMID: 38496894 PMCID: PMC10944277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotheranostics, especially those employing biomimetic approaches, are of substantial interest for molecular imaging and cancer therapy. The incorporation of diagnostics and therapeutics, known as cancer theranostics, represents a promising strategy in modern oncology. Biomimetics, inspired by nature, offers a multidisciplinary avenue with potential in advancing cancer theranostics. This review comprehensively analyses recent progress in biomimetics-based cancer theranostics, emphasizing its role in overcoming current treatment challenges, with a focus on breast, prostate, and skin cancers. Biomimetic approaches have been explored to address multidrug resistance (MDR), emphasizing their role in immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. The specific areas covered include biomimetic drug delivery systems bypassing MDR mechanisms, biomimetic platforms for immune checkpoint blockade, immune cell modulation, and photothermal tumor ablation. Pretargeting techniques enhancing radiotherapeutic agent uptake are discussed, along with a comprehensive review of clinical trials of global nanotheranostics. This review delves into biomimetic materials, nanotechnology, and bioinspired strategies for cancer imaging, diagnosis, and targeted drug delivery. These include imaging probes, contrast agents, and biosensors for enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Biomimetic strategies for targeted drug delivery involve the design of nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels for site-specific delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy. Overall, this current review provides valuable information for investigators, clinicians, and biomedical engineers, offering insights into the latest biomimetics applications in cancer theranostics. Leveraging biomimetics aims to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuttiappan Anitha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management (SPTM), SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur, 425405, India
| | - Santenna Chenchula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayaraj Surendran
- Dr Kalam College of Pharmacy, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, 614 623, India
| | - Bhatt Shvetank
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parameswar Ravula
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rhythm Milan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Chikatipalli
- Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, 517520, India
| | - Padmavathi R
- SVS Medical College, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
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2
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Kadhum WR, Majeed AA, Saleh RO, Ali E, Alhajlah S, Alwaily ER, Mustafa YF, Ghildiyal P, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Overcoming drug resistance with specific nano scales to targeted therapy: Focused on metastatic cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155137. [PMID: 38324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer, which accounts for the majority of cancer fatalities, is a difficult illness to treat. Currently used cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted treatment (immune, gene, and hormonal). The disadvantages of these treatments include a high risk of tumor recurrence and surgical complications that may result in permanent deformities. On the other hand, most chemotherapy drugs are small molecules, which usually have unfavorable side effects, low absorption, poor selectivity, and multi-drug resistance. Anticancer drugs can be delivered precisely to the cancer spot by encapsulating them to reduce side effects. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers can be used for drug release at cancer sites and provide target-specific delivery. As previously stated, metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. We have evaluated the usage of nano-medications in the treatment of some metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq.
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Eyhab Ali
- Pharmacy Department, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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Farhana A, Alsrhani A, Khan YS, Rasheed Z. Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments-Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3836. [PMID: 37568652 PMCID: PMC10416858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an impending bottleneck in the advanced scientific workflow to achieve diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic success. Most cancers are refractory to conventional diagnostic and chemotherapeutics due to their limited targetability, specificity, solubility, and side effects. The inherent ability of each cancer to evolve through various genetic and epigenetic transformations and metabolic reprogramming underlies therapeutic limitations. Though tumor microenvironments (TMEs) are quite well understood in some cancers, each microenvironment differs from the other in internal perturbations and metabolic skew thereby impeding the development of appropriate diagnostics, drugs, vaccines, and therapies. Cancer associated bioenergetics modulations regulate TME, angiogenesis, immune evasion, generation of resistant niches and tumor progression, and a thorough understanding is crucial to the development of metabolic therapies. However, this remains a missing element in cancer theranostics, necessitating the development of modalities that can be adapted for targetability, diagnostics and therapeutics. In this challenging scenario, nanomaterials are modular platforms for understanding TME and achieving successful theranostics. Several nanoscale particles have been successfully researched in animal models, quite a few have reached clinical trials, and some have achieved clinical success. Nanoparticles exhibit an intrinsic capability to interact with diverse biomolecules and modulate their functions. