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Liu Q, Yang Y, Pan M, Shi K, Mo D, Li Y, Wang M, Guo L, Qian Z. Camptothecin multifunctional nanoparticles effectively achieve a balance between the efficacy of breast cancer treatment and the preservation of intestinal homeostasis. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:413-426. [PMID: 39184827 PMCID: PMC11342206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits potent antitumor activity; however, its clinical application is limited by significant gastrointestinal adverse effects (GAEs). Although the severity of GAEs associated with CPT derivatives has decreased, the incidence rate of these adverse effects has remained high. CPT multifunctional nanoparticles (PCRHNs) have the potential to increase the efficacy of CPT while reducing side effects in major target organs; however, the impact of PCRHNs on the GAEs from CPT remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of PCRHNs and different doses of CPT and examined their impacts on the intestinal barrier and the intestinal microbiota. We found that the therapeutic efficacy of PCRHNs + Laser treatment was superior to that of high-dose CPT, and PCRHNs + Laser treatment also provided greater benefits by helping maintain intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal microbiota diversity, and intestinal microbiota abundance. In summary, compared to high-dose CPT treatment, PCRHNs + Laser treatment can effectively balance therapeutic effects and GAEs. A high dose of CPT promotes the enrichment of the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia-Shigella, which may be attributed to diarrhea caused by CPT, thus leading to a reduction in microbial burden; additionally, Escherichia-Shigella rapidly grows and occupies niches previously occupied by other bacteria that are lost due to diarrhea. PCRHNs + Laser treatment increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (probiotics), possibly due to the photothermal effect of the PCRHNs. This effect increased catalase activity, thus facilitating the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen within tumors and increasing oxygen levels in the body, which is conducive to the growth of facultative anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dong Mo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yicong Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linfeng Guo
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Obermüller B, Singer G, Kienesberger B, Mittl B, Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Miekisch W, Fuchs P, Schweiger M, Pajed L, Till H, Castellani C. Probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC ® 10 AAD Reduces Cyclophosphamide-Induced Inflammation and Adipose Tissue Wasting in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3655. [PMID: 37630845 PMCID: PMC10458463 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is often associated with severe side effects such as drug induced weight loss, also known as chemotherapy-induced cachexia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a multispecies probiotic (OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD) in a chemotherapy mouse model. A total of 24 male BALB/c mice were gavage-fed with the probiotic formulation or water, once a day for 3 weeks. In the third week, the mice received intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide. At euthanasia, the organs were dissected, and serum was sampled for cytokine analysis. Tight junction components, myosin light chain kinase, mucins, and apoptosis markers were detected in the ileum and colon using histological analyses and qRT-PCR. Lipolysis was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay, Western blotting analyses, and qRT-PCR in WAT. The fecal microbiome was measured with 16S-rRNA gene sequencing from stool samples, and fecal volatile organic compounds analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The probiotic-fed mice exhibited significantly less body weight loss and adipose tissue wasting associated with a reduced CGI58 mediated lipolysis. They showed significantly fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower gut permeability compared to animals fed without the probiotic. The colons of the probiotic-fed animals showed lower inflammation scores and less goblet cell loss. qRT-PCR revealed no differences in regards to tight junction components, mucins, or apoptosis markers. No differences in microbiome alpha diversity, but differences in beta diversity, were observed between the treatment groups. Taxonomic analysis showed that the probiotic group had a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter and Ruminococcus-UCG014 and a higher abundance of Desulfovibrio. VOC analysis yielded no significant differences. The results of this study indicate that oral administration of the multispecies probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD could mitigate cyclophosphamide-induced chemotherapy side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Obermüller
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Bernhard Kienesberger
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Clinical Center of Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Barbara Mittl
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Center of Biomarker Research (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Angela Horvath
- Center of Biomarker Research (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Patricia Fuchs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, BioHealth-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, BioHealth-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Christoph Castellani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Weiz District Hospital, 8160 Weiz, Austria
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Lopes C, Almeida TC, Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pereira C. Linking dysbiosis to precancerous stomach through inflammation: Deeper than and beyond imaging. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134785. [PMID: 37063848 PMCID: PMC10102473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered the gold standard for gastric lesions detection and surveillance, but it is still associated with a non-negligible rate of missing conditions. In the Era of Personalized Medicine, biomarkers could be the key to overcome missed lesions or to better predict recurrence, pushing the frontier of endoscopy to functional endoscopy. In the last decade, microbiota in gastric cancer has been extensively explored, with gastric carcinogenesis being associated with progressive dysbiosis. Helicobacter pylori infection has been considered the main causative agent of gastritis due to its interference in disrupting the acidic environment of the stomach through inflammatory mediators. Thus, does inflammation bridge the gap between gastric dysbiosis and the gastric carcinogenesis cascade and could the microbiota-inflammation axis-derived biomarkers be the answer to the unmet challenge of functional upper endoscopy? To address this question, in this review, the available evidence on the role of gastric dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in precancerous conditions of the stomach is summarized, particularly targeting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. Additionally, the potential of liquid biopsies as a non-invasive source and the clinical utility of studied biomarkers is also explored. Overall, and although most studies offer a mechanistic perspective linking a strong proinflammatory Th1 cell response associated with, but not limited to, chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, promising data recently published highlights not only the diagnostic value of microbial biomarkers but also the potential of gastric juice as a liquid biopsy pushing forward the concept of functional endoscopy and personalized care in gastric cancer early diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP – Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana C. Almeida
