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Zhang M, Yue H, Liu Y, Li H, Yin Y, Sun Z, Cui P, Li F, Chen X, Huang X. Biomarking and Induction of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Using Bifunctional Polyethyleneimine-Caged Platinum Nanoclusters. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898917. [PMID: 35719961 PMCID: PMC9204061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2020 GLOBOCAN Global Cancer Women's Cancer Data, ovarian cancer is the eighth most common tumor in humans. Still, its mortality rate ranks first among all gynecological tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of 30% to 50%. Widespread clinical use of platinum-based drugs has improved survival outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, but organ toxicity and drug resistance hinder their anticancer effects. In particular, the resistance to platinum drugs is an important reason for ovarian cancer's high recurrence rate and mortality. With the development of chemotherapeutic drugs synthesized by nanomaterials in the biomedical field, we developed bifunctional ultrafine polyethyleneimine caged platinum nanoclusters (PEI-Pt NCs) to improve the dilemma of platinum drugs. This study aimed to elucidate the antitumor effect of PEI-Pt NCs in OC. First, as observed by confocal microscopy, Pt NCs entered OC cells in a dose-dependent manner and accumulated on the surface of the nuclear membrane and in the nucleus. Subsequently, through cck8, ki-67 immunofluorescence, wound healing assay, transwell assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, tunel staining, and western blotting assay, it was confirmed that PEI-Pt NCs could inhibit the proliferation and migration and induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. PEI-Pt NCs can be used as fluorescent markers for systemic bioimaging of ovarian cancer, showing great potential in diagnosing and treating ovarian cancer, and making a specific contribution to solving the dilemma of platinum-based drug therapy for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Department of Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Light Chemical Engineering, School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Xi S, Yang YG, Suo J, Sun T. Research Progress on Gene Editing Based on Nano-Drug Delivery Vectors for Tumor Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:873369. [PMID: 35419357 PMCID: PMC8996155 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.873369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a serious threat to human health and have high fatality rates. Conventional clinical anti-tumor treatment is mainly based on traditional surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and interventional therapy, and even though these treatment methods are constantly updated, a satisfactory efficacy is yet to be obtained. Therefore, research on novel cancer treatments is being actively pursued. We review the classification of gene therapies of malignant tumors and their advantages, as well as the development of gene editing techniques. We further reveal the nano-drug delivery carrier effect in improving the efficiency of gene editing. Finally, we summarize the progress in recent years of gene editing techniques based on nano-drug delivery carriers in the treatment of various malignant tumors, and analyze the prospects of the technique and its restricting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Xi
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Department, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Suo
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Department, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Tianmeng Sun, ; Jian Suo,
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Tianmeng Sun, ; Jian Suo,
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Actively Targeted Nanomedicines in Breast Cancer: From Pre-Clinal Investigation to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051198. [PMID: 35267507 PMCID: PMC8909490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite all the efforts and advances made in the treatment of breast cancer, this pathology continues to be one of the main causes of cancer death in women, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and, although to a lesser degree, HER-2 receptor-positive tumors. Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments available. However, it shows numerous limitations due to its lack of selectivity. In this sense, the selective delivery of antineoplastics to cancer cells can reduce their adverse effects and increase their efficacy. The use of active targeted nanomedicine is a good strategy to achieve this selective chemotherapy. In fact, in recent decades, several active targeted nanoformulations have been approved or reached clinical investigation with excellent results. Among all nanomedicines, antibody-drug conjugates are the most promising. Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors and the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The use of nanosystems specifically targeted to tumor cells (active targeting) can be an excellent therapeutic tool to improve and optimize current chemotherapy for this type of neoplasm, since they make it possible to reduce the toxicity and, in some cases, increase the efficacy of antineoplastic drugs. Currently, there are 14 nanomedicines that have reached the clinic for the treatment of breast cancer, 4 of which are already approved (Kadcyla®, Enhertu®, Trodelvy®, and Abraxane®). Most of these nanomedicines are antibody–drug conjugates. In the case of HER-2-positive breast cancer, these conjugates (Kadcyla®, Enhertu®, Trastuzumab-duocarmycin, RC48, and HT19-MMAF) target HER-2 receptors, and incorporate maytansinoid, deruxtecan, duocarmicyn, or auristatins as antineoplastics. In TNBC these conjugates (Trodelvy®, Glembatumumab-Vedotin, Ladiratuzumab-vedotin, Cofetuzumab-pelidotin, and PF-06647263) are directed against various targets, in particular Trop-2 glycoprotein, NMB glycoprotein, Zinc transporter LIV-1, and Ephrin receptor-4, to achieve this selective accumulation, and include campthotecins, calicheamins, or auristatins as drugs. Apart from the antibody–drug conjugates, there are other active targeted nanosystems that have reached the clinic for the treatment of these tumors such as Abraxane® and Nab-rapamicyn (albumin nanoparticles entrapping placlitaxel and rapamycin respectively) and various liposomes (MM-302, C225-ILS-Dox, and MM-310) loaded with doxorubicin or docetaxel and coated with ligands targeted to Ephrin A2, EPGF, or HER-2 receptors. In this work, all these active targeted nanomedicines are discussed, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages over conventional chemotherapy as well as the challenges involved in their lab to clinical translation. In addition, examples of formulations developed and evaluated at the preclinical level are also discussed.
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Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI, Alonso-González M, Fernández-Carballido A, Fraguas-Sánchez AI. Active Targeted Nanoformulations via Folate Receptors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 35056911 PMCID: PMC8781617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal tissues, the expression of folate receptors is low and limited to cells that are important for embryonic development or for folate reabsorption. However, in several pathological conditions some cells, such as cancer cells and activated macrophages, overexpress folate receptors (FRs). This overexpression makes them a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases to obtain a selective delivery of drugs at altered cells level, and thus to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the systemic toxicity of the pharmacological treatments. Two strategies have been used to achieve this folate receptor targeting: (i) the use of ligands with high affinity to FRs (e.g., folic acid or anti-FRs monoclonal antibodies) linked to the therapeutic agents or (ii) the use of nanocarriers whose surface is decorated with these ligands and in which the drug is encapsulated. This manuscript analyzes the use of FRs as a target to develop new therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases with an emphasis on the nanoformulations that have been developed for both therapeutic and imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alonso-González
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Martín-Sabroso C, Lozza I, Torres-Suárez AI, Fraguas-Sánchez AI. Antibody-Antineoplastic Conjugates in Gynecological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1705. [PMID: 34683998 PMCID: PMC8541375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), normally formed by a humanized antibody and a small drug via a chemical cleavable or non-cleavable linker, have emerged as a potential treatment strategy in cancer disease. They allow to get a selective delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents at the tumor level, and, consequently, to improve the antitumor efficacy and, especially to decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity. Currently, nine antibody-drug conjugate-based formulations have been already approved and more than 80 are under clinical trials for the treatment of several tumors, especially breast cancer, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. To date, no ADCs have been approved for the treatment of gynecological formulations, but many formulations have been developed and have reached the clinical stage, especially for the treatment of ovarian cancer, an aggressive disease with a low five-year survival rate. This manuscript analyzes the ADCs formulations that are under clinical research in the treatment of gynecological carcinomas, specifically ovarian, endometrial, and cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lozza
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (I.L.); (A.I.T.-S.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Development of Innovative Formulations for Breast Cancer Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113281. [PMID: 33171899 PMCID: PMC7694498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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