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be functionalized with receptors, modulators, and drugs to facilitate specific targeting with reduced toxicity. This review discusses the current understanding of different theranostic nanosystems, their synthesis, functionalization, and targetability for therapeutic modulation of bioenergetics, and metabolic reprogramming of the cancer microenvironment. We highlight the potential of nanosystems for enhanced chemotherapeutic success emphasizing the questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Saleem Khan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6655, Buraidah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra S, Bhatt T, Kumar H, Jain R, Shilpi S, Jain V. Nanoconstructs for theranostic application in cancer: Challenges and strategies to enhance the delivery. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1101320. [PMID: 37007005 PMCID: PMC10050349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoconstructs are made up of nanoparticles and ligands, which can deliver the loaded cargo at the desired site of action. Various nanoparticulate platforms have been utilized for the preparation of nanoconstructs, which may serve both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Nanoconstructs are mostly used to overcome the limitations of cancer therapies, such as toxicity, nonspecific distribution of the drug, and uncontrolled release rate. The strategies employed during the design of nanoconstructs help improve the efficiency and specificity of loaded theranostic agents and make them a successful approach for cancer therapy. Nanoconstructs are designed with a sole purpose of targeting the requisite site, overcoming the barriers which hinders its right placement for desired benefit. Therefore, instead of classifying modes for delivery of nanoconstructs as actively or passively targeted systems, they are suitably classified as autonomous and nonautonomous types. At large, nanoconstructs offer numerous benefits, however they suffer from multiple challenges, too. Hence, to overcome such challenges computational modelling methods and artificial intelligence/machine learning processes are being explored. The current review provides an overview on attributes and applications offered by nanoconstructs as theranostic agent in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Satish Shilpi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
- *Correspondence: Vikas Jain,
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Donkey Dung–Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anticancer, and DNA Cleavage Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park B, Park S, Kim J, Kim C. Listening to drug delivery and responses via photoacoustic imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114235. [PMID: 35346776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Administrating pharmaceutic agents efficiently to achieve the therapeutic effect is the aim of all drug delivery techniques. Recent drug delivery systems aim to deliver high doses of drugs to disease sites accurately while maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing potential side effects. Key approaches apply image guidance techniques for the quantification of drug biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters during drug delivery. This review highlights recent research on image-guided drug delivery systems based on photoacoustic imaging, which has been attracting attention for its non-invasiveness, non-ionizing radiation, and real-time imaging functions. Photoacoustic imaging based on the photothermal conversion efficiency of agents can be easily combined with various phototherapeutics, making them highly suitable for drug delivery therapy platforms. Here, we summarize and compare the characteristics of various types of photoacoustic imaging systems, focus on contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging and controlled release of therapeutics in drug delivery systems for synergistic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byullee Park
- Departments of Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Departments of Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine to the Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094673. [PMID: 33925129 PMCID: PMC8125767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, specifically metastatic breast, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. This is mainly due to relapse and reoccurrence of tumor. The primary reason for cancer relapse is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampering the treatment and prognosis. MDR can occur due to a multitude of molecular events, including increased expression of efflux transporters such as P-gp, BCRP, or MRP1; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; and resistance development in breast cancer stem cells. Excessive dose dumping in chemotherapy can cause intrinsic anti-cancer MDR to appear prior to chemotherapy and after the treatment. Hence, novel targeted nanomedicines encapsulating chemotherapeutics and gene therapy products may assist to overcome cancer drug resistance. Targeted nanomedicines offer innovative strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy while permitting enhanced selectivity to cancer cells. Targeted nanotheranostics permit targeted drug release, precise breast cancer diagnosis, and importantly, the ability to overcome MDR. The article discusses various nanomedicines designed to selectively target breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and breast cancer stem cells. In addition, the review discusses recent approaches, including combination nanoparticles (NPs), theranostic NPs, and stimuli sensitive or “smart” NPs. Recent innovations in microRNA NPs and personalized medicine NPs are also discussed. Future perspective research for complex targeted and multi-stage responsive nanomedicines for metastatic breast cancer is discussed.