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pimentel-Nunes
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Unilabs, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Carina Pereira,
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Clifford BK, Amorim NML, Kaakoush NO, Boysen L, Tedla N, Goldstein D, Hardeman EC, Simar D. Irradiation-Induced Dysbiosis: The Compounding Effect of High-Fat Diet on Metabolic and Immune Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065631. [PMID: 36982703 PMCID: PMC10057711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of irradiation or diet on the metabolic and immune profiles of cancer survivors have been previously demonstrated. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating these functions and is highly sensitive to cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation and diet on the gut microbiota and metabolic or immune functions. We exposed C57Bl/6J mice to a single dose of 6 Gy radiation and after 5 weeks, fed them a chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. We characterised their faecal microbiota, metabolic (whole body and adipose tissue) functions, and systemic (multiplex cytokine, chemokine assay, and immune cell profiling) and adipose tissue inflammatory profiles (immune cell profiling). At the end of the study, we observed a compounding effect of irradiation and diet on the metabolic and immune profiles of adipose tissue, with exposed mice fed a HFD displaying a greater inflammatory signature and impaired metabolism. Mice fed a HFD also showed altered microbiota, irrespective of irradiation status. An altered diet may exacerbate the detrimental effects of irradiation on both the metabolic and inflammatory profiles. This could have implications for the diagnosis and prevention of metabolic complications in cancer survivors exposed to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana K. Clifford
- School of Health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nadia M. L. Amorim
- UTS Centenary Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - Lykke Boysen
- School of Health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment of Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Edna C. Hardeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Simar
- School of Health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Exercise and Prebiotic Fiber Provide Gut Microbiota-Driven Benefit in a Survivor to Germ-Free Mouse Translational Model of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112722. [PMID: 35681702 PMCID: PMC9179252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In recent years, the community of microbes that inhabit the intestinal tract, called the gut microbiota, has been shown to influence patient response to several cancer therapies. On the other hand, treatments such as chemotherapy can disrupt the resident gut microbiota and potentially contribute to poor health outcomes. Strategies to improve the composition of the gut microbiota include dietary and exercise interventions. While diet and exercise are already established as important for breast cancer prevention, during treatment, and for reducing recurrence, little is known about the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota in the context of breast cancer. Therefore, our aim was to examine the impact of exercise and diet on the gut microbiota in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that exercise and prebiotic fiber supplementation may provide benefits to individuals with breast cancer through advantageous gut microbial changes. Our findings of a potential adjuvant of exercise and prebiotics should inspire further mechanistic and clinical investigations. Abstract The gut microbiota plays a role in shaping overall host health and response to several cancer treatments. Factors, such as diet, exercise, and chemotherapy, can alter the gut microbiota. In the present study, the Alberta Cancer Exercise (ACE) program was investigated as a strategy to favorably modify the gut microbiota of breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy. Subsequently, the ability of post-exercise gut microbiota, alone or with prebiotic fiber supplementation, to influence breast cancer outcomes was interrogated using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in germ-free mice. While cancer survivors experienced little gut microbial change following ACE, in the mice, tumor volume trended consistently lower over time in mice colonized with post-exercise compared to pre-exercise microbiota with significant differences on days 16 and 22. Beta diversity analysis revealed that EO771 breast tumor cell injection and Paclitaxel chemotherapy altered the gut microbial communities in mice. Enrichment of potentially protective microbes was found in post-exercise microbiota groups. Tumors of mice colonized with post-exercise microbiota exhibited more favorable cytokine profiles, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Beneficial microbial and molecular outcomes were augmented with prebiotic supplementation. Exercise and prebiotic fiber demonstrated adjuvant action, potentially via an enhanced anti-tumor immune response modulated by advantageous gut microbial shifts.
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The interplay between anticancer challenges and the microbial communities from the gut. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:691-711. [PMID: 35353280 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer being an increasing burden on human health, the use of anticancer drugs has risen over the last decades. The physiological effects of these drugs are not only perceived by the host's cells but also by the microbial cells it harbors as commensals, notably the gut microbiota. Since the early '50 s, the cytotoxicity of anticancer chemotherapy was evaluated on bacteria revealing some antimicrobial activities that result in an established perturbation of the gut microbiota. This perturbation can affect the host's health through dysbiosis, which can lead to multiple complications, but has also been shown to have a direct effect on the treatment efficiency.We, therefore, conducted a review of literature focusing on this triangular relationship involving the microbial communities from the gut, the host's disease, and the anticancer treatment. We focused specifically on the antimicrobial effects of anticancer chemotherapy, their impact on mutagenesis in bacteria, and the perspectives of using bacteria-based tools to help in the diagnostic and treatment of cancer.
