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Makhado BP, Oladipo AO, Gumbi NN, De Kock LA, Andraos C, Gulumian M, Nxumalo EN. Unravelling the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials - From cellular interactions to mechanistic understanding. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 100:105898. [PMID: 39029601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The application of carbon nanomaterials in diverse fields has substantially increased their demand for commercial usage. Within the earliest decade, the development of functional materials has further increased the significance of this element. Despite the advancements recorded, the potential harmful impacts of embracing carbon nanomaterials for biological applications must be balanced against their advantages. Interestingly, many studies have neglected the intriguing and dynamic cellular interaction of carbon nanomaterials and the mechanistic understanding of their property-driven behaviour, even though common toxicity profiles have been reported. Reiterating the toxicity issue, several researchers conclude that these materials have minimal toxicity and may be safe for contact with biological systems at certain dosages. Here, we aim to provide a report on the significance of some of the properties that influence their toxicity. After that, a description of the implication of nanotoxicology in humans and living systems, revealing piece by piece their exposure routes and possible risks, will be provided. Then, an extensive discussion of the mechanistic puzzle modulating the interface between various human cellular systems and carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds will follow. Finally, this review also sheds light on the organization that handles the risk associated with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bveledzani P Makhado
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Oladipo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Nozipho N Gumbi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Lueta A De Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Charlene Andraos
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa; National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Edward N Nxumalo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
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Gao S, Xu B, Sun J, Zhang Z. Nanotechnological advances in cancer: therapy a comprehensive review of carbon nanotube applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351787. [PMID: 38562672 PMCID: PMC10984352 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionising different areas from manufacturing to therapeutics in the health field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a promising drug candidate in nanomedicine, have attracted attention due to their excellent and unique mechanical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. This emerging nanomaterial has attracted a wide range of scientific interest in the last decade. Carbon nanotubes have many potential applications in cancer therapy, such as imaging, drug delivery, and combination therapy. Carbon nanotubes can be used as carriers for drug delivery systems by carrying anticancer drugs and enabling targeted release to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissues. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapies, to work synergistically to destroy cancer cells. Carbon nanotubes have great potential as promising nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine, offering new opportunities and properties for future cancer treatments. In this paper, the main focus is on the application of carbon nanotubes in cancer diagnostics, targeted therapies, and toxicity evaluation of carbon nanotubes at the biological level to ensure the safety and real-life and clinical applications of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Gao
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Binhan Xu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Contreras L, Villarroel I, Torres C, Rozas R. Doxorubicin Encapsulation in Carbon Nanotubes Having Haeckelite or Stone-Wales Defects as Drug Carriers: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:1586. [PMID: 33805628 PMCID: PMC7999666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a recognized anticancer drug, forms stable associations with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs when properly functionalized have the ability to anchor directly in cancerous tumors where the release of the drug occurs thanks to the tumor slightly acidic pH. Herein, we study the armchair and zigzag CNTs with Stone-Wales (SW) defects to rank their ability to encapsulate DOX by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER16. We investigate also the chiral CNTs with haeckelite defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. The armchair and zigzag CNT with SW defects and chiral nanotubes with haeckelite defects predict DOX-CNT interactions that depend on the length of the nanotube, the number of present defects and nitrogen doping. Chiral nanotubes having two haeckelite defects reveal a clear dependence on the nitrogen content with DOX-CNT interaction forces decreasing in the order 0N > 4N > 8N. These results contribute to a further understanding of drug-nanotube interactions and to the design of new drug delivery systems based on CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Contreras
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional y Propiedad Intelectual, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Ignacio Villarroel
- Departamento de Computación e Informática, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Avenida Ecuador 3659, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (I.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Camila Torres
- Departamento de Computación e Informática, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Avenida Ecuador 3659, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (I.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Roberto Rozas
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional y Propiedad Intelectual, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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Zhang Q, Dai X, Zhang H, Zeng Y, Luo K, Li W. Recent advances in development of nanomedicines for multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:024101. [PMID: 33472182 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abddf4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high morbidity and disease burden. It is characterized by the loss of the myelin sheath, resulting in the disruption of neuron electrical signal transmissions and sensory and motor ability deficits. The diagnosis of MS is crucial to its management, but the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are always a challenge. To overcome this challenge, nanomedicines have recently been employed to aid the diagnosis of MS with an improved diagnostic efficacy. Advances in nanomedicine-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging scanning of MS lesions, and nanomedicine-derived sensors for detecting biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid biopsy, or analyzing the composition of exhaled breath gas, have demonstrated the potential of using nanomedicines in the accurate diagnosis of MS. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the application of nanomedicines for the diagnosis of MS and concludes with perspectives of using nanomedicines for the development of safe and effective MS diagnostic nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Department of Postgraduate Students, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China. West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China. These authors contributed equally to this work
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