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Azimaraghi O, Bilal M, Amornyotin S, Arain M, Behrends M, Berzin TM, Buxbaum JL, Choice C, Fassbender P, Sawhney MS, Sundar E, Wongtangman K, Leslie K, Eikermann M. Consensus guidelines for the perioperative management of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:763-772. [PMID: 37062671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep sedation without tracheal intubation (monitored anaesthesia care) and general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation are commonly used anaesthesia techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). There are distinct pathophysiological differences between monitored anaesthesia care and general anaesthesia that need to be considered depending on the nature and severity of the patient's underlying disease, comorbidities, and procedural risks. An international group of expert anaesthesiologists and gastroenterologists created clinically relevant questions regarding the merits and risks of monitored anaesthesia care vs general anaesthesia in specific clinical scenarios for planning optimal anaesthetic approaches for ERCP. Using a modified Delphi approach, the group created practical recommendations for anaesthesiologists, with the aim of reducing the incidence of perioperative adverse outcomes while maximising healthcare resource utilisation. In the majority of clinical scenarios analysed, our expert recommendations favour monitored anaesthesia care over general anaesthesia. Patients with increased risk of pulmonary aspiration and those undergoing prolonged procedures of high complexity were thought to benefit from general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Patient age and ASA physical status were not considered to be factors for choosing between monitored anaesthesia care and general anaesthesia. Monitored anaesthesia care is the favoured anaesthesia plan for ERCP. An individual risk-benefit analysis that takes into account provider and institutional experience, patient comorbidities, and procedural risks is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimaraghi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Somchai Amornyotin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mustafa Arain
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matthias Behrends
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tyler M Berzin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L Buxbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curtis Choice
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Fassbender
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Mandeep S Sawhney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eswar Sundar
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karuna Wongtangman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kate Leslie
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Eikermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Royston-White P, Janmohamed I, Ansari D, Whittaker A, Aboughadir M, Mahbub S, Harky A. WITHDRAWN: Cardioplegia and Cardiac surgery: A comprehensive literature review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Oyama Y, Bartman CM, Gile J, Eckle T. Circadian MicroRNAs in Cardioprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3723-3730. [PMID: 28699517 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170707165319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most dramatic feature of life on Earth is our adaptation to the cycle of day and night. Throughout evolutionary time, almost all living organisms developed a molecular clock linked to the light-dark cycles of the sun. In present time, we know that this molecular clock is crucial to maintain metabolic and physiological homeostasis. Indeed, a dysregulated molecular clockwork is a major contributing factor to many metabolic diseases. In fact, the time of onset of acute myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian periodicity and recent studies have found that the light regulated circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) elicits endogenous cardioprotection from ischemia. Manipulating the molecular clockwork may prove beneficial during myocardial ischemia in humans. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of silencing messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. MicroRNA dysregulation has been linked to cancer development, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, lipid metabolism, and impaired immunity. Therefore, microRNAs are gaining interest as putative novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To identify circadian microRNA-based cardioprotective pathways, a recent study evaluated transcriptional changes of PER2 dependent microRNAs during myocardial ischemia. Out of 352 most abundantly expressed microRNAs, miR-21 was amongst the top PER2 dependent microRNAs and was shown to mediate PER2 elicited cardioprotection. Further analysis suggested circadian entrainment via intense light therapy to be a potential strategy to enhance miR-21 activity in humans. In this review, we will focus on circadian microRNAs in the context of cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to novel therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Colleen Marie Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Jennifer Gile
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Mailstop B112, RC 2, Room 7121, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