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Role of Gastric Microorganisms Other than Helicobacter pylori in the Development and Treatment of Gastric Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6263423. [PMID: 35321071 PMCID: PMC8938066 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6263423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment in the stomach is different from other digestive tracts, mainly because of the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, bile reflux, special mucus barrier, gastric peristalsis, and so on, which all contribute to the formation of antibacterial environment. Microecological disorders can lead to gastric immune disorders or lead to the decrease of dominant bacteria and the increase of the abundance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms and then promote the occurrence of diseases. The body performs its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity and maintains microbial balance through the mechanism of immune homeostasis. Microecological imbalance can lead to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and damage mucosal barrier and immune system. The coexistence of gastric microorganisms (including viruses and fungi) may play a synergistic or antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases. Probiotics have the ability to compete with intestinal pathogens, increase the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), stimulate the production of mucin, bacteriocin, and lactic acid, regulate the expression and secretion of cytokines, and regulate the growth of microbiota, which all have beneficial effects on the host microbial environment. At present, most studies focused on Helicobacter pylori, ignoring other stomach microbes and the overall stomach microecology. So, in this article, we reviewed advances in human gastric microecology, the relationship between gastric microecology and immunity or gastric diseases, and the treatment of probiotics in gastric diseases, in order to explore new area for further study of gastric microorganisms and treatment of gastric diseases.
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Multiple Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated With Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea in Patients With Breast Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2022; 45:181-189. [PMID: 34183520 PMCID: PMC8712622 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrelieved chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) is a significant problem for patients with breast cancer (BC). OBJECTIVE In a sample of patients with BC who were assessed before their second or third cycle of chemotherapy, study purposes were to evaluate for the occurrence, severity, frequency, and distress associated with CIN; evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom occurrence rates between patients who did and did not report CIN; and determine which demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics were associated with the occurrence of CIN. METHODS Patients completed demographic and clinical questionnaires and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale for nausea and common GI symptom assessments. Univariate analyses evaluated for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and GI symptom occurrence between patients who did and did not report CIN. Multiple logistic regression analysis evaluated for characteristics associated with CIN. RESULTS Of the 532 patients with BC, 47.2% reported CIN occurrence. Characteristics associated with CIN group membership were poorer functional status, receipt of chemotherapy on a 14-day cycle, and higher occurrence rates of 5 GI symptoms (ie, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation, change in the way food tastes, and lack of appetite; all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Unrelieved CIN is a common symptom in patients with BC. This study is the first to demonstrate that 5 co-occurring GI symptoms were associated with CIN occurrence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study identified new risk factors for CIN occurrence in patients with BC. Clinicians may be able to initiate additional interventions to alleviate CIN.
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Impact of chemotherapy-induced enteric nervous system toxicity on gastrointestinal mucositis. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2021; 14:293-300. [PMID: 32769620 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for many cancers; however, its use is hampered by a long list of side-effects. Gastrointestinal mucositis is a common and debilitating side-effect of anticancer therapy contributing to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment, greatly impacting clinical outcomes. The underlying pathophysiology of gastrointestinal mucositis is complex and likely involves several overlapping inflammatory, secretory and neural mechanisms, yet research investigating the role of innervation in gastrointestinal mucositis is scarce. This review provides an overview of the current literature surrounding chemotherapy-induced enteric neurotoxicity and discusses its implications on gastrointestinal mucositis. RECENT FINDINGS Damage to the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system (ENS), occurs following chemotherapeutic administration, leading to altered gastrointestinal functions. Chemotherapeutic drugs have various mechanisms of actions on the ENS. Oxidative stress, direct toxicity and inflammation have been identified as mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced ENS damage. Enteric neuroprotection has proven to be beneficial to reduce gastrointestinal dysfunction in animal models of oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy. SUMMARY Understanding of the ENS role in chemotherapy-induced mucositis requires further investigation and might lead to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side-effects.
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Body Composition Change, Unhealthy Lifestyles and Steroid Treatment as Predictor of Metabolic Risk in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030215. [PMID: 33802940 PMCID: PMC8002720 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle, as sedentary, unbalanced diet, smoking, and body composition change are often observed in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) survivors, and could be determinant for the onset of cancer treatment-induced metabolic syndrome (CTIMetS), including abdominal obesity, sarcopenia, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in body composition, unhealthy lifestyles and types of anti-cancer treatment could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and sarcopenia in long-term NHL survivors. We enrolled 60 consecutive NHL patients in continuous remission for at least 3 years. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry-plicometry, and a questionnaire concerning lifestyles and eating habits was administered. More than 60% of survivors exhibited weight gain and a change in body composition, with an increased risk of MetSyn. Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher risk of metabolic disorder in patients treated with steroids, and in patients with unhealthy lifestyles. These data suggest that a nutritional intervention, associated with adequate physical activity and a healthier lifestyle, should be indicated early during the follow-up of lymphoma patients, in order to decrease the risk of MetSyn’s onset and correlated diseases in the long term.
