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Haines DD, Cowan FM, Tosaki A. Evolving Strategies for Use of Phytochemicals in Prevention and Long-Term Management of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6176. [PMID: 38892364 PMCID: PMC11173167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This report describes major pathomechanisms of disease in which the dysregulation of host inflammatory processes is a major factor, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a primary model, and reviews strategies for countermeasures based on synergistic interaction between various agents, including drugs and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) natural medical material (NMM), such as Ginkgo biloba, spice phytochemicals, and fruit seed flavonoids. The 15 well-defined CVD classes are explored with particular emphasis on the extent to which oxidative stressors and associated ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury contribute to major symptoms. The four major categories of pharmaceutical agents used for the prevention of and therapy for CVD: statins, beta blockers (β-blockers), blood thinners (anticoagulants), and aspirin, are presented along with their adverse effects. Analyses of major cellular and molecular features of drug- and NMM-mediated cardioprotective processes are provided in the context of their development for human clinical application. Future directions of the evolving research described here will be particularly focused on the characterization and manipulation of calcium- and calcineurin-mediated cascades of signaling from cell surface receptors on cardiovascular and immune cells to the nucleus, with the emergence of both protective and pathological epigenetic features that may be modulated by synergistically-acting combinations of drugs and phytochemicals in which phytochemicals interact with cells to promote signaling that reduces the effective dosage and thus (often) toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred M. Cowan
- Uppsala Inc., 67 Shady Brook Drive, Colora, MD 21917, USA;
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Pharmamodul Research Group, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Fresa M, Lanzi S, Mazzolai L, Pellegrin M. The link between impaired oxygen supply and cognitive decline in peripheral artery disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023:S0033-0620(23)00124-X. [PMID: 38061613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) primarily affects large arteries outside the brain, PAD is also associated with elevated cerebral vulnerabilities, including greater risks for brain injury (such as stroke), cognitive decline and dementia. In the present review, we aim to evaluate recent literature and extract information on potential mechanisms linking PAD and consequences on the brain. Furthermore, we suggest novel therapeutic avenues to mitigate cognitive decline and reduce risk of brain injury in patients with PAD. Various interventions, notably exercise, directly or indirectly improve systemic blood flow and oxygen supply and are effective strategies in patients with PAD or cognitive decline. Moreover, triggering protective cellular and systemic mechanisms by modulating inspired oxygen concentrations are emerging as potential novel treatment strategies. While several genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate adaptations to hypoxia showed promising results in preclinical models of PAD, no clear benefits have yet been clinically demonstrated. We argue that genetic/pharmacological regulation of the involved adaptive systems remains challenging but that therapeutic variation of inspired oxygen levels (e.g., hypoxia conditioning) are promising future interventions to mitigate associated cognitive decline in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fresa
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bekyarova GY, Vankova DG, Madjova VH, Bekyarov NA, Salim AS, Ivanova DG, Stoeva SM, Gerova DI, Kiselova-Kaneva YD. Association between Nfr2, HO-1, NF-kB Expression, Plasma ADMA, and Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17067. [PMID: 38069389 PMCID: PMC10707226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. The present study aimed to examine the connection between nuclear factor2-related factor2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in people with MetS. Participants in the study were as follows: with MetS (n = 30) and without MetS (Control) (n = 14). Expression of Nrf2, NF-kB, and HO-1 was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Plasma ADMA was determined using the ELISA technique and MDA via the thiobarbituric acid method. Our study showed that mRNA of NF-kB, Nrf2, and HO-1 levels in PBMCs in the MetS group were significantly higher than in the controls by 53%, 130%, and 185% (p < 0.05), respectively. Similarly, elevated levels of MDA (by 78%, p < 0.001) and ADMA (by 18.7%, p < 0.001) were established in the MetS group. Our findings show the importance of transcription factor Nrf2, playing an integral role in the protection of the endothelium, and of NF-κB, a transcription factor mediating the inflammatory response in MetS. Knowledge of complex cellular-molecular mechanisms would allow the use of biomarkers such as Nrf2, NF-kB, HO-1, and ADMA for the assessment of endothelial dysfunction in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganka Y. Bekyarova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyana G. Vankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria (A.S.S.); (D.G.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Valentina H. Madjova
- Department of General Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (V.H.M.)
| | - Nicolai A. Bekyarov
- Department of General Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (V.H.M.)
| | - Ayshe S. Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria (A.S.S.); (D.G.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Diana G. Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria (A.S.S.); (D.G.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Stefka M. Stoeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria (A.S.S.); (D.G.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Daniela I. Gerova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana D. Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria (A.S.S.); (D.G.I.); (S.M.S.)
