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Mostafa EM, Musa A, Mohammed HA, Alzarea AI, Abdelgawad MA, Al-Sanea MM, Ismail A, Zafar A, Elmowafy M, Selim S, Khan RA. Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Secondary Metabolites Diversity in Medicinally Viable Plants of the Genus Tylophora. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 36904003 PMCID: PMC10005110 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Tylophora have commonly been used in traditional medicine in various communities, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of climatic zones. Of the nearly 300 species reported in the Tylophora genus, eight are primarily used in various forms to treat a variety of bodily disorders based on the symptoms. Certain plants from the genus have found use as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, smooth muscle relaxant, immunomodulatory, and anti-plasmodium agents, as well as free-radical scavengers. Pharmacologically, a few plant species from the genus have exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity, which has been proven through experimental evaluations. Some of the plants in the genus have also helped in alcohol-induced anxiety amelioration and myocardial damage repair. The plants belonging to the genus have also shown diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and hepato-protective activities. Tylophora plants have afforded diverse structural bases for secondary metabolites, mainly belonging to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to treat several diseases with promising pharmacological activity levels. This review encompasses information on various Tylophora species, their distribution, corresponding plant synonyms, and chemical diversity of the secondary metabolic phytochemicals as reported in the literature, together with their prominent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Faiyum 63514, Egypt
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Shi Y, Shu H, Wang X, Zhao H, Lu C, Lu A, He X. Potential Advantages of Bioactive Compounds Extracted From Traditional Chinese Medicine to Inhibit Bone Destructions in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:561962. [PMID: 33117162 PMCID: PMC7577042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.561962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction is an important pathological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which finally leads to the serious decline of life quality in RA patients. Bone metabolism imbalance is the principal factor of bone destruction in RA, which is manifested by excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inadequate osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Although current drugs alleviate the process of bone destruction to a certain extent, there are still many deficiencies. Recent studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could effectively suppress bone destruction of RA. Some bioactive compounds from TCM have shown good effect on inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting osteoblast proliferation. This article reviews the research progress of bioactive compounds exacted from TCM in inhibiting bone destruction of RA, so as to provide references for further clinical and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Shi
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gupta V, Guleri R, Gupta M, Kaur N, Kaur K, Kumar P, Anand M, Kaur G, Pati PK. Anti-neuroinflammatory potential of Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill and development of an efficient in vitro propagation system for its clinical use. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230142. [PMID: 32210464 PMCID: PMC7094842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed but their long term use is associated with adverse effects. Thus, herbal based medicines are attracting major attraction worldwide as potential therapeutic candidates. Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill is a valuable medicinal plant well known in Ayurvedic practices for its immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-asthmatic and antirheumatic activities. The present study aimed to elucidate the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of water and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of micropropagated plants of T. indica using BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide as an in vitro model system and development of an efficient reproducible protocol for its in vitro cloning. Non cytotoxic doses of the water and hydroalcoholic extracts (0.2μg/ml and 20μg/ml, respectively) were selected using MTT assay. α-Tubulin, Iba-1 and inflammatory cascade proteins like NFκB, AP1 expression was studied using immunostaining to ascertain the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of these extracts. Further, anti-migratory activity was also analyzed by Wound Scratch Assay. Both extracts effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation, migration and the production of nitrite via regulation of the expression of NFκB and AP1 as the possible underlying target molecules. An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro cloning of T. indica through multiple shoot proliferation from nodal segments was established on both solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media supplemented with 15μM and 10μM of Benzyl Amino Purine respectively. Regenerated shoots were rooted on both solid and liquid MS media supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (5–15μM) and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to open field conditions showing 90% survivability. The present study suggests that T. indica may prove to be a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent and may be further explored as a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Further, the current study will expedite the conservation of T. indica ensuring ample supply of this threatened medicinal plant to fulfill its increasing demand in herbal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rupam Guleri
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Paramdeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Anand
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: (PKP); (GK)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: (PKP); (GK)
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Renner J, Thakur A, Rutz PM, Cowley JM, Evangelista JL, Kumar P, Prater MB, Stolley RM, Louie J. Total Synthesis of Indolizidine Alkaloids via Nickel-Catalyzed (4 + 2) Cyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:924-928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Renner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Philipp M. Rutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Jacob M. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Judah L. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Ryan M. Stolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Janis Louie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
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Bach DH, Zhang W, Sood AK. Chromosomal Instability in Tumor Initiation and Development. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3995-4002. [PMID: 31350294 PMCID: PMC7694409 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the major forms of genomic instability in various human cancers and is recognized as a common hallmark of tumorigenesis and heterogeneity. However, some malignant tumors show a paucity of chromosomal alterations, suggesting that tumor progression and evolution can occur in the absence of CIN. It is unclear whether CIN is stable between precursor lesions, primary tumor, and metastases or if it evolves during these steps. In this review, we describe the influence of CIN on the various steps in tumor initiation and development. Given the recognized significant effects of CIN in cancer, CIN-targeted therapeutics could have a major impact on improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Bach DH, Lee SK, Sood AK. Circular RNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:118-129. [PMID: 30861414 PMCID: PMC6411617 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed RNA molecules that are formed by precursor mRNA back-splicing or skipping events of thousands of genes in eukaryotes as covalently closed continuous loops. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches have uncovered the broad expression of circRNAs across species. Their high stability, abundance, and evolutionary conservation among species points to their distinct properties and diverse cellular functions as efficient microRNAs and protein sponges; they also play important roles in modulating transcription and splicing. Additionally, most circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in pathological conditions and in a tissue-specific manner such as development and progression of cancer. Herein, we highlight the characteristics, functions, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in cancer; we also provide an overview of recent progress in the circRNA field and future application of circRNAs as cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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The Role of Platelets in the Tumor-Microenvironment and the Drug Resistance of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020240. [PMID: 30791448 PMCID: PMC6406993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the critical functions in hemostasis, thrombosis and the wounding process, platelets have been increasingly identified as active players in various processes in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. Once activated, platelets can release bioactive contents such as lipids, microRNAs, and growth factors into the bloodstream, subsequently enhancing the platelet⁻cancer interaction and stimulating cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of treatment failure of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated to be associated with platelets. Therefore, understanding how platelets contribute to the tumor microenvironment may potentially identify strategies to suppress cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Herein, we present a review of recent investigations on the role of platelets in the tumor-microenvironment including angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as targeting platelets for cancer treatment, especially in drug resistance.
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Bach DH, Long NP, Luu TTT, Anh NH, Kwon SW, Lee SK. The Dominant Role of Forkhead Box Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3279. [PMID: 30360388 PMCID: PMC6213973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are multifaceted transcription factors that are significantly implicated in cancer, with various critical roles in biological processes. Herein, we provide an overview of several key members of the FOXA, FOXC, FOXM1, FOXO and FOXP subfamilies. Important pathophysiological processes of FOX transcription factors at multiple levels in a context-dependent manner are discussed. We also specifically summarize some major aspects of FOX transcription factors in association with cancer research such as drug resistance, tumor growth, genomic alterations or drivers of initiation. Finally, we suggest that targeting FOX proteins may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | | | | | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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