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Malla RR, Kumari S, Kgk D, Momin S, Nagaraju GP. Nanotheranostics: Their role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Tatiparti K, Rauf MA, Sau S, Iyer AK. Carbonic Anhydrase-IX Guided Albumin Nanoparticles for Hypoxia-mediated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Killing and Imaging of Patient-derived Tumor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102362. [PMID: 32438691 PMCID: PMC7287925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is considered as the most onerous cancer subtype, lacking the estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Evaluating new markers is an unmet need for improving targeted therapy against TNBC. TNBC depends on several factors, including hypoxia development, which contributes to therapy resistance, immune evasion, and tumor stroma formation. In this study, we studied the curcumin analogue (3,4-Difluorobenzylidene Curcumin; CDF) encapsulated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle for tumor targeting. For tumor targeting, we conjugated Acetazolamide (ATZ) with CDF and encapsulated it in the BSA to form a nanoparticle (namely BSA-CDF-ATZ). The in vitro cytotoxicity study suggested that BSA-CDF-ATZ is more efficient when compared to free CDF. The BSA-CDF-ATZ nanoparticles showed significantly higher cell killing in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions, suggesting better internalization of the nanoparticles into cancer cells under hypoxia. Fluorescent-dye labeled BSA-CDF-ATZ revealed higher cell uptake of the nanoparticle compared to free dye indicative of better delivery, substantiated by a high rate of apoptosis-mediated cell death compared to free CDF. The significantly higher tumor accumulation and low liver and spleen uptake in TNBC patient-derived tumor xenograft models confirm the significant potential of BSA-CDF-ATZ for targeted TNBC imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyayani Tatiparti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-5875
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Sau S, Alzhrani R, Bhise K, Alsaab HO, Kashaw SK, Iyer AK. Nanomaterials for tumor immunomodulation and overcoming current clinical challenges. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1515-1519. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rami Alzhrani
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Nabil G, Bhise K, Sau S, Atef M, El-Banna HA, Iyer AK. Nano-engineered delivery systems for cancer imaging and therapy: Recent advances, future direction and patent evaluation. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:462-491. [PMID: 30121330 PMCID: PMC6839688 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second highest cause of death worldwide. Several therapeutic approaches, such as conventional chemotherapy, antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and nanotherapeutics have been employed in battling cancer. Amongst them, nanotheranostics is an example of successful personalized medicine bearing dual role of early diagnosis and therapy to cancer patients. In this review, we have focused on various types of theranostic polymer and metal nanoparticles for their role in cancer therapy and imaging concerning their limitation, future application such as dendritic cell cancer vaccination, gene delivery, T-cell activation and immune modulation. Also, some of the recorded patent applications and clinical trials have been illustrated. The impact of the biological microenvironment on the biodistribution and accumulation of nanoparticles have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Nabil
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohamed Atef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossny A El-Banna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Zhu J, Li H, Xiong Z, Shen M, Conti PS, Shi X, Chen K. Polyethyleneimine-Coated Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Tumor PET/MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34954-34964. [PMID: 30234287 PMCID: PMC7469916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A Mn3O4 nanoparticle (NP)-based dual-modality probe has been developed for tumor positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The dual-modality imaging probe was constructed by modifying multifunctional polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Mn3O4 NPs with folic acid (FA), followed with the radiolabeling with 64Cu. The formed imaging probe was utilized for PET/MR imaging of human cervical cancer mouse xenografts, which overexpress folate receptor (FR). The PEI-coated Mn3O4 NPs were synthesized using a solvothermal approach via decomposition of acetylacetone manganese. Multifunctional groups, including fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI), PEGylated FA, and NOTA chelator, were then sequentially loaded onto the surface of the amine groups of the Mn3O4 NPs. The remaining PEI amines were neutralized by the acetylation reaction. The resulting NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs were fully characterized and evaluated in vitro and successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu for tumor PET/MR imaging in small animals. In vivo blocking experiments were performed to determine the FR binding specificity of NPs. PET imaging results demonstrated that 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs display good tracer uptake in the FR-expressing HeLa tumors (tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio: 5.35 ± 0.31 at 18 h postinjection (pi)) and substantially reduced tracer uptake in the FR-blocked HeLa tumors (T/M ratio: 2.78 ± 0.68 at 18 h pi). The ex vivo data, including PET imaging and biodistribution, further confirmed the tumor binding specificity of the 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs. Moreover, the FR-targeted Mn3O4 NPs exhibited efficient T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI), leading to the precise tumor MRI at 18 h pi. PET/MR imaging with the 64Cu-NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs may offer a new quantitative approach to precisely measure the FR in tumors. The strategy of incorporating PEI nanotechnology into the construction of new biomaterials may be applied for the construction of novel nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peter S. Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