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Song W, Chen Y, Qin L, Xu X, Sun Y, Zhong M, Lu Y, Hu K, Wei L, Chen J. Oxidative stress drives vascular smooth muscle cell damage in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection through HIF-1α/HO-1 mediated ferroptosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22857. [PMID: 38125409 PMCID: PMC10730757 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is characterized by intimal tearing and false lumen formation containing large amounts of erythrocytes with heme. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is the key enzyme to degrade heme for iron accumulation and further ferroptosis. The current study aimed at investigating the role of HO-1 in the dissection progression of ATAAD. Methods Bioinformatic analyses and experimental validation were performed to reveal ferroptosis and HO-1 expression in ATAAD. Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (HA-VSMC) was used to explore underlying molecular mechanisms and the role of HO-1 overexpression in ATAAD. Results Ferroptosis was identified as a critical manner of regulated cell death in ATAAD. HO-1 was screened as a key signature of ferroptosis in ATAAD, which was closely associated with oxidative stress. Single cell/nucleus transcriptomic analysis and histological staining revealed that HO-1 and HIF-1α were upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) of ATAAD. Further in vitro experiments showed that H2O2-induced oxidative stress increased VSMC ferroptosis with the overexpression of HO-1, which could be suppressed by HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478. HIF-1α could transcriptionally regulate the expression of HO-1 through binding to its promoter region. Pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) did not reduce H2O2-induced HA-VSMC damage without heme co-incubation. However, H2O2-induced HA-VSMC damage was worsened when heme was added into the medium, and ZnPP could reduce HA-VSMC damage in this condition. Conclusion HO-1 is a key signature of VSMC ferroptosis in ATAAD. HIF-1α/HO-1 mediated ferroptosis might participate in oxidative stress induced VSMC damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lieyang Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tang X, Li Y, Zhao J, Liang L, Zhang K, Zhang X, Yu H, Du H. Heme oxygenase-1 increases intracellular iron storage and suppresses inflammatory response of macrophages by inhibiting M1 polarization. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad062. [PMID: 37838477 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting enzymatic step of heme degradation, producing carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron. Most iron is derived from aged erythrocytes by the decomposition of heme, which happened mainly in macrophages. However, the role of HO-1 on iron metabolism and function of macrophage is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of HO-1 on iron metabolism in macrophages, and explored the role of HO-1 on inflammatory response, polarization, and migration of macrophages. HO-1 inducer Hemin or HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin was intravenously injected to C57BL/6 J mice every 4 d for 28 d. We found that HO-1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of splenic macrophages of mice. Activation of HO-1 by Hemin significantly increased iron deposition in the spleen, up-regulated the gene expression of ferritin and ferroportin, and down-regulated gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and hepcidin. Induced HO-1 by Hemin treatment increased intracellular iron levels of macrophages, slowed down the absorption of extracellular iron, and accelerated the excretion of intracellular iron. In addition, activation of HO-1 significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, but increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Furthermore, activation of HO-1 inhibited macrophages to M1-type polarization, and increased the migration rate of macrophages. This study demonstrated that HO-1 was able to regulate iron metabolism, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibit macrophages polarization to M1 type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Tang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunqin Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Liang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Huahua Du
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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Bio-Performance of Hydrothermally and Plasma-Treated Titanium: The New Generation of Vascular Stents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111858. [PMID: 34769289 PMCID: PMC8584547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The research presented herein follows an urgent global need for the development of novel surface engineering techniques that would allow the fabrication of next-generation cardiovascular stents, which would drastically reduce cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The combination of hydrothermal treatment (HT) and treatment with highly reactive oxygen plasma (P) allowed for the formation of an oxygen-rich nanostructured surface. The morphology, surface roughness, chemical composition and wettability of the newly prepared oxide layer on the Ti substrate were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) analysis. The alteration of surface characteristics influenced the material’s bio-performance; platelet aggregation and activation was reduced on surfaces treated by hydrothermal treatment, as well as after plasma treatment. Moreover, it was shown that surfaces treated by both treatment procedures (HT and P) promoted the adhesion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, while at the same time inhibiting the adhesion and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The combination of both techniques presents a novel approach for the fabrication of vascular implants, with superior characteristics.