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Zuo CL, Wang CM, Liu J, Shen T, Zhou JP, Hao XR, Pan YZ, Liu HC, Lian QQ, Lin H. Isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice and effects of A1 adenosine receptors on cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:212-221. [PMID: 29345054 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Isoflurane may not only accelerate the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but increase the risk of incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether isoflurane contributed to the POCD occurrence through A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in aged mice. METHODS We assessed cognitive function of mice with Morris water maze (MWM) and then measured expression level of two AD biomarkers (P-tau and Aβ) and a subtype of the NMDA receptor (NR2B) in aged wild-type (WT) and homozygous A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) knockout (KO) mice at baseline and after they were exposed to isoflurane (1.4% for 2 hours). RESULTS For cognitive test, WT mice with isoflurane exposure performed worse than the WT mice without isoflurane exposure. However, A1AR KO mice with isoflurane exposure performed better than WT mice with isoflurane exposure. WT mice exposed to isoflurane had increased levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Levels of Aβ and P-tau were decreased in A1AR KO mice, whereas no differences were noted between KO mice with and without isoflurane exposure. NR2B expression was inversely related to that of P-tau, with no differences found between KO mice with and without isoflurane exposure. CONCLUSIONS We found an association between isoflurane exposure, impairment of spatial memory, decreasing level of NR2B, and increasing levels of A-beta and P-tau, presumably via the activation of the A1A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Long Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chun-Man Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Rui Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing-Quan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Lee DE, Lee LG, Siu D, Bazrafkan AK, Farahabadi MH, Dinh TJ, Orellana J, Xiong W, Lopour BA, Akbari Y. Neural Correlates of Consciousness at Near-Electrocerebral Silence in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model. Brain Connect 2017; 7:172-181. [PMID: 28398813 PMCID: PMC5399737 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent electrophysiological studies have suggested surges in electrical correlates of consciousness (i.e., elevated gamma power and connectivity) after cardiac arrest (CA). This study examines electrocorticogram (ECoG) activity and coherence of the dying brain during asphyxial CA. Male Wistar rats (n = 16) were induced with isoflurane anesthesia, which was washed out before asphyxial CA. Mean phase coherence and ECoG power were compared during different stages of the asphyxial period to assess potential neural correlates of consciousness. After asphyxia, the ECoG progressed through four distinct stages (asphyxial stages 1-4 [AS1-4]), including a transient period of near-electrocerebral silence lasting several seconds (AS3). Electrocerebral silence (AS4) occurred within 1 min of the start of asphyxia, and pulseless electrical activity followed the start of AS4 by 1-2 min. AS3 was linked to a significant increase in frontal coherence between the left and right motor cortices (p < 0.05), with no corresponding increase in ECoG power. AS3 was also associated with a significant posterior shift of ECoG power, favoring the visual cortices (p < 0.05). Although the ECoG during AS3 appears visually flat or silent when viewed with standard clinical settings, our study suggests that this period of transient near-electrocerebral silence contains distinctive neural activity. Specifically, the burst in frontal coherence and posterior shift of ECoG power that we find during this period immediately preceding CA may be a neural correlate of conscious processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Lauren G. Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Danny Siu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Tin J. Dinh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Josue Orellana
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Beth A. Lopour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Yama Akbari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
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Adenosine Receptor Adora2b Plays a Mechanistic Role in the Protective Effect of the Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane during Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion. Anesthesiology 2016; 125:547-60. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by hepatic tissue damage and an inflammatory response. This is accompanied by the formation and vascular sequestration of platelet–neutrophil conjugates (PNCs). Signaling through Adora2b adenosine receptors can provide liver protection. Volatile anesthetics may interact with adenosine receptors. This study investigates potential antiinflammatory effects of the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane during liver IR.
Methods
Experiments were performed ex vivo with human blood and in a liver IR model with wild-type, Adora2a−/−, and Adora2b−/− mice. The effect of sevoflurane on platelet activation, PNC formation and sequestration, cytokine release, and liver damage (alanine aminotransferase release) was analyzed using flow cytometry, luminometry, and immunofluorescence. Adenosine receptor expression in liver tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Ex vivo experiments indicate that sevoflurane inhibits platelet and leukocyte activation (n = 5). During liver IR, sevoflurane (2 Vol%) decreased PNC formation 2.4-fold in wild-type (P < 0.05) but not in Adora2b−/− mice (n ≥ 5). Sevoflurane reduced PNC sequestration 1.9-fold (P < 0.05) and alanine aminotransferase release 3.5-fold (P < 0.05) in wild-type but not in Adora2b−/− mice (n = 5). In Adora2a−/− mice, sevoflurane also inhibited PNC formation and cytokine release. Sevoflurane diminished cytokine release (n ≥ 3) and increased Adora2b transcription and expression in liver tissue of wild-types (n = 4).
