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Piechocki M, Przewłocki T, Pieniążek P, Trystuła M, Podolec J, Kabłak-Ziembicka A. A Non-Coronary, Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerotic Disease (Carotid, Renal, Lower Limb) in Elderly Patients-A Review: Part I-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Atherosclerosis-Related Diversities in Elderly Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1471. [PMID: 38592280 PMCID: PMC10935176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a generalized and progressive disease. Ageing is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis progression that is associated with the increased incidence of ischemic events in supplied organs, including stroke, coronary events, limb ischemia, or renal failure. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and major disability in adults ≥ 75 years of age. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease affects everyday activity and quality of life, and it is associated with reduced life expectancy. Although there is evidence on coronary artery disease management in the elderly, there is insufficient data on the management in older patients presented with atherosclerotic lesions outside the coronary territory. Despite this, trials and observational studies systematically exclude older patients, particularly those with severe comorbidities, physical or cognitive dysfunctions, frailty, or residence in a nursing home. This results in serious critical gaps in knowledge and a lack of guidance on the appropriate medical treatment and referral for endovascular or surgical interventions. Therefore, we attempted to gather data on the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies in patients with extra-coronary atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piechocki
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Przewłocki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pieniążek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Trystuła
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Jakub Podolec
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Laboratory, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
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Facts and ideas on statins with respect to their lipophilicity: a focus on skeletal muscle cells and bone besides known cardioprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04621-y. [PMID: 36471123 PMCID: PMC9734727 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Statins are known to block cholesterol synthesis in the liver. They also exhibit non-lipid pleiotropic effects due to the inhibition of protein prenylation, thereby modulating various signaling pathways of cellular homeostasis and integrity. Both lipid control and pleiotropic action of statins are clinically used, mainly for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Because the prescription of statins is increasing and statin therapy is often lifelong, in particular in patients with other risk factors, safety issues being associated with polymorbidity and polypragmasia as well as the persistence with and adherence to statins are specific points of attention of clinicians and clinical pharmacologists. Furthermore, because skeletal myocytes have a cholesterol inhibitory sensitivity greater than hepatocytes, a choice of an appropriate statin based on its lipophilicity and the associated likelihood of its side effects on skeletal muscle cells and bone is warranted in such polymorbid patients. These approaches can effectively modulate the risk: benefit ratio and highlight a need for personalized therapy as much as possible, thereby minimizing risk of discontinuation of therapy and poor compliance.
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Wang K, Xu Z, Liao X. Bioactive compounds, health benefits and functional food products of sea buckthorn: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6761-6782. [PMID: 33783272 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1905605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), which has been categorized as a "medicine food homology" fruit by China's National Health Commission for both nutritional and medicinal purposes, has nearly 200 kinds of nutritive and bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, sugar alcohols, superoxide dismutase and phytosterols. Significant bioactivity, including cardiovascular improvement, antidiabetic and anti-obesity activity, have highlighted the application of sea buckthorn. This review compiled a database of the phytochemical compounds in sea buckthorn, which contains the contents of 106 nutrients and 74 bioactive compounds. The health benefits of sea buckthorn and its extracts were summarized and the mechanism of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation were introduced in detail. Seventeen common marketed products of sea buckthorn from 8 countries were collected. A future scope is really needed to explore the mechanism of sea buckthorn bioactive compounds along with the incorporation cost-effective functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Scicchitano P, Cortese F, Gesualdo M, De Palo M, Massari F, Giordano P, Ciccone MM. The role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cerebrovascular diseases. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:579-595. [PMID: 31106620 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1620939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scicchitano
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital “F. Perinei”, Altamura, Italy
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cortese
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Micaela De Palo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology – Paediatric Unit, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Yaribeygi H, Farrokhi FR, Rezaee R, Sahebkar A. Oxidative stress induces renal failure: A review of possible molecular pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:2990-2998. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Health Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farin R. Farrokhi