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Paclitaxel and di-fluorinated curcumin loaded in albumin nanoparticles for targeted synergistic combination therapy of ovarian and cervical cancers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sau S, Tatiparti K, Alsaab HO, Kashaw SK, Iyer AK. A tumor multicomponent targeting chemoimmune drug delivery system for reprograming the tumor microenvironment and personalized cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1344-1356. [PMID: 29551455 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle library engineered with tunable size, shape, and geometry will provide a better idea of targeting multicomponent of tumor microenvironment consisting of epithelial cells, tumor hypoxia, tumor immune cells and angiogenic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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15
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Copper-Free 'Click' Chemistry-Based Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase-IX Anchored Albumin-Paclitaxel Nanoparticles for Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534020 PMCID: PMC5877699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a difficult to treat disease due to the absence of the three unique receptors estrogen, progesterone and herceptin-2 (HER-2). To improve the current therapy and overcome the resistance of TNBC, there is unmet need to develop an effective targeted therapy. In this regard, one of the logical and economical approaches is to develop a tumor hypoxia-targeting drug formulation platform for selective delivery of payload to the drug-resistant and invasive cell population of TNBC tumors. Toward this, we developed a Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX) receptor targeting human serum albumin (HSA) carriers to deliver the potent anticancer drug, Paclitaxel (PTX). We used Acetazolamide (ATZ), a small molecule ligand of CA IX to selectively deliver HSA-PTX in TNBC cells. A novel method of synthesis involving copper free ‘click’ chemistry (Dibenzocyclooctyl, DBCO) moiety with an azide-labeled reaction partner, known as Strain-Promoted Alkyne Azide Cycloaddition (SPAAC) along with a desolvation method for PTX loading were used in the present study to arrive at the CA IX selective nano-carriers, HSA-PTX-ATZ. The anticancer effect of HSA-PTX-ATZ is higher compared to HSA, PTX and non-targeted HSA-PTX in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The cell killing effect is associated with induction of early and late phases of apoptosis. Overall, our proof-of-concept study shows a promising avenue for hypoxia-targeted drug delivery that can be adapted to several types of cancers.
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16
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Zamboni CG, Kozielski KL, Vaughan HJ, Nakata MM, Kim J, Higgins LJ, Pomper MG, Green JJ. Polymeric nanoparticles as cancer-specific DNA delivery vectors to human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Control Release 2017; 263:18-28. [PMID: 28351668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most deadly cancer in the US, with a meager 5-year survival rate of <20%. Such unfavorable numbers are closely related to the heterogeneity of the disease and the unsatisfactory therapies currently used to manage patients with invasive HCC. Outside of the clinic, gene therapy research is evolving to overcome the poor responses and toxicity associated with standard treatments. The inadequacy of gene delivery vectors, including poor intracellular delivery and cell specificity, are major barriers in the gene therapy field. Herein, we described a non-viral strategy for effective and cancer-specific DNA delivery to human HCC using biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) nanoparticles (NPs). Varied PBAE NP formulations were evaluated for transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity to a range of human HCC cells as well as healthy human hepatocytes. To address HCC heterogeneity, nine different sources of human HCC cells were utilized. The polymeric NPs composed of 2-((3-aminopropyl)amino) ethanol end-modified poly(1,5-pentanediol diacrylate-co-3-amino-1-propanol) ('536') at a 25 polymer-to-DNA weight-to-weight ratio led to high transfection efficacy to all of the liver cancer lines, but not to hepatocytes. Each individual HCC line had a significantly higher percentage of exogenous gene expression than the healthy liver cells (P<0.01). Notably, this biodegradable end-modified PBAE gene delivery vector was not cytotoxic and maintained the viability of hepatocytes above 80%. In a HCC/hepatocyte co-culture model, in which cancerous and healthy cells share the same micro-environment, 536 25 w/w NPs specifically transfected cancer cells. PBAE NP administration to a subcutaneous HCC mouse model, established with one of the human lines tested in vitro, confirmed effective DNA transfection in vivo. PBAE-based NPs enabled high and preferential DNA delivery to HCC cells, sparing healthy hepatocytes. These biodegradable and liver cancer-selective NPs are a promising technology to deliver therapeutic genes to liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maisa M Nakata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke J Higgins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Oncology and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Pant K, Sedláček O, Nadar RA, Hrubý M, Stephan H. Radiolabelled Polymeric Materials for Imaging and Treatment of Cancer: Quo Vadis? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable blood circulation time and suitable plasma stability, polymer-based nanomaterials hold a great potential for designing and utilising multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient imaging and effective treatment of cancer. When tagged with appropriate radionuclides, they may allow for specific detection (diagnosis) as well as the destruction of tumours (therapy) or even customization of materials, aiming to both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic approach). This review provides an overview of recent developments of radiolabelled polymeric nanomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers) for molecular imaging of cancer, specifically, applying nuclear techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Different approaches to radiolabel polymers are evaluated from the methodical radiochemical point of view. This includes new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) for radiometals as well as novel labelling methods. Special emphasis is given to eligible strategies employed to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in view of efficient targeting. The discussion encompasses promising strategies currently employed as well as emerging possibilities in radionuclide-based cancer therapy. Key issues involved in the clinical translation of radiolabelled polymers and future scopes of this intriguing research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robin A. Nadar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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18
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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with organo-bridged silsesquioxane framework as innovative platforms for bioimaging and therapeutic agent delivery. Biomaterials 2016; 91:90-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Image-Guided Drug Delivery with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography: A Review of Literature. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:592-609. [PMID: 25182469 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140902125657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous resources are being invested all over the world for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of cancer. Successful cancer management depends on accurate diagnosis of the disease along with precise therapeutic protocol. The conventional systemic drug delivery approaches generally cannot completely remove the competent cancer cells without surpassing the toxicity limits to normal tissues. Therefore, development of efficient drug delivery systems holds prime importance in medicine and healthcare. Also, molecular imaging can play an increasingly important and revolutionizing role in disease management. Synergistic use of molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery approaches provides unique opportunities in a relatively new area called 'image-guided drug delivery' (IGDD). Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the most widely used nuclear imaging modality in clinical context and is increasingly being used to guide targeted therapeutics. The innovations in material science have fueled the development of efficient drug carriers based on, polymers, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, microparticles, nanoparticles, etc. Efficient utilization of these drug carriers along with SPECT imaging technology have the potential to transform patient care by personalizing therapy to the individual patient, lessening the invasiveness of conventional treatment procedures and rapidly monitoring the therapeutic efficacy. SPECT-IGDD is not only effective for the treatment of cancer but might also find utility in the management of several other diseases. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the latest advances in SPECT-IGDD procedures and discuss the challenges and opportunities for advancement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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20
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Chakravarty R, Goel S, Hong H, Chen F, Valdovinos HF, Hernandez R, Barnhart TE, Cai W. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tumor vasculature targeting and PET image-guided drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1233-46. [PMID: 25955122 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Development of multifunctional and well-dispersed hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) for tumor vasculature targeted drug delivery and PET imaging. MATERIALS & METHODS Amine functionalized HMSNs (150-250 nm) were conjugated with a macrocyclic chelator, (S)-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triaceticacid (NOTA), PEGylated and loaded with antiangiogenesis drug, Sunitinib. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) (cRGDyK) peptide was attached to the nanoconjugate and radiolabeled with (64)Cu for PET imaging. RESULTS (64)Cu-NOTA-HMSN-PEG-cRGDyK exhibited integrin-specific uptake both in vitro and in vivo. PET results indicated approximately 8% ID/g uptake of targeted nanoconjugates in U87MG tumors, which correlated well with ex vivo and histological analyses. Enhanced tumor-targeted delivery of sunitinib was also observed. CONCLUSION We successfully developed tumor vasculature targeted HMSNs for PET imaging and image-guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA
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21
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Kamila S, McEwan C, Costley D, Atchison J, Sheng Y, Hamilton GRC, Fowley C, Callan JF. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Quantum Dots in Nanomedicine. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 370:203-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Lepareur N, Leal E Costa L, Bocqué M, Blondelle C, Ruello C, Desjulets M, Noiret N, Cammas-Marion S. Development of Biocompatible and Functional Polymeric Nanoparticles for Site-Specific Delivery of Radionuclides. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:63. [PMID: 26389121 PMCID: PMC4559641 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Encapsulation of biologically active molecules into nanoparticles (NPs), for site-specific delivery, is a fast growing area. These NPs must be biocompatible, non-toxic, and able to release their load in a controlled way. We have developed a series of NPs based on (bio)degradable and biocompatible poly(malic acid) derivatives, poly(benzyl malate) (PMLABe), with its PEG-grafted stealth analog and target-specific biotin-PEG-b-PMLABe one. A lipophilic radiotracer has then been encapsulated into these NPs. Methods Monomers were synthesized from dl-aspartic acid. PEG42-b-PMLABe73 and Biot-PEG66-b-PMLABe73 block copolymers were obtained by anionic ring-opening polymerization of benzyl malolactonate in presence of α-methoxy-ω-carboxy-PEG42 and α-biotin-ω-carboxy-PEG66 as initiators. NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Size, polydispersity, and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zetametry. 