Conclusions
Our experiments highlight antiinflammatory and tissue-protective properties of sevoflurane during liver IR and reveal a mechanistic role of Adora2b in sevoflurane-associated effects. The targeted use of sevoflurane not only as an anesthetic but also to prevent IR damage is a promising approach in the treatment of critically ill patients.
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Seo SW, Koeppen M, Bonney S, Gobel M, Thayer M, Harter PN, Ravid K, Eltzschig HK, Mittelbronn M, Walker L, Eckle T. Differential Tissue-Specific Function of Adora2b in Cardioprotection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1732-43. [PMID: 26136425 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2b receptor (Adora2b) has been implicated in cardioprotection from myocardial ischemia. As such, Adora2b was found to be critical in ischemic preconditioning (IP) or ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of the heart. Whereas Adora2b is present on various cells types, the tissue-specific role of Adora2b in cardioprotection is still unknown. To study the tissue-specific role of Adora2b signaling on inflammatory cells, endothelia, or myocytes during myocardial ischemia in vivo, we intercrossed floxed Adora2b mice with Lyz2-Cre(+), VE-cadherin-Cre(+), or myosin-Cre(+) transgenic mice, respectively. Mice were exposed to 60 min of myocardial ischemia with or without IP (four times for 5 min) followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Cardioprotection by IP was abolished in Adora2b(f/f)-VE-cadherin-Cre(+) or Adora2b(f/f)-myosin-Cre(+), indicating that Adora2b signaling on endothelia or myocytes mediates IP. In contrast, primarily Adora2b signaling on inflammatory cells was necessary to provide cardioprotection in IR injury, indicated by significantly larger infarcts and higher troponin levels in Adora2b(f/f)-Lyz2-Cre(+) mice only. Cytokine profiling of IR injury in Adora2b(f/f)-Lyz2-Cre(+) mice pointed toward polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Analysis of PMNs from Adora2b(f/f)-Lyz2-Cre(+) confirmed PMNs as one source of identified tissue cytokines. Finally, adoptive transfer of Adora2b(-/-) PMNs revealed a critical role of Adora2b on PMNs in cardioprotection from IR injury. Adora2b signaling mediates different types of cardioprotection in a tissue-specific manner. These findings have implications for the use of Adora2b agonists in the treatment or prevention of myocardial injury by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-wook Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bonney
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Merit Gobel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Molly Thayer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University of Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University of Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lori Walker
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
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8
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Kikuchi C, Dosenovic S, Bienengraeber M. Anaesthetics as cardioprotectants: translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2051-61. [PMID: 25322898 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological conditioning of the heart with anaesthetics, such as volatile anaesthetics or opioids, is a phenomenon whereby a transient exposure to an anaesthetic agent protects the heart from the harmful consequences of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of anaesthetic conditioning appear largely to mimic those of ischaemic pre- and post-conditioning. Progress has been made on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms although the order of events and the specific targets of anaesthetics that trigger protection are not always clear. In the laboratory, the protection afforded by certain anaesthetics against cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion injury is powerful and reproducible but this has not necessarily translated into similarly robust clinical benefits. Indeed, clinical studies and meta-analyses delivered variable results when comparing in the laboratory setting protective and non-protective anaesthetics. Reasons for this include underlying conditions such as age, obesity and diabetes. Animal models for disease or ageing, human cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells of patients and further clinical studies are employed to better understand the underlying causes that prevent a more robust protection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kikuchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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9
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Kikuchi C, Dosenovic S, Bienengraeber M. Anaesthetics as cardioprotectants: translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 25322898 DOI: 10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological conditioning of the heart with anaesthetics, such as volatile anaesthetics or opioids, is a phenomenon whereby a transient exposure to an anaesthetic agent protects the heart from the harmful consequences of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of anaesthetic conditioning appear largely to mimic those of ischaemic pre- and post-conditioning. Progress has been made on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms although the order of events and the specific targets of anaesthetics that trigger protection are not always clear. In the laboratory, the protection afforded by certain anaesthetics against cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion injury is powerful and reproducible but this has not necessarily translated into similarly robust clinical benefits. Indeed, clinical studies and meta-analyses delivered variable results when comparing in the laboratory setting protective and non-protective anaesthetics. Reasons for this include underlying conditions such as age, obesity and diabetes. Animal models for disease or ageing, human cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells of patients and further clinical studies are employed to better understand the underlying causes that prevent a more robust protection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kikuchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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10