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Fu N, Yang S, Zhang J, Zhang P, Liang M, Cong H, Lin W, Tian F, Lu C. The efficacy of probucol combined with hydration in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:105-112. [PMID: 29071556 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the preventive effect of probucol combined with hydration on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS A total of 641 patients undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to either a probucol group (probucol 500 mg twice daily and hydration; n = 321) or a control group (hydration only; n = 320). The primary endpoint was the incidence of CIN, defined as an increase in serum creatinine (Scr) by ≥ 44.2 μmol/L or ≥ 25% within 72 h after the administration of contrast agent. Secondary endpoints were changes in Scr, cystatin-C (Cys-C), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), C-reactive protein (CRP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) within 72 h, and major adverse events during hospitalization or the 14-day follow-up period. RESULTS The incidence of CIN was 4.0% (13/321) in the probucol group and 10.9% (35/320) in the control group. The probucol group had lower Cys-C and higher Ccr at 48 and 72 h after PCI compared with the control group. At 48 and 72 h following the operation, Cys-C and CRP were lower in the probucol group compared with the control group, but Ccr, SOD, and GSH were higher. There were no differences in the incidence of major adverse events during hospitalization or the 14-day follow-up between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that probucol was an independent protective factor for CIN. CONCLUSIONS Probucol combined with hydration more effectively decreased the incidence of CIN in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing PCI compared with hydration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261, Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261, Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261, Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261, Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Min Liang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261, Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Wenhua Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Teda International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengshi Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Nikolic T, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Stojic I, Jeremic N, Jeremic J, Radonjic K, Stankovic S, Obrenovic R, Djuric D, Jakovljevic V. Effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on oxidative stress in diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Wistar albino rats: a comparative study. Mol Cell Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28620818 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Considering the well-known antioxidant properties of statins, it seems important to assess their impact on major markers of oxidative stress (superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide, and index of lipid peroxidation) to compare the antioxidative potentials of atorvastatin and simvastatin during the different degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. This study was conducted on adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 90; 4 weeks old; 100 ± 15 g body mass) in which HHcy was achieved by dietary manipulation. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed with one of the following diets: standard rodent chow, diet enriched in methionine with no deficiency in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12), or diet enriched in methionine and deficient in B vitamins (folic acid, B6, and B12). At the same time, animals were treated with atorvastatin at doses of 3 mg/kg/day i.p. or simvastatin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day i.p. Levels of superoxide anion radical and TBARS were significantly decreased by administration of simvastatin in normal and high-homocysteine (Hcy) groups (p < 0.05). At 4 weeks after feeding with purified diets, the concentrations of the GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants were significantly affected among all groups (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that statin therapy had variable effects on the redox status in hyperhomocysteinemic rats, and simvastatin demonstrated stronger antioxidant effects than did atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Stojic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - N Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - K Radonjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S Stankovic
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Obrenovic
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica str. 69, P.O. Box 124, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia. .,Department of Human Pathology, University IM Sechenov, 1st Moscow State Medical, Moscow, Russia.
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Therapeutic Targeting of Cellular Stress to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Evidence. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2017; 17:83-95. [PMID: 27778192 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-016-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of effective drugs targeting the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has reduced morbidity and mortality. Cumulative relative risk of CVD events can be reduced by 75 % with a combination of aspirin, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (β-blocker), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin), and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The principal pharmacodynamics of these drugs cannot explain the entirety of their cardioprotective action, as other drugs with similar pharmacologic targets have not been associated with favorable clinical effects. This raises the possibility that the cardioprotective drugs have a unique pleiotropic activity that contributes to their clinical efficacy. Recent data suggest that reducing cellular stress such as oxidative, inflammatory, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, might be a common denominator of the drugs with proven efficacy in reducing CVD risk. In this communication, the evidence in favor of this hypothesis is discussed, and ongoing trials with therapeutic agents targeting cellular stresses are reviewed.
