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Hu Y, Xing Y, Fan G, Xie H, Zhao Q, Liu L. L-arginine combination with 5-fluorouracil inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cells through suppressing iNOS/NO/AKT-mediated glycolysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1391636. [PMID: 38841361 PMCID: PMC11150577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1391636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
L-arginine can produce nitric oxide (NO) under the action of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can induce the increase of iNOS expression. The present study was to investigate the mechanism of L-arginine combined with 5-FU regulating glucose metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through iNOS/NO/AKT pathway. The combination of L-arginine and 5-FU resulted in decreased cell survival and exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. Meanwhile, L-arginine increased 5-FU inhibitory effect on HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells by increasing NO production. Co-treatment with L-arginine and 5-FU resulted in a significant decrease in both G6PDH and LDH enzymatic activities, as well as reduced levels of ATP and LD compared to treatment with L-arginine or 5-FU alone. Moreover, the combination of L-arginine and 5-FU resulted in a decrease in the expression of GLUT1, PKM2, LDHA, p-PI3K and p-AKT. Furthermore, the combination demonstrated a synergistic effect in downregulating the expression of HIF-1α and β-catenin, which were further diminished upon the addition of shikonin, a specific inhibitor of PKM2. LY294002 treatment further reduced the expression of GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA proteins induced by combined L-arginine and 5-FU treatment compared to the combined group. However, the reduction in p-PI3K, p-AKT, and GLUT1 expression caused by L-arginine and 5-FU combination was also reversed in HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells with iNOS knockdown, respectively. Additionally, the combination of L-arginine and 5-FU led to a greater reduction in the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, G6PDH and LDH, as well as a significant reduction in hepatic index, AFP, AFP-L3, ATP and LD levels in a rat model of HCC. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of L-arginine and 5-FU significantly improved the gross morphology of the liver, reduced nuclear atypia, inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells, and decreased the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA, while iNOS expression was increased in the combination group. Taking together, L-arginine and 5-FU combination resulted in the inhibition of enzymes in aerobic glycolysis via the iNOS/NO/AKT pathway, which led to the suppression of glucose metabolism and downregulation of nuclear transcription factors, thereby impeding the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Hu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yihao Xing
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gaolu Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Luoyang Third People’ Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Huaxia Xie
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qingzan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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2
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Li C, He Z, Yao F, Liao S, Sun K, Sun S, Li Z, Wang Z. Role of Escin in breast cancer therapy: potential mechanism for inducing ferroptosis and synergistic antitumor activity with cisplatin. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01849-x. [PMID: 37149513 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has threatened women worldwide for a long time, and novel treatments are needed. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death that is a potential therapeutic target for BC. In this study, we identified Escin, a traditional Chinese medicine, as a possible supplement for existing chemotherapy strategies. Escin inhibited BC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and ferroptosis is probable to be the main cause for Escin-induced cell death. Mechanistically, Escin significantly downregulated the protein level of GPX4, while overexpression of GPX4 could reverse the ferroptosis triggered by Escin. Further study revealed that Escin could promote G6PD ubiquitination and degradation, thus inhibiting the expression of GPX4 and contributing to the ferroptosis. Moreover, proteasome inhibitor MG132 or G6PD overexpression could partially reverse Escin-induced ferroptosis, when G6PD knockdown aggravated that. In vivo study also supported that downregulation of G6PD exacerbated tumor growth inhibition by Escin. Finally, our data showed that cell apoptosis was dramatically elevated by Escin combined with cisplatin in BC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Escin inhibits tumor growth in vivo and in vitro via regulating the ferroptosis mediated by G6PD/GPX4 axis. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic strategy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Li
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichong Liao
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Hu D, Wu J, Jin L, Yuan L, Li J, Chen X, Yao J. Evaluation of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains as probiotic adjunct cultures for soybean milk post-fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110570. [PMID: 34507724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soybean milk is an economical substitute for dairy products. Pediococcus pentosaceus has been used as a food additive to improve taste, nutrition, and food safety. In this study, four P. pentosaceus strains (CICC 24444, QK-1, MQ-1 and RQ-1) isolated from various food sources and known to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities were used to ferment soybean milk, and their fermentation characteristics and the properties of the resulting beverages were evaluated. The results revealed that the P. pentosaceus strains can inhibited the growth of five types of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus), and their in vitro survival rates in the simulated stomach and intestinal environments were above 90%, satisfying the probiotic requirements. Isomaltose oligosaccharide was used as a protective agent to resist low-temperature freeze-drying damage and ensure a high survival rate, and P. pentosaceus was directly injected into fermented soymilk. The acidification of fermented soybean milk was the weakest with P. pentosaceus QK-1, and the viable bacterial counts of all strains were stable after 28 days of storage. After fermentation, the antioxidant ability was enhanced. Arginine and β-alanine levels increased after fermentation, and the adjunct culture of P. pentosaceus QK-1 increased proline levels. Our data indicate that P. pentosaceus QK-1 is a suitable strain for the development of functional plant-based beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Probiotics Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Jianming Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Nope E, Sathicq ÁG, Martínez JJ, Rojas H, Romanelli G. Hydrotalcites as catalyst in suitable multicomponent synthesis of uracil derivatives. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Singh V, Reddy R, Sinha A, Marturi V, Panditharadyula SS, Bala A. A Review on Phytopharmaceuticals having Concomitant Experimental Anti-diabetic and Anti-cancer Effects as Potential Sources for Targeted Therapies Against Insulin-mediated Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999200831113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and breast cancer are pathophysiologically similar and clinically established