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Iglesias I, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Effect of Caffeine Chronically Consumed During Pregnancy on Adenosine A 1 and A 2A Receptors Signaling in Both Maternal and Fetal Heart from Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2014; 4:115-126. [PMID: 25538864 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2014.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, even during pregnancy. Its stimulatory effects are mainly due to antagonism of adenosine actions by blocking adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Previous studies have shown that caffeine can cross the placenta and therefore modulate these receptors not only in the fetal brain but also in the heart. Methods: In the present work, the effect of caffeine chronically consumed during pregnancy on A1 and A2A receptors in Wistar rat heart, from both mothers and their fetuses, were studied using radioligand binding, Western-blotting, and adenylyl cyclase activity assays, as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Caffeine did not significantly alter A1R neither at protein nor at gene expression level in both the maternal and fetal heart. On the contrary, A2AR significantly decreased in the maternal heart, although mRNA was not affected. Gi and Gs proteins were also preserved. Finally, A1R-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity did not change in the maternal heart, but A2AR mediated stimulation of this enzymatic activity significantly decreased according to the detected loss of this receptor. Conclusions: Opposite to the downregulation and desensitization of the A1R/AC pathway previously reported in the brain, these results show that this pathway is not affected in rat heart after caffeine exposure during pregnancy. In addition, A2AR is downregulated and desensitized in the maternal heart, suggesting a differential modulation of these receptor-mediated pathways by caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Albasanz
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real, Spain . ; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real, Spain . ; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real, Spain
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11
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Alleman RJ, Katunga LA, Nelson MAM, Brown DA, Anderson EJ. The "Goldilocks Zone" from a redox perspective-Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:358. [PMID: 25278906 PMCID: PMC4166897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve” is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proximity of ROS to moieties most susceptible to damage, and the capacity of the endogenous cellular ROS scavenging mechanisms. Most importantly, the resilience of the tissue (the capacity to recover from damage) is a decisive factor, and this is reflected in the disparate response to ROS in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In myocytes, a high oxidative capacity invariably results in a significant ROS burden which in homeostasis, is rapidly neutralized by the robust antioxidant network. The up-regulation of key pathways in the antioxidant network is a central component of the hormetic response to ROS. Despite such adaptations, persistent oxidative stress over an extended time-frame (e.g., months to years) inevitably leads to cumulative damages, maladaptation and ultimately the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Indeed, persistent oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle has been repeatedly demonstrated to have causal roles in the etiology of heart disease and insulin resistance, respectively. Deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the divergence between adaptive and maladaptive responses to oxidative stress remains an active area of research for basic scientists and clinicians alike, as this would undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of major types of ROS in striated muscle and the divergent adaptations that occur in response to them. Emphasis is placed on highlighting newly uncovered areas of research on this topic, with particular focus on the mitochondria, and the diverging roles that ROS play in muscle health (e.g., exercise or preconditioning) and disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ischemia, metabolic syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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Eckle T. About Dogs, Mice, and Men: From Ischemic Preconditioning to Anesthetic Postconditioning of the Heart. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 18:247-8. [PMID: 25007799 DOI: 10.1177/1089253214542253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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