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Chuang LY, Guh JY, Ye YL, Lee YH, Huang JS. Effects of probucol on cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:331-339. [PMID: 30090349 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol is considered to be an important agent in promoting anti-oxidative action and protecting against tissue injury. However, little is known about the effects of probucol on the progression of ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probucol on cellular proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells (PA-1 and SKOV-3) and explore the anti-proliferative mechanism of probucol in these cells. We found that probucol decreased cell growth in PA-1 and SKOV-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with probucol had no effect on cytotoxicity, the percentages of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3 activity when compared with the vehicle group. No significant differences in the protein expression of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were observed, both of which were markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. The inhibition of cellular proliferation by probucol was caused by G1-phase arrest through regulating proteins associated with cell cycle progression, such as cyclin D1, p21Waf1/Cip1, and p27Kip1. A further study revealed that probucol strongly impaired the phosphorylation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). It also suppressed the activation of ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Moreover, the NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC), the ERK inhibitor (PD98059), the JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) markedly attenuated the growth of these cells. Our results indicate that probucol induces anti-proliferative effects via blocking of cell cycle progression and inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology , National Formosa University , Yunlin , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-6-2674567-420
| | - Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-6-2674567-420
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Riahi S, Mohammadi MT, Sobhani V, Ababzadeh S. Chronic Aerobic Exercise Decreases Lectin-Like Low Density Lipoprotein (LOX-1) Receptor Expression in Heart of Diabetic Rat. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 20:26-32. [PMID: 26432573 PMCID: PMC4689279 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of lectin-like low density lipoprotein (LOX-1) receptor plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications such as atherosclerosis. Based on the beneficial effects of exercise on preventing cardiovascular complications of diabetes, we aimed to examine the protective effects of aerobic exercise on expression of LOX-1 receptor and production of free radicals in the heart of diabetic rats. METHODS Four groups of rats were used: (n = 5 per group): sedentary normal, trained normal, sedentary diabetes and trained diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The exercise protocol was consisted of swimming 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Plasma glucose was evaluated at initiation, weeks 4 and 8 of experiment. At the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed and the heart was removed for determination of nitrate, malondialdehyde, and LOX-1 gene expression. RESULTS In normal non-diabetic rats, the blood glucose level was <150 mg/dl; however, the induction of diabetes resulted in levels more than >400 mg/dl. Gene expression of LOX-1 was increased in the heart of diabetic rats. Exercise reduced the gene expression of this protein in diabetic states without reducing the blood glucose. Finally, swimming exercise decreased the malondialdehyde and nitrate levels in heart tissue both in control and diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Swimming exercise reduces heart expression of the LOX-1 receptor in accompany with reduction of free radicals production. Since these parameters are important in generation of diabetic complications, swimming exercise is a good candidate for reducing these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Riahi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Dept. Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Wang N, Wei RB, Li QP, Yang X, Li P, Huang MJ, Wang R, Cai GY, Chen XM. Renal Protective Effect of Probucol in Rats with Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and its Underlying Mechanism. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2886-92. [PMID: 26408630 PMCID: PMC4588667 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) refers to acute renal damage that occurs after the use of contrast agents. This study investigated the renal protective effect of probucol in a rat model of contrast-induced nephropathy and the mechanism of its effect. Material/Methods Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, N-acetylcysteine(NAC) group, and probucol group. We used a rat model of iopromide-induced CIN. One day prior to modeling, the rats received gavage. At 24 h after the modeling, blood biochemistry and urine protein were assessed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in renal tissue. Kidney sections were created for histopathological examination. Results The model group of rats showed significantly elevated levels of blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, 24-h urine protein, histopathological scores, and parameters of oxidative stress (P<0.05). Both the NAC and probucol groups demonstrated significantly lower Scr, BUN, and urine protein levels compared to the model group (P<0.05), with no significant difference between these 2 groups. The NAC group and the probucol group had significantly lower MDA and higher SOD than the model group at 24 h after modeling (P<0.05). The 8-OHdG-positive tubule of the probucol group and NAC group were significantly lower than those of the model group (p=0.046, P=0.0008), with significant difference between these 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions Probucol can effectively reduce kidney damage caused by contrast agent. The underlying mechanism may be that probucol accelerates the recovery of renal function and renal pathology by reducing local renal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ri-Bao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Meng-Jie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is invariably associated with abnormal blood lipid profile, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Stress, smoking, high saturated fat intake as well as low fruit and vegetable intakes have been shown to increase oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia, which increase the predisposition of diabetic subjects to atherosclerosis, stroke and coronary heart disease. The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by oxidative stress is essential for the development of atherosclerosis, and the reduction in oxidative stress as well as blood glucose and cholesterol is considered critical for the prevention of diabetes-induced CVD. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated that vitamin C and vitamin E decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease, different clinical trials have failed to support the beneficial effect of these antioxidants. Nonetheless, it has been suggested that natural forms of these vitamins may be more efficacious than synthetic vitamins, and this may explain the inconsistencies in results. Antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and resveratrol, have also been shown to attenuate the diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. It has been indicated that the antioxidant therapy may be effective in a prevention strategy rather than as a treatment for CVD. The evidence presented here supports the view that cardiovascular complications in diabetes may be induced by oxidative stress and appropriate antioxidant therapy may be promising for attenuating the progression of diabetes-induced CVD.