99mTc-SSS was prepared as previously described. Encapsulation efficacy was assessed by varying different parameters, such as encapsulation with preformed NPs or during their formation, influence of the solvent, and of the method to prepare the NPs. After decay, 99mTc-loaded NPs were also analyzed by DLS and zetametry. NPs’ morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Results 99mTc-SSS was added during nanoprecipitation, using two different methods, to ensure good encapsulation. Radiolabeled NPs present increased diameters, with identical low polydispersity indexes and negative zeta potentials in comparison to non-radiolabeled NPs. Conclusion A radiotracer was successfully encapsulated, but some further optimization is still needed. The next step will be to modify these radiolabeled NPs with a hepatotrope peptide, and to replace 99mTc with 188Re for therapy. Our team is also working on drugs’ encapsulation and grafting of a fluorescent probe. Combining these modalities is of interest for combined chemo-/radiotherapy, bimodal imaging, and/or theranostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France ; INSERM UMR-S 991 , Rennes , France
| | - Loleh Leal E Costa
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France
| | - Maëva Bocqué
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France
| | - Clément Blondelle
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France
| | - Clément Ruello
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France
| | - Marie Desjulets
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugene Marquis , Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas Noiret
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France ; UMR 6226 CNRS, Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes , Rennes , France
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) , Rennes , France ; UMR 6226 CNRS, Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes , Rennes , France
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23
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Linton SS, Sherwood SG, Drews KC, Kester M. Targeting cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment: opportunities and challenges in combinatorial nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:208-22. [PMID: 26153136 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapies of the future will rely on synergy between drugs delivered in combination to achieve both maximum efficacy and decreased toxicity. Nanoscale drug delivery vehicles composed of highly tunable nanomaterials ('nanocarriers') represent the most promising approach to achieve simultaneous, cell-selective delivery of synergistic ratios of combinations of drugs within solid tumors. Nanocarriers are currently being used to co-encapsulate and deliver synergistic ratios of multiple anticancer drugs to target cells within solid tumors. Investigators exploit the unique environment associated with solid tumors, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), to make 'smart' nanocarriers. These sophisticated nanocarriers exploit the pathological conditions in the TME, thereby creating highly targeted nanocarriers that release their drug payload in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. The translational and commercial potential of nanocarrier-based combinatorial nanomedicines in cancer therapy is now a reality as several companies have initiated human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Linton
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Samantha G Sherwood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kelly C Drews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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24
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Chen HP, Chen MH, Tung FI, Liu TY. A Novel Micelle-Forming Material Used for Preparing a Theranostic Vehicle Exhibiting Enhanced in Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3704-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501996y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division
of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department
of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuang University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-I Tung
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Srivatsan A, Missert JR, Upadhyay SK, Pandey RK. Porphyrin-based photosensitizers and the corresponding multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and phototherapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes: (a) the advantages in developing multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer-imaging and therapy, (b) the advantages and limitations of most of the porphyrin-based compounds in fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT), (c) problems associated with current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved photosensitizers, (d) challenges in developing in vivo target-specific PDT agents, (e) development of porphyrin-based nuclear-imaging agents (PET, SPECT) with an option of PDT, (f) the importance of light dosimetry in PDT, (g) the role of whole body or local hyperthermia in enhancing tumor-uptake, tumor-imaging and phototherapy and finally, (h) the advantages of photosensitizer-gold nanocages (Ps- Au NC) in photoacoustic and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Srivatsan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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26