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11
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Dumont-Leblond N, Veillette M, Racine C, Joubert P, Duchaine C. Development of a robust protocol for the characterization of the pulmonary microbiota. Commun Biol 2021; 4:164. [PMID: 33547364 PMCID: PMC7864980 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of methodological standardization diminishes the validity of results obtained and the conclusions drawn when studying the lung microbiota. We report the validation of a complete 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing workflow, from patient recruitment to bioinformatics, tailored to the constrains of the pulmonary environment. We minimize the impact of contaminants and establish negative controls to track and account for them at every step. Enzymatic and mechanical homogenization combined to commercially available extraction kits allow for a fast and reliable extraction of bacterial DNA. The DNA extraction kits have a significant impact on the bacterial composition of the controls. The bacterial signatures of extracted cancerous and healthy human tissues from 5 patients are highly distinguishable from methodological controls. Our work expands our understanding of low microbial burdened environments analysis. This article is to be a starting point towards methodological standardization and the implementation of proper sampling procedures in the study of lung microbiota. Nathan Dumont-Leblond et al. present a protocol for lung microbiota analysis, including all steps from patient recruitment to bioinformatics. The data show how methodological variation, such as use of different DNA extraction kits, can impact the results and represent an important step toward methods standardization in the pulmonary microbiome field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dumont-Leblond
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Racine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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12
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Zhang P, Feng Y, Li L, Ge W, Yu S, Hao Y, Shen W, Han X, Ma D, Yin S, Tian Y, Min L, Sun Z, Sun Q, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Improvement in sperm quality and spermatogenesis following faecal microbiota transplantation from alginate oligosaccharide dosed mice. Gut 2021; 70:222-225. [PMID: 32303608 PMCID: PMC7788261 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Urology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Urology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China .,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Sampsell K, Hao D, Reimer RA. The Gut Microbiota: A Potential Gateway to Improved Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9239. [PMID: 33287442 PMCID: PMC7731103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual's physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual's risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of 'dysbiosis' can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Desirée Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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14
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Menezes-Garcia Z, Do Nascimento Arifa RD, Acúrcio L, Brito CB, Gouvea JO, Lima RL, Bastos RW, Fialho Dias AC, Antunes Dourado LP, Bastos LFS, Queiroz-Júnior CM, Igídio CED, Bezerra RDO, Vieira LQ, Nicoli JR, Teixeira MM, Fagundes CT, Souza DG. Colonization by Enterobacteriaceae is crucial for acute inflammatory responses in murine small intestine via regulation of corticosterone production. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1531-1546. [PMID: 32573321 PMCID: PMC7524327 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1765946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is known to be involved in several inflammatory diseases, whether any specific bacterial taxa control host response to inflammatory stimuli is still elusive. Here, we hypothesized that dysbiotic indigenous taxa could be involved in modulating host response to inflammatory triggers. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments in germ-free (GF) mice and in mice colonized with dysbiotic taxa identified in conventional (CV) mice subjected to chemotherapy-induced mucositis. First, we report that the absence of microbiota decreased inflammation and damage in the small intestine after administration of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Also, 5-FU induced a shift in CV microbiota resulting in higher amounts of Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli, in feces and small intestine and tissue damage. Prevention of Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth by treating mice with ciprofloxacin resulted in diminished 5-FU-induced tissue damage, indicating that this bacterial group is necessary for 5-FU-induced inflammatory response. In addition, monocolonization of germ-free (GF) mice with E. coli led to reversal of the protective phenotype during 5-FU chemotherapy. E. coli monocolonization decreased the basal plasma corticosterone levels and blockade of glucocorticoid receptor in GF mice restored inflammation upon 5-FU treatment. In contrast, treatment of CV mice with ciprofloxacin, that presented reduction of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli content, induced an increase in corticosterone levels. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth during dysbiosis impacts inflammation and tissue injury in the small intestine. Importantly, indigenous Enterobacteriaceae modulates host production of the anti-inflammatory steroid corticosterone and, consequently, controls inflammatory responsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Acúrcio
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Bernardo Brito
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Oliveira Gouvea
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Wesley Bastos
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fialho Dias
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro F. S. Bastos
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leda Q. Vieira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacques R. Nicoli
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio T. Fagundes
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Caio T. Fagundes Departamento De Microbiologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais6627, Brazil
| | - Daniele G. Souza
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,CONTACT Daniele G. Souza
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15
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Zanotta N, Ottaviani G, Campisciano G, Poropat A, Bovenzi M, Rupel K, Gobbo M, Comar M, Di Lenarda R, Biasotto M, Zacchigna S. Photobiomodulation modulates inflammation and oral microbiome: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2020; 25:677-684. [PMID: 32960109 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1825812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe side effect in patients undergoing anticancer therapies, which negatively impacts on their quality of life often leading to either the interruption of the therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is emerging as an effective strategy allowing a faster wound healing. OBJECTIVES This pilot study aims at verifying whether PBM modulates the inflammatory response in patients and its effect on the oral microbiome composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Buccal swabs were collected from four patients affected by OM, both on ulcerated and clinically healthy areas, before and on the last day of PBM therapy, as well as on the first day after treatment discontinuation. The concentration of 38 cytokines and the composition of oral microbiome were measured. RESULTS Most of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines resulted up-regulated by PBM. In addition, PBM influenced the composition of oral microbiome, by decreasing the amount of pathogenic species and promoting the growth of commensal bacteria. These changes were even more evident when separately analysing patients who clinically responded to PBM and the only patient who did not respond. CONCLUSIONS PBM reduces inflammatory burden in patients affected by OM and positively influences the composition of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Poropat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katia Rupel
