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Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen R, Xia L. Drug repositioning and ovarian cancer, a study based on Mendelian randomisation analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1376515. [PMID: 38651149 PMCID: PMC11033362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1376515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The role of drug repositioning in the treatment of ovarian cancer has received increasing attention. Although promising results have been achieved, there are also major controversies. Methods In this study, we conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to systematically investigate the reported effects and relevance of traditional drugs in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used in the main analysis to estimate the causal effect. Several MR methods were used simultaneously to test the robustness of the results. Results By screening 31 drugs with 110 targets, FNTA, HSPA5, NEU1, CCND1, CASP1, CASP3 were negatively correlated with ovarian cancer, and HMGCR, PLA2G4A, ITGAL, PTGS1, FNTB were positively correlated with ovarian cancer. Conclusion Statins (HMGCR blockers), lonafarnib (farnesyltransferase inhibitors), the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin, and the anti-malarial drug adiponectin all have potential therapeutic roles in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruoqing Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Tavares V, Marques IS, Melo IGD, Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1845. [PMID: 38339123 PMCID: PMC10856127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients' survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease's (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients' survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Yunianto I, Currie M, Chitcholtan K, Sykes P. Potential drug repurposing of ruxolitinib to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway for the treatment of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2563-2574. [PMID: 37565583 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to describe the potential for therapeutic targeting of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by repurposing the clinically-approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) setting. METHODS We reviewed publications that focus on the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway in hematological and solid malignancies including OC. RESULTS Preclinical studies showed that ruxolitinib effectively reduces OC cell viability and metastasis and enhances the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy drugs. There are a number of recent clinical trials exploring the role of JAK/STAT inhibition in solid cancers including OC. Early results have not adequately supported efficacy in solid tumors. However, there are preclinical data and clinical studies supporting the use of ruxolitinib in combination with both chemotherapy and other targeted drugs in OC setting. CONCLUSION Inflammatory conditions and persistent activation of the JAK/STAT pathway are associated with tumourigenesis and chemoresistance, and therapeutic blockade of this pathway shows promising results. For women with OC, clinical investigation exploring the role of ruxolitinib in combination with chemotherapy agents or other targeted therapeutics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Yunianto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biology Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
| | - Margaret Currie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kenny Chitcholtan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter Sykes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Natale G, Fini E, Calabrò PF, Carli M, Scarselli M, Bocci G. Valproate and lithium: Old drugs for new pharmacological approaches in brain tumors? Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216125. [PMID: 36914086 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its use as an antiepileptic drug, over time valproate has been increasingly used for several other therapeutic applications. Among these, the antineoplastic effects of valproate have been assessed in several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, suggesting that this agent significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. During the last years various clinical trials have tried to find out if valproate co-administration could enhance the antineoplastic activity of chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients and in patients suffering from brain metastases, demonstrating that the inclusion of valproate in the therapeutic schedule causes an improved median overall survival in some studies, but not in others. Thus, the effects of the use of concomitant valproate in brain cancer patients are still controversial. Similarly, lithium has been tested as an anticancer drug in several preclinical studies mainly using the unregistered formulation of lithium chloride salts. Although, there are no data showing that the anticancer effects of lithium chloride are superimposable to the registered lithium carbonate, this formulation has shown preclinical activity in glioblastoma and hepatocellular cancers. However, few but interesting clinical trials have been performed with lithium carbonate on a very small number of cancer patients. Based on published data, valproate could represent a potential complementary therapeutic approach to enhance the anticancer activity of brain cancer standard chemotherapy. Same advantageous characteristics are less convincing for lithium carbonate. Therefore, the planning of specific phase III studies is necessary to validate the repositioning of these drugs in present and future oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy; Museum of Human Anatomy "Filippo Civinini", University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Bocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Wang Z, Yue G, Ji X, Song H, Yan P, Zhao J, Jia X. Tandem Michael Addition-Cyclization of Nitroalkenes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Accompanied by Removal of Nitro Group. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14131-14143. [PMID: 34494850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A tandem Michael addition-cyclization of nitroalkenes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed using phase transfer catalyst (PTC), allowing for the synthesis of polysubstituted-[4,5]-dihydrofuran in high yields. A wide range of substrates were demonstrated by this one-step process. Meanwhile, nitro group was substituted to form corresponding nitrite ion detected in the aqueous phase providing a reasonable pathway for denitrating poisonous and explosive nitro-containing compounds. The proposed mechanism was also supported by our DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Guoren Yue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Hai Song
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Penji Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences Cattinara University Hospital University of Trieste Strada di Fiume 447 I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via Valerio 6/A I 34127 Trieste, Italy
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