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Dubey R, Kushal S, Mollard A, Vojtovich L, Oh P, Levin MD, Schnitzer JE, Zharov I, Olenyuk BZ. Tumor targeting, trifunctional dendritic wedge. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 26:78-89. [PMID: 25350602 PMCID: PMC4306510 DOI: 10.1021/bc500436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a newly designed trifunctional theranostic agent for targeting solid tumors. This agent combines a dendritic wedge with high boron content for boron neutron capture therapy or boron MRI, a monomethine cyanine dye for visible-light fluorescent imaging, and an integrin ligand for efficient tumor targeting. We report photophysical properties of the new agent, its cellular uptake and in vitro targeting properties. Using live animal imaging and intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques, we observed a rapid accumulation of the agent and its retention for a prolonged period of time (up to 7 days) in fully established animal models of human melanoma and murine mammary adenocarcinoma. This macromolecular theranostic agent can be used for targeted delivery of high boron load into solid tumors for future applications in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC B15C, HSC 9121, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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27
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Yang PS, Tung FI, Chen HP, Liu TY, Lin YY. A novel bubble-forming material for preparing hydrophobic-agent-loaded bubbles with theranostic functionality. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3762-74. [PMID: 24830551 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new bubble-forming material (carboxymethyl hexanoyl chitosan, CHC), together with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, was employed to prepare image-guided bubbles for efficiently encapsulating and delivering hydrophobic agents to kill tumor cells. The results showed that CHC could be used for preparing not only micronized bubbles (CHC/SPIO MBs) to exhibit ultrasound imaging functionality but also nanosized bubbles (CHC/SPIO NBs) to exhibit magnetic resonance T2 image contrast. It was found that the amounts of SPIO nanoparticles and hexane during preparation process were the key factors to obtaining CHC/SPIO NBs. Most importantly, under in vitro cell culture conditions with the same amount of camptothecin (CPT) and therapeutic sonication, CPT-loaded CHC/SPIO NBs demonstrated more significant transcellular delivery and cytotoxicity than free CPT. Subsequently, an intratumoral injection was proposed for the in vivo administration of hydrophobic-agent-loaded CHC/SPIO NBs. After injection, the distribution of a hydrophobic dye (DiR, an agent with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence used as a model drug) released from the CHC/SPIO NBs was tracked by an NIR imaging technique. A significant tumor-specific accumulation was observed in the mouse that received the DiR-loaded CHC/SPIO NBs; the same was not observed in the mouse that received the free dye (without incorporating with CHC/SPIO NBs). It is expected, in the future, both the dose of the therapeutic agent administered and its side effects can be significantly lowered by using novel CHC/SPIO NBs together with local delivery (intratumoral injection), targeted imaging and enhanced cellular uptake of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sin Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-I Tung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Chakravarty R, Hong H, Cai W. Positron emission tomography image-guided drug delivery: current status and future perspectives. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3777-97. [PMID: 24865108 PMCID: PMC4218872 DOI: 10.1021/mp500173s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Positron
emission tomography (PET) is an important modality in
the field of molecular imaging, which is gradually impacting patient
care by providing safe, fast, and reliable techniques that help to
alter the course of patient care by revealing invasive, de facto procedures
to be unnecessary or rendering them obsolete. Also, PET provides a
key connection between the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology
of disease and the according targeted therapies. Recently, PET imaging
is also gaining ground in the field of drug delivery. Current drug
delivery research is focused on developing novel drug delivery systems
with emphasis on precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal
toxicity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. At the
intersection between PET imaging and controlled drug delivery, interest
has grown in combining both these paradigms into clinically effective
formulations. PET image-guided drug delivery has great potential to
revolutionize patient care by in vivo assessment
of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site and real-time
monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end point of this
approach is to provide fundamental support for the optimization of
innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute
to emerging concepts in the field of “personalized medicine”.
This review focuses on the recent developments in PET image-guided
drug delivery and discusses intriguing opportunities for future development.
The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it
is evident that such strategies in cancer management hold promise
for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the
overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in enhanced
quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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Betulinic acid in complex with a gamma-cyclodextrin derivative decreases proliferation and in vivo tumor development of non-metastatic and metastatic B164A5 cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8235-55. [PMID: 24821543 PMCID: PMC4057729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid, a very promising anti-melanoma agent, has very low water solubility that causes low bioavailability. To overcome this inconvenience, a highly water-soluble cyclodextrin was used (octakis-[6-deoxy-6-(2-sulfanyl ethanesulfonic acid)]-γ-cyclodextrin). The complex was physico-chemically analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods and then in vitro tested for its antiproliferative activity by the MTT assay and by cell cycle analysis. Finally, the complex was tested in vivo using an animal model of murine melanoma developed in C57BL/6J mice, where it caused a reduction in tumor volume and weight. The study revealed the beneficial influence of betulinic acid inclusion into the cyclodextrin in terms of antiproliferative activity and in vivo tumor development.