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Wang T, Ashrafi A, Modareszadeh P, Deese AR, Chacon Castro MDC, Alemi PS, Zhang L. An Analysis of the Multifaceted Roles of Heme in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Related Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4142. [PMID: 34439295 PMCID: PMC8393563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential prosthetic group in proteins and enzymes involved in oxygen utilization and metabolism. Heme also plays versatile and fascinating roles in regulating fundamental biological processes, ranging from aerobic respiration to drug metabolism. Increasing experimental and epidemiological data have shown that altered heme homeostasis accelerates the development and progression of common diseases, including various cancers, diabetes, vascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. The effects of heme on the pathogenesis of these diseases may be mediated via its action on various cellular signaling and regulatory proteins, as well as its function in cellular bioenergetics, specifically, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Elevated heme levels in cancer cells intensify OXPHOS, leading to higher ATP generation and fueling tumorigenic functions. In contrast, lowered heme levels in neurons may reduce OXPHOS, leading to defects in bioenergetics and causing neurological deficits. Further, heme has been shown to modulate the activities of diverse cellular proteins influencing disease pathogenesis. These include BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor P53 protein, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 protein (PGRMC1), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). This review provides an in-depth analysis of heme function in influencing diverse molecular and cellular processes germane to disease pathogenesis and the modes by which heme modulates the activities of cellular proteins involved in the development of cancer and other common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (T.W.); (A.A.); (P.M.); (A.R.D.); (M.D.C.C.C.); (P.S.A.)
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Kaufmanova J, Stikarova J, Hlavackova A, Chrastinova L, Maly M, Suttnar J, Dyr JE. Fibrin Clot Formation under Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060923. [PMID: 34200255 PMCID: PMC8228070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During coagulation, the soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin. Fibrinogen is a multifunctional plasma protein, which is essential for hemostasis. Various oxidative posttranslational modifications influence fibrinogen structure as well as interactions between various partners in the coagulation process. The aim was to examine the effects of oxidative stress conditions on fibrin clot formation in arterial atherothrombotic disorders. We studied the changes in in vitro fibrin network formation in three groups of patients-with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with significant carotid artery stenosis (SCAS), and with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as well as a control group. The level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde measured by LC-MS/MS was higher in SCAS and AIS patients compared with controls. Turbidic methods revealed a higher final optical density and a prolonged lysis time in the clots of these patients. Electron microscopy was used to visualize changes in the in vitro-formed fibrin network. Fibers from patients with AIS were significantly thicker in comparison with control and ACS fibers. The number of fibrin fibers in patients with AIS was significantly lower in comparison with ACS and control groups. Thus, oxidative stress-mediated changes in fibrin clot formation, structure and dissolution may affect the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirina Kaufmanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Jana Stikarova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alzbeta Hlavackova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Leona Chrastinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Martin Maly
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Military University Hospital, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiri Suttnar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Jan Evangelista Dyr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (L.C.); (J.S.); (J.E.D.)
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Yin M, Gong X. Heme oxygenase‑1 improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:235. [PMID: 33537805 PMCID: PMC7893698 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), also known as heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), is an enzyme that exists in microsomes. HO‑1 can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including heavy metals, heat shock, inflammatory stimuli, heme and its derivatives, stress, hypoxia, and biological hormones. HO‑1 is the rate‑limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, which splits heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron. The metabolites of HO‑1 have anti‑inflammatory and anti‑oxidant effects, and provide protection to the cardiovascular system and transplanted organs. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO‑1 and the functional significance of its products, and specifically elaborates on its protective effect on skin flaps. HO‑1 improves the survival rate of ischemic skin flaps through anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidant and vasodilatory effects of enzymatic reaction products. In particular, this review focuses on the role of carbon monoxide (CO), one of the primary metabolites of HO‑1, in flap survival and discusses the feasibility and existing challenges of HO‑1 in flap surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zheng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Börzsei D, Priksz D, Szabó R, Bombicz M, Karácsonyi Z, Puskás LG, Fehér LZ, Radák Z, Kupai K, Berkó AM, Varga C, Juhász B, Pósa A. Exercise-mitigated sex-based differences in aging: from genetic alterations to heart performance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H854-H866. [PMID: 33337964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases dramatically increases with age; therefore, striving to maintain a physiological heart function is particularly important. Our aim was to study the voluntary exercise-evoked cardioprotective effects in aged male and female rats, from genetic alterations to changes in heart performance. We divided 20-month-old female and male Wistar rats to control and running groups. After the 12-wk-long experimental period, echocardiographic measurements were performed. Afterwards, hearts were either removed for biochemical measurements or mounted