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Abstract
Although heart disease due to diabetes is mainly associated with complications of the large vessels, microvascular abnormalities are also considered to be involved in altering cardiac structure and function. Three major defects, such as endothelial dysfunction, alteration in the production/release of hormones, and shift in metabolism of smooth muscle cells, have been suggested to produce damage to the small arteries and capillaries (microangiopathy) due to hyperglycemia, and promote the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. These factors may either act alone or in combination to produce oxidative stress as well as changes in cellular signaling and gene transcription, which in turn cause vasoconstriction and structural remodeling of the coronary vessels. Such alterations in microvasculature produce hypoperfusion of the myocardium and thereby lower the energy status resulting in changes in Ca(2+)-handling, apoptosis, and decreased cardiac contractile force. This article discusses diabetes-induced mechanisms of microvascular damage leading to cardiac dysfunction that is characterized by myocardial dilatation, cardiac hypertrophy as well as early diastolic and late systolic defects. Metabolic defects and changes in neurohumoral system due to diabetes, which promote disturbances in vascular homeostasis, are highlighted. In addition, increase in the vulnerability of the diabetic heart to the development of heart failure and the signaling pathways integrating nuclear factor κB and protein kinase C in diabetic cardiomyopathy are also described for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adameova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital Research, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
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Dietary intake of carotenoids and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular care. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:782137. [PMID: 24489447 PMCID: PMC3893834 DOI: 10.1155/2013/782137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease related to atherosclerosis represents nowadays the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Due to inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis, several studies had been conducted in order to search for substances with anti-inflammatory activity on arterial walls, able to exert beneficial roles on health. Researches investigated the role of dietary carotenoids supplementation on cardiovascular disease, due to their free radicals scavenger properties and their skills in improving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol resistance to oxidation. Nevertheless, literature data are conflicting: although some studies found a positive relationship between carotenoids supplementation and cardiovascular risk reduction, others did not find any positive effects or even prooxidant actions. This paper aimed at defining the role of carotenoids supplementation on cardiovascular risk profile by reviewing literature data, paying attention to those carotenoids more present in our diet (β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin).
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15
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Tappia PS, Xu YJ, Dhalla NS. Reduction of cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease risk factors by alternative therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Xu YJ, Zhang M, Ji L, Elimban V, Chen L, Dhalla NS. Suppression of high lipid diet induced by atherosclerosis sarpogrelate. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2394-400. [PMID: 22348587 PMCID: PMC3823433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarpogrelate (SP), a serotonin (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist, is used as an anti-platelet agent for the treatment of some vascular diseases. SP has been reported to inhibit 5-HT induced coronary artery spasm, increase in intracellular calcium and smooth muscle cells proliferation. This study was undertaken to test that SP suppresses the development of atherosclerosis due to high cholesterol diet (HCD) by decreasing blood viscosity and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 29 rabbits were divided into four groups: control group (normal diet); normal diet group with SP at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day; HCD group fed 1% cholesterol; and HCD group with SP at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day. After 90 days of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the animals were killed; the thoracic aorta was stained by the Oil Red O staining method. The results indicate that plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde were increased in rabbits fed HCD. Plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity were also higher in the HCD group than that in normal diet group. Treatment with SP prevented these alterations induced by HCD whereas this agent had no significant effect in rabbits fed normal diet. Morphological examination of the aorta revealed that SP treatment prevented the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. It is suggested that the beneficial effects of SP in atherosclerosis may be due to actions on blood viscosity, lipid levels