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Liu Q, Zhu H, Qin J, Dong H, Du J. Theranostic vesicles based on bovine serum albumin and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) for magnetic resonance imaging and anticancer drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1586-92. [PMID: 24690007 DOI: 10.1021/bm500438x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Presented in this article is the preparation of a new theranostic vesicle which exhibits excellent in vitro and in vivo T1 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast effect and good anticancer drug delivery ability. The theranostic vesicle has been easily prepared based on an amphiphilic biocompatible and biodegradable dibock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-b-PLGA) and bovine serum albumin-gadolinium (BSA-Gd) complexes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurements confirmed the formation and physiological stability of BSA-Gd@PEG-b-PLGA vesicles. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo MR imaging experiments revealed their excellent T1-weighted MR imaging function. Red blood cell hemolysis and cytotoxicity experiments confirmed their good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin (DOX) loading and release experiments indicated a more retarded release rate of DOX in those theranostic vesicles than sole PEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles without BSA. Overall, this new biocompatible and biodegradable vesicle shows promising potential in theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
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Iyer AK, Duan Z, Amiji MM. Nanodelivery Systems for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Drug Resistant Tumors. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2511-26. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500024p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Iyer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College
of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mansoor M. Amiji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College
of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Yang B, Lv Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, An H, Feng J, Zhang X, Zhuo R. Template-module assembly to prepare low-molecular-weight gene transport system with enhanced transmembrane capability. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques that include positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon computed tomography have found great success in the clinic because of their inherent high sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging is the most popular form of imaging to be used for molecular imaging in oncology. While many types of molecules have been used for radionuclide-based molecular imaging, there has been a great interest in developing newer nanomaterials for use in clinic, especially for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials have unique physical properties which allow them to be used as imaging probes to locate and identify cancerous lesions. Over the past decade, a great number of nanoparticles have been developed for radionuclide imaging of cancer. This chapter reviews the different kinds of nanomaterials, both organic and inorganic, which are currently being researched for as potential agents for nuclear imaging of variety of cancers. Several radiolabeled multifunctional nanocarriers have been extremely successful for the detection of cancer in preclinical models. So far, significant progress has been achieved in nanoparticle structure design, in vitro/in vivo trafficking, and in vivo fate mapping by using PET. There is a great need for the development of newer nanoparticles, which improve active targeting and quantify new biomarkers for early disease detection and possible prevention of cancer.
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Li W, Du J, Zheng K, Zhang P, Hu Q, Wang Y. Multifunctional nanoparticles via host–guest interactions: a universal platform for targeted imaging and light-regulated gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1579-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iyer AK, Singh A, Ganta S, Amiji MM. Role of integrated cancer nanomedicine in overcoming drug resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1784-802. [PMID: 23880506 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Apart from displaying classical physiological abnormalities and aberrant blood flow behavior, MDR cancers exhibit several distinctive features such as higher apoptotic threshold, aerobic glycolysis, regions of hypoxia, and elevated activity of drug-efflux transporters. MDR transporters play a pivotal role in protecting the cancer stem cells (CSCs) from chemotherapy. It is speculated that CSCs are instrumental in reviving tumors after the chemo and radiotherapy. In this regard, multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating MDR cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development of MDR and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanoparticles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli responsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Design and testing of paramagnetic liposome-based CEST agents for MRI visualization of payload release on pH-induced and ultrasound stimulation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 19:207-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jain S, Doshi AS, Iyer AK, Amiji MM. Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting cancer and inflammatory diseases. J Drug Target 2013; 21:888-903. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.832769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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39
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Buckway B, Wang Y, Ray A, Ghandehari H. In Vitro Evaluation of HPMA-Copolymers Targeted to HER2 Expressing Pancreatic Tumor Cells for Image Guided Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:92-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Buckway
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Utah Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah University of Utah; 36 S Wasatch Dr., SMBB 5515 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Utah Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah University of Utah; 36 S Wasatch Dr., SMBB 5515 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Abhijit Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Utah Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah University of Utah; 36 S Wasatch Dr., SMBB 5515 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Utah Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah University of Utah; 36 S Wasatch Dr., SMBB 5515 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Center for Nanomedicine; Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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