into a Langendorff-perfusion system to detect infarct size. The following genes and their proteins were analyzed from heart: catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), endothelin-1 (Esm1), Purkinje cell protein-4 (Pcp4), and osteoglycin (Ogn). Recreational exercise caused functional improvements; however, changes were more prominent in males. Cardiac expression of Comt and Ogn was reduced as a result of exercise in aged males, whereas Pcp4 and Esm1 showed a marked overexpression, along with a markedly improved diastolic function. The key result of this study is that exercise enhanced the expression of the Pcp4 gene and protein, a recently described regulator of calcium balance in cardiomyocytes, and suppressed Comt and Ogn gene expression, which has been associated with impaired cardiac function. In addition, as a result of exercise, a significant improvement was observed in the size of infarct elicited by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Our results clearly show that age and sex-dependent changes were both apparent in key proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Exercise-moderated fundamental genetic alterations may have contributed to the functional adaptation of the heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Voluntary exercise has proved to be an effective therapeutic tool to improve cardiac function in aged rats with clearly visible sex differences. Long-term exercise is associated with decreased Ogn and Comt expression and enhanced presence of Pcp4 and Esm1 genes. Sex-dependent changes were also observed in the expression of the cardiovascular key proteins. Fundamental alterations in gene and protein expression may contribute to the improvement of cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsonyi
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Avidin Limited, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Magyariné Berkó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Haines DD, Tosaki A. Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249698. [PMID: 33353225 PMCID: PMC7766613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of tetrapyrrol "coordination complexes" called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner-thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on "bioflavonoids" as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald David Haines
- Advanced Biotherapeutics, London W2 1EB, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-255586
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Abstract
This review is focusing on the understanding of various factors and components governing and controlling the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias including (i) the role of various ion channel-related changes in the action potential (AP), (ii) electrocardiograms (ECGs), (iii) some important arrhythmogenic mediators of reperfusion, and pharmacological approaches to their attenuation. The transmembrane potential in myocardial cells is depending on the cellular concentrations of several ions including sodium, calcium, and potassium on both sides of the cell membrane and active or inactive stages of ion channels. The movements of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ via cell membranes produce various currents that provoke AP, determining the cardiac cycle and heart function. A specific channel has its own type of gate, and it is opening and closing under specific transmembrane voltage, ionic, or metabolic conditions. APs of sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje cells determine the pacemaker activity (depolarization phase 4) of the heart, leading to the surface manifestation, registration, and evaluation of ECG waves in both animal models and humans. AP and ECG changes are key factors in arrhythmogenesis, and the analysis of these changes serve for the clarification of the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drugs. The classification of antiarrhythmic drugs may be based on their electrophysiological properties emphasizing the connection between basic electrophysiological activities and antiarrhythmic properties. The review also summarizes some important mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium and permits an assessment of antiarrhythmic potential of drugs used for pharmacotherapy under experimental and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Romuk E, Jacheć W, Kozielska-Nowalany E, Birkner E, Zemła-Woszek A, Wojciechowska C. Superoxide dismutase activity as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:661-673. [PMID: 31041645 PMCID: PMC6527540 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to progression of heart failure (HF). The present study analyzed the efficacy of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzymes (CuZnSOD and MnSOD) as prognostic factors in dilated cardiomyopathy. The usefulness of activities of total SOD, MnSOD, and CuZnSOD was assessed, taking into account clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters as risk predictors of long-term clinical outcomes (death, heart transplant, combined end point) in 109 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) in this study with a 5-year follow-up. Regression analysis showed that total serum SOD activity was a predictor of worse long-term clinical outcome even after adjustment for NT-proBNP, hemoglobin, sodium, creatinine clearance, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), BMI, and NYHA class (LVEF: HR 1.059, 95% CI 1.007-1.114, P = 0.026; BMI: HR 1.073, 95% CI 1.021-1.126, P = 0.005; NYHA: HR 1.073, 95% CI 1.022-1.126, P = 0.005). MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities were also predictors of worse long-term clinical outcome even after adjustment for laboratory parameters and BMI or NYHA class; however, after adjustment for LVEF, a borderline statistical significance was achieved (LVEF: HR 1.054, 95% CI 0.993-1.119, P = 0.081 [MnSOD]; HR 1.092, 95% CI 0.989-1.297, P = 0.082 [CuZnSOD]). Increased activities of total serum SOD and its isoenzymes in NIDCM patients correspond with a poor prognosis and may have prognostic value in the prediction of long-term clinical outcomes. In conclusion, the present study shows that serum SOD activity may be a useful predictor of adverse outcome in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Romuk
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozielska-Nowalany
- Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Birkner
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zemła-Woszek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Celina Wojciechowska
- Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, M. C. Skłodowskiej 10 Street, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
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