and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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Jurček O, Ikonen S, Buřičová L, Wimmerová M, Wimmer Z, Drašar P, Horníček J, Galandáková A, Ulrichová J, Kolehmainen ET. Succinobucol's new coat--conjugation with steroids to alter its drug effect and bioavailability. Molecules 2011; 16:9404-20. [PMID: 22075571 PMCID: PMC6264583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis, detailed structural characterization (X-ray, NMR, MS, IR, elemental analysis), and studies of toxicity, antioxidant activity and bioavailability of unique potent anti-atherosclerotic succinobucol-steroid conjugates are reported. The conjugates consist of, on one side, the therapeutically important drug succinobucol ([4-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[(1-{[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-4-oxo-butanoic acid]) possessing an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and on the other side, plant stanol/sterols (stigmastanol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) possessing an ability to lower the blood cholesterol level. A cholesterol-succinobucol prodrug was also prepared in order to enhance the absorption of succinobucol through the intestinal membrane into the organism and to target the drug into the place of lipid metabolism-The enterohepatic circulation system. Their low toxicity towards mice fibroblasts at maximal concentrations, their antioxidant activity, comparable or even higher than that of ascorbic acid as determined by direct quenching of the DPPH radical, and their potential for significantly altering total and LDL cholesterol levels, suggest that these conjugates merit further studies in the treatment of cardiovascular or other related diseases. A brief discussion of succinobucol's ability to quench the radicals, supported with a computational model of the electrostatic potential mapped on the electron density surface of the drug, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Jurček
- Department of Chemistry, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Finland; (S.I.); (E.T.K.)
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (M.W.); (Z.W.)
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Satu Ikonen
- Department of Chemistry, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Finland; (S.I.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Lucie Buřičová
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (M.W.); (Z.W.)
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Martina Wimmerová
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (M.W.); (Z.W.)
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (M.W.); (Z.W.)
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Horníček
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Department of Spectroscopy and Physical Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Adéla Galandáková
- Palacký University in Olomouc, Institute of Translational and Molecular Medicine, Hněvotínská 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Alfa. (A.G.); (J.U.)
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Palacký University in Olomouc, Institute of Translational and Molecular Medicine, Hněvotínská 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Alfa. (A.G.); (J.U.)
| | - Erkki T. Kolehmainen
- Department of Chemistry, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Finland; (S.I.); (E.T.K.)
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18
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Furan fatty acid as an anti-inflammatory component from the green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17533-7. [PMID: 21972415 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110577108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipid extract of Perna canaliculus (New Zealand green-lipped mussel) has reportedly displayed anti-inflammatory effects in animal models and in human controlled studies. However, the anti-inflammatory lipid components have not been investigated in detail due to the instability of the lipid extract, which has made the identification of the distinct active components a formidable task. Considering the instability of the active component, we carefully fractionated a lipid extract of Perna canaliculus (Lyprinol) and detected furan fatty acids (F-acids). These naturally but rarely detected fatty acids show potent radical-scavenging ability and are essential constituents of plants and algae. Based on these data, it has been proposed that F-acids could be potential antioxidants, which may contribute to the protective properties of fish and fish oil diets against chronic inflammatory diseases. However, to date, in vivo data to support the hypothesis have not been obtained, presumably due to the limited availability of F-acids. To confirm the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of F-acids in comparison with that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), we developed a semisynthetic preparation and examined its anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Indeed, the F-acid ethyl ester exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory activity than that of the EPA ethyl ester. We report on the in vivo activity of F-acids, confirming that the lipid extract of the green-lipped mussel includes an unstable fatty acid that is more effective than EPA.
