Fagonia arabica L.: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses

Role of Goldenberry (Fruits with Husk) Extract in Ameliorating the Architecture and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells in Obese Rats

Goldenberry (GB) is a promising fruit that can be a constituent in many possible nourishments. No notifications were obtained regarding the impact of exposure to goldenberry extract in the viewpoint of blood rheological properties as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBCs) in obese rats. A substantial reduction in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL, with a considerable increment in HDL levels relative to the obese group (p ≤ 0.05), was observed in rats receiving low and high doses of GB, accompanied by restoration of SOD activity and GSH levels. Rheological parameters of rats' blood have been studied over a wide range of shear rates (225-1875 s-1). A significant decrease in blood viscosity in rats who received low and high doses of GB extract was compatible with every shear rate compared to the control group. The shear stress values of the obese rats reduced appreciably (p ≤ 0.05) in all values of shear rate (from 75 to 500 s-1) proportional to the control group, while in the groups that received low and high doses of GB extract, shear stress was restored to the control values. Finally, administration of GB extract significantly decreased yield stress and indices of whole blood aggregation, with an extremely substantial increment in flow rate, in rats given low or high doses of GB compared to obese ones. The result also showed a decrease in both the average raised osmotic fragility and the hemolysis rate in rats after supplementation with low and high doses of GB extract.

A Preliminary Cytotoxicity Study of Fagonia arabica against Breast (MCF-7), Oral (KB-3-1), and Lung Cancer (A-549) Cell Lines: A Study Supported by Molecular Marker Analysis Using Dual Staining Dyes

Aim: The objective of this research is to present a phytochemical profile of Fagonia arabica and to investigate the cytotoxic potential of its extracts against breast, oral, and lung cancer cell lines using MTT assay and dual staining-based mechanistic analysis. Methods: The progressive extraction of F. arabica was carried out using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was calculated as part of the phytochemical profiling performed using GCMS and LCMS methods. The MTT assay was utilized to assess the cytotoxicity against normal L929 cells, as well as malignant A549, MCF-7, and KB-3-1cell lines. Results: The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were the two main elements of the F. arabica methanolic extract, with 1323 µg GAE/g of dry weight and 523.07 µg QE/g of dry weight, respectively. The presence of the functional phytochemicals was verified by GCMS and LCMS analyses. Toxicity testing on the L929 cell line found that the F. arabica methanol extract was the least harmful, with the highest IC50 (296.11 µg/mL). The MTT assay for cell viability against MCF-7 and KB-3-1 yielded significant results, with IC50 values of 135.02 µg/mL and 195.21 µg/mL, respectively. The aqueous extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the A549 cell lines (IC50 116.06 µg/mL). The molecular marker analyses using dual staining revealed that the methanolic extract successfully triggered apoptosis in the different cancer cells tested. Conclusion: The present data suggest that the methanol extract of F. arabica has substantial cytotoxic action against lung, breast, and oral cancer cell lines. Thus, F. Arabica would be a promising source of anticancer medicines, warranting more research to identify the lead molecules with anticancer properties.