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
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16
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Yeung CY, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Chang SW, Chang YH, Jiang CB, Lee HC. Modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a 5-fluorouracil-induced mouse model of mucositis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:806-814. [PMID: 31674687 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal mucositis remained one of the most deleterious complications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 5-FU treatment was reported to affect the abundance of gut microbiota and cause mucositis, which might be ameliorated by probiotics. We investigate the potential changes of 5-FU treatment and the modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a mouse model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice received either 5-FU or saline (S). They were separated and fed saline, Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BG). Lcr and BG were simultaneously administered with 5-FU for 5 days. Stool specimens were collected for DNA extraction and pyrosequenced for bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Fecal microbial communities were obviously diverse. Bacteroides and Bacteroidaceae were the most abundant microbiota in FU.BG group while S24_7 was the most in S.S group. At phylum and class levels, abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichi, Gammaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were significantly increased in the FU groups. Probiotics supplementation did increase the abundances of Enterobacteriales and Turicibacterales. We demonstrated that probiotics did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Bacterial motility proteins were found enriched and upregulated in the S.BG group. No mortality was noted. No bacterial translocation was found in spleen and blood among the six groups. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota of mice undergoing chemotherapy exhibited a distinct disruption in bacterial composition. Probiotic did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. This is the first study to analyze the effects and safety of Lactobacillus strains on 5-FU-induced mucositis systematically and assess changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lein Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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17
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Mucosa microbiome of gastric lesions: Fungi and bacteria interactions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:195-213. [PMID: 32475522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many components of the gastric non-Helicobacter pylori microbiota have been identified recently thanks to advances in DNA sequencing techniques. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the gastric microbiome is essential for gastric disorders such as gastric cancer. Microbial interactions impact the pathophysiology of various gastric disorders. This chapter provides an overview of recent findings regarding general gastric microbial community profiling, microbial interactions in the stomach, and microbial characteristics in various gastric disorders.
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18
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Singh H, Kinarivala N, Sharma S. Multi-Targeting Anticancer Agents: Rational Approaches, Synthetic Routes and Structure Activity Relationship. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:842-874. [PMID: 30657048 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190118120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We live in a world with complex diseases such as cancer which cannot be cured with one-compound one-target based therapeutic paradigm. This could be due to the involvement of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. One-compound-various-targets stratagem has become a prevailing research topic in anti-cancer drug discovery. The simultaneous interruption of two or more targets has improved the therapeutic efficacy as compared to the specific targeted based therapy. In this review, six types of dual targeting agents along with some interesting strategies used for their design and synthesis are discussed. Their pharmacology with various types of the molecular interactions within their specific targets has also been described. This assemblage will reveal the recent trends and insights in front of the scientific community working in dual inhibitors and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeted anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India.,Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
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19
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Chang CW, Lee HC, Li LH, Chiang Chiau JS, Wang TE, Chuang WH, Chen MJ, Wang HY, Shih SC, Liu CY, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020386. [PMID: 31936237 PMCID: PMC7013718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen, is one of most common therapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the efficacy and the safety of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) in cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents are still scant. We investigated the effect of FMT on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice implanted with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered FMT daily during and two days after five-day injection of FOLFOX regimen for seven days. Administration of FOLFOX significantly induced marked levels of diarrhea and intestinal injury. FMT reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis. Additionally, the number of goblet cells and zonula occludens-1 decreased, while apoptotic and NF-κB-positive cells increased following FOLFOX treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MyD88, and serum IL-6 were upregulated following FOLFOX treatment. These responses were attenuated following FMT. The disrupted fecal gut microbiota composition was also restored by FMT after FOLFOX treatment. Importantly, FMT did not cause bacteremia and safely alleviated FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism may involve the gut microbiota TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with implanted colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
| | - Jen-Shiu Chiang Chiau
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
| | - Tsang-En Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
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20