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Emeto TI, Moxon JV, Rush C, Woodward L, Golledge J. Relevance of urocortins to cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:299-307. [PMID: 21689660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acquired cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease and related vascular problems contribute to more than one-third of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In many instances, particularly in the under developed world, cardiovascular diseases are diagnosed at a late stage limiting the scope for improving outcomes. A range of therapies already exist for established cardiovascular disease, although there is significant interest in further understanding disease pathogenesis in order to improve diagnosis and achieve primary and secondary therapeutic goals. The urocortins are a group of recently defined peptide members of the corticotrophin-releasing factor family. Previous pre-clinical work and human association studies suggest that urocortins have potential to exert some beneficial and other detrimental effects on the heart and major blood vessels. More current evidence however favours beneficial effects of urocortins, for example these peptides have been shown to inhibit production of reactive oxygen species and vascular cell apoptosis, and thus may have potential to antagonise the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarises published data on the potential role of urocortins in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus I Emeto
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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20
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Cáceres M, Romero A, Copaja M, Díaz-Araya G, Martínez J, Smith PC. Simvastatin alters fibroblastic cell responses involved in tissue repair. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:456-63. [PMID: 21395587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Statins have been used to control hypercholesterolemia. However, these drugs also exert pleiotropic effects that include the modulation of inflammation and cell signaling. The present study has analyzed the effects of simvastatin on several cell responses involved in tissue repair, including cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion, actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary cultures of gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with simvastatin. Cell adhesion was evaluated using a colorimetric assay. Cell spreading was evaluated microscopically. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using a scratch wound-healing assay and a bicameral cell culture system, respectively. Changes in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion assembly were evaluated through immunofluorescence for actin, vinculin and active β1 integrin. Rac activation was evaluated by means of a pull-down assay. Cell viability was assessed using a colorimetric assay that determines mitochondrial functionality. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Simvastatin diminished cell adhesion and spreading over a fibronectin matrix. It also altered the closure of scratch wounds induced on cell monolayers and cell invasion through a Transwell system. Simvastatin-treated cells displayed an altered lamellipodia with poorly developed focal adhesion contacts and reduced levels of β1 integrin activation. During cell spreading, simvastatin diminished Rac activation. CONCLUSION The present study shows that simvastatin may alter cell migration by disrupting the cell signaling networks that regulate the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. This mechanism may affect the response of gingival mesenchymal cells during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cáceres
- Laboratory of Periodontal Physiology, Dentistry Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Vaziri ND. Air pollution and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2011; 4:37-52. [PMID: 23626660 PMCID: PMC3634798 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-010-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical components of air pollutant exposures that induce oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation may be partly responsible for associations of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with airborne particulate matter and combustion-related pollutant gasses. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding this is limited. An exposure-assessment approach is to measure the oxidative potential of particle mixtures because it is likely that hundreds of correlated chemicals are involved in overall effects of air pollution on health. Oxidative potential likely depends on particle composition and size distribution, especially ultrafine particle concentration, and on transition metals and certain semivolatile and volatile organic chemicals. For health effects, measuring systemic oxidative stress in the blood is one feasible approach, but there is no universal biomarker of oxidative stress and there are many potential target molecules (lipids, proteins, DNA, nitric oxide, etc.), which may be more or less suitable for specific study goals. Concurrent with the measurement of oxidative stress, it is important to measure gene and/or protein expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes because they can modify relations between oxidative stress biomarkers and air pollutants. Conversely, the expression and activities of these enzymes are modified by oxidative stress. This interplay will likely determine the observed effects of air pollutants on systemic inflammatory and thrombotic mediators and related clinical outcomes. Studies are needed to assess the reliability and validity of oxidative stress biomarkers, evaluate differences in associations between oxidative stress biomarkers and various pollutant measurements (mass, chemical components, and oxidative potential), and evaluate impacts of antioxidant responses on these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J. Delfino
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617-7555, USA
| | - Norbert Staimer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617-7555, USA
| | - Nosratola D. Vaziri
- Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Garcia-Bailo B, El-Sohemy A, Haddad PS, Arora P, Benzaied F, Karmali M, Badawi A. Vitamins D, C, and E in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biologics 2011; 5:7-19. [PMID: 21383912 PMCID: PMC3044790 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and certain population subgroups are especially vulnerable to the disease. To reduce T2DM risk and progression at the population level, preventative strategies are needed that can be implemented on a population-wide scale with minimal cost and effort. Chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from oxidative stress and imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance – critical stages in the development and progression of T2DM. Therefore, inflammation may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and reducing it via modulation of oxidative stress and the innate immune response could lead to a status of improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional factors, such as micronutrients, might present a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level. This review examines current knowledge linking oxidation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and vitamin supplementation or intake to the risk of T2DM. The concept that micronutrients, via attenuation of inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Garcia-Bailo
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Xu YJ, Kaur M, Dhillon RS, Tappia PS, Dhalla NS. Health benefits of sea buckthorn for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. J Funct Foods 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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