diseases that co-exist with a wider complex similar molecular signalling and having a similar set of
risk factors. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Several
ethnopharmacological evidences shed light on the concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity
of medicinal plant and phytochemicals against breast tumors of patients with diabetes. This present
article reviewed the findings on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with concomitant antidiabetic
and anti-cancer effects reported in scientific literature to facilitate the development of dual-
acting therapies against diabetes and breast cancer. The schematic tabular form of published literature
on medicinal plants (63 plants belongs to 45 families) concluded the dynamics of phytochemicals
against diabetes and breast tumors that could be explored further for the discovery of therapies
for controlling of breast cancer cell invasion and migration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Rakesh Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shravani S. Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
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Song J, Du G, Wu H, Gao X, Yang Z, Liu B, Cui S. Protective effects of quercetin on traumatic brain injury induced inflammation and oxidative stress in cortex through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:73-84. [PMID: 33612499 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a serious public health issue. Clinically, there is an urgent need for agents to ameliorate the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by TBI. Our previous research has demonstrated that quercetin could protect the neurological function. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this process remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This research was designed to investigate the mechanisms of quercetin to protect the cortical neurons. METHODS A modified weight-drop device was used for the TBI model. 5, 20 or 50 mg/kg quercetin was injected intraperitoneally to rats at 0.5, 12 and 24 h post TBI. Rats were sacrificed three days post injury and their cerebral cortex was obtained from the injured side. The rats were randomly assigned into three groups of equal number: TBI and quercetin group, TBI group, and Sham group. The brain water content was calculated to estimate the brain damage induced by TBI. Immunohistochemical and Western blot assays were utilized to investigate the neurobehavioral status. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate the inflammatory responses. The cortical oxidative stress was measured by estimating the activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-Px. Western blot was utilized to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). RESULTS Quercetin attenuated the brain edema and microgliosis in TBI rats. Quercetin treatment attenuated cortical inflammatory responses and oxidative stress induced by TBI insults. Quercetin treatment activated the cortical Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in TBI rats. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin ameliorated the TBI-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the cortex through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Guoliang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangliang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Shukun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Zhang J, Chai S, Ruan X. SOX4 Serves an Oncogenic Role in the Tumourigenesis of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma by Promoting Cell Proliferation, Migration and Inhibiting Apoptosis. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:49-58. [PMID: 32048979 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200212112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is among the most common malignant cancers worldwide, and breast adenocarcinoma in glandular tissue cells has excessive metastasis and invasion capability. However, little is known on the molecular process by which this disease develops and progresses. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the effects of sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) protein on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and tumourigenesis of breast adenocarcinoma and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The SOX4 overexpression or knockdown Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell lines were established. Among the SOX4 overexpression or MCF-7 knockdown cell lines, proliferation, migration ability and apoptosis rate were detected. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3) were analysed using Western blot. The effect of SOX4 on tumourigenesis was analysed using the clone formation assay in vitro and tumour xenograft experiment in nude mice. RESULTS Compared with the overexpression of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 overexpression cells significantly increased, the apoptosis rate significantly decreased in addition to the expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the knockdown of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 knockdown cells significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased (P < 0.05). Clone formation and tumour growth abilities of SOX4 overexpression cells were significantly higher than those of the control cells (P < 0.05), whereas SOX4 knockdown cells had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION SOX4 plays an oncogenic role in breast adenocarcinoma tumourigenesis by promoting cell proliferation, migration and inhibiting apoptosis. It can be used as a potential molecular target for breast cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shujie Chai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Ruan
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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Smolková K, Mikó E, Kovács T, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Sipos A, Bai P. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:966-997. [PMID: 31989830 PMCID: PMC7533893 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation. We review the molecular characteristics of the NRF2 pathway and discuss its interactions with the cancer hallmarks previously listed. Recent Advances: The noncanonical activation of NRF2 was recently discovered, and members of this pathway are involved in carcinogenesis. Further, cancer-related changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox- and NRF2 dependent. Critical Issues: NRF2 undergoes Janus-faced behavior in cancers. The pro- or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are context dependent and essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the cancer in question. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. The biggest challenge in the NRF2 field is to determine which cancers can be targeted for better clinical outcomes. Further, large-scale genomic and transcriptomic studies are missing to correlate the clinical outcome with the activity of the NRF2 system. Future Directions: To exploit NRF2 in a clinical setting in the future, the druggable members of the NRF2 pathway should be identified. In addition, it will be important to study how the modulation of the NRF2 system interferes with cytostatic drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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