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Nolden A, Joseph PV, Kober KM, Cooper BA, Paul SM, Hammer MJ, Dunn LB, Conley YP, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Co-occurring Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated With Taste Changes in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 58:756-765. [PMID: 31349034 PMCID: PMC6823134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Over 80% of patients with cancer report taste changes. Despite the high prevalence of this symptom and its negative effects on health, few studies have assessed its association with other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. OBJECTIVES Determine the occurrence, frequency, severity, and distress of patient-reported "change in the way food tastes" (CFT) and identify phenotypic and GI symptoms characteristics associated with its occurrence. METHODS Patients receiving chemotherapy for breast, GI, gynecological, or lung cancer completed demographic and symptom questionnaires prior to their second or third cycle of chemotherapy. CFT was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Differences in demographic, clinical, and GI symptom characteristics were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Of the 1329 patients, 49.4% reported experiencing CFT in the week prior to their second or third cycle of chemotherapy. In the univariate analysis, patients who reported CFT had fewer years of education; were more likely to be black or Hispanic, mixed race, or other; and had a lower annual household income. A higher percentage of patients with CFT reported the occurrence of 13 GI symptoms (e.g., constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, feeling bloated). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, compared with patients with breast cancer, patients with lung cancer (odds ratio = 0.55; P = 0.004) had a decrease in the odds of being in the CFT group. Patients who received a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and two other antiemetics were at an increased odds of being in the CFT group (odds ratio = 2.51; P = 0.001). Eight of the 13 GI symptoms evaluated were associated with an increased odds of being in the CFT group. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence on the frequency, severity, and distress of CFT in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. These findings suggest that CFT is an important problem that warrants ongoing assessments and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Nolden
- Food Science Department, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marilyn J Hammer
- Department of Nursing, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura B Dunn
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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21
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Avni T, Babitch T, Ben-Zvi H, Hijazi R, Ayada G, Atamna A, Bishara J. Clostridioides difficile infection in immunocompromised hospitalized patients is associated with a high recurrence rate. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 90:237-242. [PMID: 31672656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) may pose a serious threat to immunocompromised patients (IMC). Herein, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of IMC patients with CDI. METHODS All consecutive hospitalized patients between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 with laboratory confirmed CDI were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups: IMC patients and controls. Primary outcome was the recurrence rate of CDI (rCDI) at 30 and 90 days after the first CDI episode. Secondary outcomes included 30 and 90 day all-cause mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS) and readmission rates. A multivariate analysis adjusted other risk factors for recurrence. An analysis of IMC patient subgroups (based on type of IMC conditions) was also performed. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS A total of 573 patients were included, amongst them 149 IMC patients (36 solid organ transplants, 38 undergoing chemotherapy, 62 haematological conditions, 13 receiving high dose prednisone) and 424 controls. IMC patients were younger, independent and exhibited less significant comorbidities. On multivariable analysis, the rate of rCDI was significantly higher in IMC patients (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-5). rCDI was also associated with vancomycin therapy, haemodialysis and previous hospitalizations. Mortality, LOS, CDI complications and rehospitalization rates were similar in both. CONCLUSIONS IMC patients with CDI have an increased risk of 90 days rCDI. Vancomycin treatment for CDI endangers recurrence in IMC patients. Further research should explore other therapies for IMC patients with CDI with alternative agents such as Fidaxomicin and Bezlotoxumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avni
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Internal Medicine Department E, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Babitch
- Internal Medicine Department E, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Rabab Hijazi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gida Ayada
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alaa Atamna
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jihad Bishara
- Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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22
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Singh K, Kober KM, Paul SM, Hammer M, Wright F, Conley YP, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with trajectories of chemotherapy-induced nausea. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2205-2215. [PMID: 31428931 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Between 19 and 58% of oncology patients experience chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN). In a sample of outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal (GI), gynecological, and lung cancer, the study purposes were to evaluate for inter-individual differences in the severity of CIN over two cycles of chemotherapy (CTX) and to determine which demographic and clinical characteristics and GI symptoms were associated with higher initial levels as well as with the trajectories of CIN severity. METHODS Patients completed study questionnaires at six time points over two cycles of CTX. These questionnaires provided information on demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the occurrence of twelve GI symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling based on full maximum likelihood estimation was performed. RESULTS Of the 1251 patients, 47.2% reported CIN. Across two cycles of CTX, lower functional status scores and higher levels of comorbidity were associated with higher initial levels of CIN. Younger age and emetogenicity of the CTX regimen were associated with higher initial levels as well as worse trajectories of CIN. The occurrence of five GI symptoms (i.e., vomiting, lack of appetite, constipation, feeling bloated, and difficulty swallowing) was associated with higher initial levels of CIN. The occurrence of mouth sores was associated with higher initial levels as well as with worst trajectories of CIN. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify distinct demographic, clinical, and GI symptom characteristics associated with CIN severity. These findings suggest that the etiology of CIN is complex and may warrant interventions beyond standard antiemetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | | | - Fay Wright
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA.
