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Malik P, Rani R, Solanki R, Patel VH, Mukherjee TK. Understanding the feasibility of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic targets against non-small cell lung cancers: an update of resistant responses and recent combinatorial therapies. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:850-895. [PMID: 37970206 PMCID: PMC10645466 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite consistent progress in prompt diagnosis and curative therapies in the last decade, lung cancer (LC) continues to threaten mankind, accounting for nearly twice the casualties compared to prostate, breast, and other cancers. Statistics associate ~25% of 2021 cancer-related deaths with LC, more than 80% of which are explicitly caused by tobacco smoking. Prevailing as small and non-small cell pathologies, with respective occurring frequency of nearly 15% and 80-85%, non-small cell LCs (NSCLCs) are prominently distinguished into lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), subtypes. Since the first use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib for NSCLC treatment in 2002, immense progress has been made for targeted therapies with the next generation of drugs spanning across the chronological generations of small molecule inhibitors. The last two years have overseen the clinical approval of more than 10 therapeutic agents as first-line NSCLC medications. However, uncertain mutational aberrations as well as systemic resistant responses, and abysmal overall survival curtail the combating efficacies. Of late, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against various molecules including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been demonstrated as reliable LC treatment targets. Keeping these aspects in mind, this review article discusses the success of NSCLC chemo and immunotherapies with their characteristic effectiveness and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Ruma Rani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
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Siudem P, Szeleszczuk Ł, Zielińska A, Paradowska K. 13C CPMAS NMR as an Alternative Method to Verify the Quality of Dietary Supplements Containing Curcumin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083442. [PMID: 37110676 PMCID: PMC10143288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric is a traditional Indian spice that has recently become very popular worldwide because it contains a powerful ingredient called curcumin, which has strong anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, dietary supplements containing extracts rich in curcumin have gained great popularity. The main problems related to curcumin-containing dietary supplements are poor water solubility and the fact that they are often faked by using synthetic curcumin instead of the plant extract. In this article, we propose the use of the 13C CPMAS NMR method to control the quality of dietary supplements. The analysis of 13C CPMAS NMR spectra supported by GIPAW computations allowed us to identify a polymorphic form present in dietary supplements (which affected the solubility of curcumin) and to point out a dietary supplement that could be faked by using synthetic curcumin. Further PXRD and HPLC investigations confirmed that the examined supplement contained synthetic curcumin instead of the genuine extract. Our method can be used for routine control, especially because the investigation is performed directly from the capsule/tablet content and does not require any special sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Siudem
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zielińska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paradowska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Malik P, Singh R, Kumar M, Malik A, Mukherjee TK. Understanding the Phytoestrogen Genistein Actions on Breast Cancer: Insights on Estrogen Receptor Equivalence, Pleiotropic Essence and Emerging Paradigms in Bioavailability Modulation. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:1395-1413. [PMID: 36597609 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230103163023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prevalent as a major phenolic ingredient of soy and soy products, genistein is recognized as an eminent phytoestrogen owing to its interacting ability with estrogen receptors (ERs). The metabolic conversion of plant-derived genistin to genistein by gut microbes and intestinal enzymes enhances its absorption at intestinal pH of ~7.5-7.8. Genistein interferes in breast cancer (BC) development via pleiotropic actions on cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Though multiple investigations have demonstrated genistein intake-driven reduced BC risk, similar efficacy has not been replicated in clinical trials. Furthermore, multiple studies have structurally and functionally equated genistein extents with 17-β-estradiol (E2), the most available physiological estrogen in females, culminating in aggravated BC growth. Of note, both genistein and E2 function via interacting with ERs (ERα and ERβ). However, although E2 shows almost equal affinity towards both ERα and ERβ, genistein shows more affinity towards ERβ than ERα. Our cautious literature survey revealed typical intake mode, ER expression pattern and the ratio of ERα and ERβ, transactivators/ regulators of ERα and ERβ expression and activities, patient age, and menopausal status as decisive factors affecting genistein BC activities. Of further interest are the mechanisms by which genistein inhibits triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which lack ERs, progesterone receptors (PRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2). Herein, we attempt to understand the dosage-specific genistein actions in BC cells and patients with an insight into its better response via derivative development, nanocarrier-assisted, and combinatorial delivery with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Anuj Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Malik P, Bernela M, Seth M, Kaushal P, Mukherjee TK. Recent Progress in the Hesperetin Delivery Regimes: Significance of Pleiotropic Actions and Synergistic Anticancer Efficacy. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2954-2976. [PMID: 38173051 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128253609231030070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the plant kingdom, flavonoids are widely distributed with multifunctional immunomodulatory actions. Hesperetin (HST) remains one of the well-studied compounds in this domain, initially perceived in citrus plants as an aglycone derivative of hesperidin (HDN). OBSERVATIONS Natural origin, low in vivo toxicity, and pleiotropic functional essence are the foremost fascinations for HST use as an anticancer drug. However, low aqueous solubility accompanied with a prompt degradation by intestinal and hepatocellular enzymes impairs HST physiological absorption. MOTIVATION Remedies attempted herein comprise the synthesis of derivatives and nanocarrier (NC)-mediated delivery. As the derivative synthesis aggravates the structural complexity, NC-driven HST delivery has emerged as a sustainable approach for its sustained release. Recent interest in HST has been due to its significant anticancer potential, characterized via inhibited cell division (proliferation), new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), forceful occupation of neighboring cell's space (invasion), migration to erstwhile physiological locations (metastasis) and apoptotic induction. The sensitization of chemotherapeutic drugs (CDs) by HST is driven via stoichiometrically regulated synergistic actions. Purpose and Conclusion: This article sheds light on HST structure-function correlation and pleiotropic anticancer mechanisms, in unaided and NC-administered delivery in singular and with CDs synergy. The discussion could streamline the HST usefulness and long-term anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Manju Bernela
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143001, India
| | - Mahima Seth
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Kaushal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Li W, Little N, Park J, Foster CA, Chen J, Lu J. Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Targeting Nanoparticles for Enhancing Solid Tumor Therapy: Progress and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2889-2905. [PMID: 34260250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though nanoparticle drug delivery systems (nanoDDSs) have improved antitumor efficacy by delivering more drugs to tumor sites compared to free and unencapsulated therapeutics, achieving satisfactory distribution and penetration of nanoDDSs inside solid tumors, especially in stromal fibrous tumors, remains challenging. As one of the most common stromal cells in solid tumors, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) not only promote tumor growth and metastasis but also reduce the drug delivery efficiency of nanoparticles through the tumor's inherent physical and physiological barriers. Thus, TAFs have been emerging as attractive targets, and TAF-targeting nanotherapeutics have been extensively explored to enhance the tumor delivery efficiency and efficacy of various anticancer agents. The purpose of this Review is to opportunely summarize the underlying mechanisms of TAFs on obstructing nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery into tumors and discuss the current advances of a plethora of nanotherapeutic approaches for effectively targeting TAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Li
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas Little
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jonghan Park
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Cole Alexander Foster
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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