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Perry GL, Schley ND. Bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)chlorophosphine as a Precursor for the Preparation of Bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)phosphines. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38735051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dialkylchlorophosphines are among the most versatile building blocks for tertiary phosphine ligands, but their synthesis relies on the nucleophilic substitution of PCl3, leaving substituents that require P-H precursors largely inaccessible. The primary phosphine reagent iPr2NPH2·BH3 can serve as a doubly protected PH2Cl proxy, enabling the synthesis of bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)chlorophosphine (Bcp2PCl) for the first time. Bcp2PCl serves as a general reagent for the preparation of a family of bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl) alkyl- and arylphosphines, including new members of privileged phosphine ligand scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin L Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Waddell PM, Tian L, Scavuzzo AR, Venigalla L, Scholes GD, Carrow BP. Visible light-induced palladium-carbon bond weakening in catalytically relevant T-shaped complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14217-14228. [PMID: 38098701 PMCID: PMC10717500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering one-electron redox processes during palladium catalysis holds the potential to unlock new reaction mechanisms and synthetic methods not previously accessible in the typical two-electron reaction manifolds that dominate palladium catalysis. We report that T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes coordinated by a bulky monophosphine, a class of organometallic intermediate featured in a range of contemporary catalytic reactions, undergo blue light-promoted bond weakening leading to mild and efficient homolytic cleavage of strong Pd(ii)-C(sp3) bonds under ambient conditions. The origin of light-triggered radical formation in these systems, which lack an obvious ligand-based chromophore (i.e., π-systems), was investigated using a combination of DFT calculations, photoactinometry, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The available data suggest T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes manifest unusual blue light-accessible Pd-to-C(sp3) transition. The quantum efficiency and excited state lifetime of this process were unexpectedly superior compared to a prototypical (α-diimine)Pd(ii) complex featuring a low-lying, ligand-centered LUMO (π*). These results suggest coordinatively-unsaturated organopalladium(ii) compounds, catalysts in myriad catalytic processes, have untapped potential for one-electron reactivity under visible light excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Lalu Venigalla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
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Pierce JK, Hiatt LD, Howard JR, Hu H, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Amines as Activating Ligands for Phosphine Palladium(II) Precatalysts: Effect of Amine Ligand Identity on the Catalyst Efficiency. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Lindsey D. Hiatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - James R. Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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Shaughnessy KH. Covalent Modification of Nucleobases using Water-Soluble Palladium Catalysts. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200190. [PMID: 36074958 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides represent one of the key building blocks of biochemistry. There is significant interest in the synthesis of nucleoside-derived materials for applications as probes, biochemical models, and pharmaceuticals. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are effective methods for making covalent modification of carbon and nitrogen sites on nucleobases under mild conditions. Water-soluble catalysts derived from palladium and hydrophilic ligands, such as tris(3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine trisodium (TPPTS), are efficient catalysts for a range of coupling reactions of unprotected halonucleosides. Over the past two decades, these methods have been extended to direct functionalization of halonucleotides, as well as RNA and DNA oligonucleotides (ONs) containing halogenated bases. These methods can be run under biocompatible conditions, including examples of Suzuki coupling of modified DNA in whole cells and tissue samples. In this account, development of this methodology by our group and others is highlighted along with the extension of these catalyst systems to modification of nucleotides and ONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
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Tran RQ, Dinh LP, Jacoby SA, Harris NW, Swann WA, Williamson SN, Semsey RY, Yet L. Synthesis of 3-aryl-1-phosphinoimidazo[1,5- a]pyridine ligands for use in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28347-28351. [PMID: 35480780 PMCID: PMC9037988 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Aryl-1-phosphinoimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands were synthesized from 2-aminomethylpyridine as the initial substrate via two complementary routes. The first synthetic pathway underwent the coupling of 2-aminomethylpyridine with substituted benzoyl chlorides, followed by cyclization, iodination and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling phosphination reactions sequence to give our phosphorus ligands. In the second route, 2-aminomethylpyridine was cyclized with aryl aldehydes, followed by the iodination and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling phosphination reactions to yield our phosphorus ligands. The 3-aryl-1-phosphinoimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ligands were evaluated in palladium-catalyzed sterically-hindered biaryl and heterobiaryl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Q Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - Long P Dinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - Seth A Jacoby
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - Nekoda W Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - William A Swann
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | | | - Rebecca Y Semsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
| | - Larry Yet
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 USA
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Durakov SA, Shamsiev RS, Flid VR. The influence of the phosphine ligand nature on palladium catalysts in the norbornadiene allylation with allyl formate. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hu H, Burlas CE, Curley SJ, Gruchala T, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Effect of Aryl Ligand Identity on Catalytic Performance of Trineopentylphosphine Arylpalladium Complexes in N-Arylation Reactions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Corrie E. Burlas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Sabrina J. Curley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tomasz Gruchala
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Dossmann H, Gatineau D, Clavier H, Memboeuf A, Lesage D, Gimbert Y. Exploring Phosphine Electronic Effects on Molybdenum Complexes: A Combined Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Energy Decomposition Analysis Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8753-8765. [PMID: 33045825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In organometallic chemistry, especially in the catalysis area, accessing the finest tuning of a catalytic reaction pathway requires a detailed knowledge of the steric and electronic influences of the ligands bound to the metal center. Usually, the M-L bond between a ligand and metal is depicted by the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model involving two opposite interactions, σ-donor and π-acceptor effects of the ligand. The experimental evaluation of these effects is essential and complementary to in-depth theoretical approaches that are able to provide a detailed description of the M-L bond. In this work, we present a study of LMo(CO)5 complexes with L being various tertiary phosphine ligands by means of mass-selected high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) performed with synchrotron radiation, DFT, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) combined with the natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) analysis. These methods enable a separated access of the σ-donor and π-acceptor effects of ligands by probing either the electronic configuration of the complex (PES) or the interaction of the ligand with the metal (EDA). Three series of PR3 ligands with various electronic influences are investigated: the strong donating alkyl substituents (PMe3, PEt3, and PiPr3), the intermediate PPhxMe(3-x) (x = 0-3) set, and the PPhxPyrl(3-x) set (x = 0-3 with Pyrl being the strong electron withdrawing pyrrolyl group C4H4N). For each complex, their adiabatic and vertical ionization energies (IEs) could be determined with a 0.03 eV precision. Experiment and theory show an excellent agreement, either for the IE determination or electronic effect analysis. The ability to interpret the spectra is shown to depend on the character of the ligand. "Innocent" ligands provide the spectra that are the most straightforward to analyze, whereas the "non-innocent" ligands (which are ionized prior to the metal center) render the analysis more difficult due to an increased number of molecular orbitals in the energy range considered. A very good linear correlation is finally found between the measured adiabatic ionization energies and the interaction energy term obtained by EDA for each of these two types of ligands, which opens interesting perspective for the prediction of ligand characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Dossmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - David Gatineau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Clavier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Antony Memboeuf
- Univ Bretagne Occidentale and CNRS, CEMCA (UMR 6521), Brest 29238, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
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Hu H, Gilliam AM, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Enolizable Ketones as Activators of Palladium(II) Precatalysts in Amine Arylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Ashley M. Gilliam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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