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23
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Chamseddine AN, Ducreux M, Armand JP, Paoletti X, Satar T, Paci A, Mir O. Intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase as a possible predictive biomarker of irinotecan-induced diarrhea severity. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Basmaciyan L, Bon F, Paradis T, Lapaquette P, Dalle F. " Candida Albicans Interactions With The Host: Crossing The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier". Tissue Barriers 2019; 7:1612661. [PMID: 31189436 PMCID: PMC6619947 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2019.1612661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Formerly a commensal organism of the mucosal surfaces of most healthy individuals, Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections ranging from superficial to the more life-threatening disseminated infections, especially in the ever-growing population of vulnerable patients in the hospital setting. In these situations, the fungus takes advantage of its host following a disturbance in the host defense system and/or the mucosal microbiota. Overwhelming evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract is the main source of disseminated C. albicans infections. Major risk factors for disseminated candidiasis include damage to the mucosal intestinal barrier, immune dysfunction, and dysbiosis of the resident microbiota. A better understanding of C. albicans' interaction with the intestinal epithelial barrier will be useful for designing future therapies to avoid systemic candidiasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of pathogenicity that allow the fungus to reach and translocate the gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Basmaciyan
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire Gérard Mack, Dijon France
- UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Bon
- UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, Dijon, France
| | - Tracy Paradis
- UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Lapaquette
- UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire Gérard Mack, Dijon France
- UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, Dijon, France
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25
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Role of bioactive lipofishins in prevention of inflammation and colon cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:175-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Zhong S, Zhou Z, Liang Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Teng W, Zhao M, Liu C, Guan M, Zhao C. Targeting strategies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: does gut microbiota play a role? Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:369-393. [PMID: 31106639 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1608905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a progressive, often irreversible condition that produces severe neurological deficits. Emerging data suggest that chemotherapy also exerts detrimental effects on gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability, contributing to dysbiosis and inflammation. Compared with other complications associated with chemotherapy, such as diarrhoea and mucositis, CIPN is of particular concern because it is the most common reason for terminating or suspending treatment. However, specific and effective curative treatment strategies are lacking. In this review, we provide an update on current preclinical and clinical understandings about the role of gut microbiota in CIPN. The gut microbiota serves as an intersection between the microbiome-gut-brain and the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, forming a complex network that can directly or indirectly affect key components involved in the manifestations of CIPN. Herein, we discuss several potential mechanisms within the context of the networks and summarize alterations in gut microbiome induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, providing great potential for researchers to target pathways associated with the gut microbiome and overcome CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Weiyu Teng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Meiting Guan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
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27
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Serum Concentration of Genistein, Luteolin and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030600. [PMID: 30871032 PMCID: PMC6472030 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although flavonoid phytoestrogens have been suggested to be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), their influence on CRC prognosis remains uncertain. A population-based cohort of 2051 patients diagnosed with stage I⁻III CRC in southwest Germany in 2003⁻2010 were followed for five years. Post-diagnostic serum concentration of genistein and luteolin were measured using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with mass spectrometry. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to calculate the Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between flavonoids concentration and overall morality, CRC-specific mortality, CRC recurrence, and disease-free survival (DFS). Median (interquartile range) serum concentration of genistein and luteolin was 11.90 ng/µL (10.08⁻14.13) and 7.20 ng/µL (6.40⁻8.16), respectively. Neither serum genistein nor luteolin was associated with CRC prognosis. There was no clear evidence of departure from linearity. However, the association might be differential by adjuvant chemotherapy. Associations pointed towards lower risk in patients who received chemotherapy and higher risk in those without chemotherapy for overall mortality regarding serum genistein (P-interaction = 0.02) and correspondingly for CRC recurrence (P-interaction: 0.03) and DFS (P-interaction: 0.01) with respect to luteolin. Our study provides little evidence that serum genistein and luteolin are associated with colorectal cancer prognosis. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the potential interaction with adjuvant chemotherapy.
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28
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Teixeira PRS, Teixeira ASDNM, Farias EADO, da Silva Filho EC, da Cunha HN, dos Santos Júnior JR, Nunes LCC, Lima HRS, Eiras C. Development of a low-cost electrochemical sensor based on babassu mesocarp (Orbignya phalerata) immobilized on a flexible gold electrode for applications in sensors for 5-fluorouracil chemotherapeutics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:659-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Chang CW, Liu CY, Lee HC, Huang YH, Li LH, Chiau JSC, Wang TE, Chu CH, Shih SC, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Lactobacillus casei Variety rhamnosus Probiotic Preventively Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Intestinal Injury in a Syngeneic Colorectal Cancer Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:983. [PMID: 29867884 PMCID: PMC5962742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, including FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), is recommended for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis remains a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies are available. To develop a convenient and novel way to alleviate mucositis, we investigated the effect of Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered Lcr35 daily before, during, and after 5-day injection of FOLFOX regimen, for 14 days. The following methods were used: diarrhea score for toxicity, ELISA for cytokine production, histopathology for intestinal injury, immunohistochemistry for apoptosis/proliferation and regulatory proteins, RT-PCR for cytokine mRNA expression, and DNA sequencing for fecal gut microbiota. FOLFOX administration to colorectal cancer-bearing mice significantly inhibited tumor growth and the accompanying marked diarrhea and intestinal injury histologically characterized by the shortening of villi and destruction of intestinal crypts. Preventive administration of Lcr35 dose-dependently reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis without affecting the anti-tumor effect of FOLFOX. The numbers of apoptotic, NF-κB-, and BAX-activated cells increased after FOLFOX, and these responses were mitigated by Lcr35. TNF-α and IL-6 upregulation by FOLFOX treatment was attenuated by Lcr35. The fecal gut microbiota composition of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes disturbed by FOLFOX was significantly reversed by Lcr35 toward a preferential profile. In conclusion, the oral probiotic Lcr35 prevented FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism might involve modulation of gut microbiota and proinflammatory responses with suppression of intrinsic apoptosis in intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsang-En Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Maier L, Pruteanu M, Kuhn M, Zeller G, Telzerow A, Anderson EE, Brochado AR, Fernandez KC, Dose H, Mori H, Patil KR, Bork P, Typas A. Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature 2018; 555:623-628. [PMID: 29555994 PMCID: PMC6108420 DOI: 10.1038/nature25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1160] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A few commonly used non-antibiotic drugs have recently been associated with changes in gut microbiome composition, but the extent of this phenomenon is unknown. Here, we screened more than 1,000 marketed drugs against 40 representative gut bacterial strains, and found that 24% of the drugs with human targets, including members of all therapeutic classes, inhibited the growth of at least one strain in vitro. Particular classes, such as the chemically diverse antipsychotics, were overrepresented in this group. The effects of human-targeted drugs on gut bacteria are reflected on their antibiotic-like side effects in humans and are concordant with existing human cohort studies. Susceptibility to antibiotics and human-targeted drugs correlates across bacterial species, suggesting common resistance mechanisms, which we verified for some drugs. The potential risk of non-antibiotics promoting antibiotic resistance warrants further exploration. Our results provide a resource for future research on drug-microbiome interactions, opening new paths for side effect control and drug repurposing, and broadening our view of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihaela Pruteanu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kuhn
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Telzerow
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Exene Erin Anderson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Brochado
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hitomi Dose
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hirotada Mori
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kiran Raosaheb Patil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Typas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Escalante J, McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Nurgali K. Impact of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal functions and the enteric nervous system. Maturitas 2017; 105:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Li HL, Lu L, Wang XS, Qin LY, Wang P, Qiu SP, Wu H, Huang F, Zhang BB, Shi HL, Wu XJ. Alteration of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Profiles in 5-Fluorouracil Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:455. [PMID: 29124041 PMCID: PMC5662589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed homeostasis of gut microbiota has been suggested to be closely associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) induced mucositis. However, current knowledge of the overall profiles of 5-Fu-disturbed gut microbiota is limited, and so far there is no direct convincing evidence proving the causality between 5-Fu-disturbed microbiota and colonic mucositis. In mice, in agreement with previous reports, 5-Fu resulted in severe colonic mucositis indicated by weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, shortened colon, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. It significantly changed the profiles of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in serum and colon. Adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and VE-Cadherin were increased. While tight junction protein occludin was reduced, however, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) were increased in colonic tissues of 5-Fu treated mice. Meanwhile, inflammation related signaling pathways including NF-κB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in the colon were activated. Further study disclosed that 5-Fu diminished bacterial community richness and diversity, leading to the relative lower abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in feces and cecum contents. 5-Fu also reduced the proportion of Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria, and Candidate division TM7, but increased that of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria in feces and/or cecum contents. The fecal transplant from healthy mice prevented body weight loss and colon shortening of 5-Fu treated mice. In addition, the fecal transplant from 5-Fu treated mice reduced body weight and colon length of vancomycin-pretreated mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated that gut microbiota was actively involved in the pathological process of 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis, suggesting potential attenuation of 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by manipulating gut microbiota homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yue Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Ping Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Jaskulski S, Jung AY, Rudolph A, Johnson T, Thöne K, Herpel E, Sinn P, Chang-Claude J. Genistein and enterolactone in relation to Ki-67 expression and HER2 status in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jaskulski
- German Cancer Research Center; Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Audrey Y. Jung
- German Cancer Research Center; Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center; Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- German Cancer Research Center; Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kathrin Thöne
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Cancer Epidemiology/ Clinical Cancer Registry; University Cancer Center Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Heidelberg University Hospital; Department of Pathology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Sinn
- Heidelberg University Hospital; Department of Pathology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center; Division of Cancer Epidemiology; Heidelberg Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; University Cancer Center Hamburg; Genetic Tumour Epidemiology Group; Hamburg Germany
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Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178870. [PMID: 28575095 PMCID: PMC5456391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is commonly used for abdominal or pelvic cancer, and patients receiving radiotherapy have a high risk developing to an acute radiation-induced diarrhea. Several previous studies have discussed the effect of probiotics on prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea, but the results are still inconsistent. Objective We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for prevention the radiation-induced diarrhea. Methods Relevant RCTs studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on clinical outcomes compared with placebo were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases (up to March 30 2016). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 and H2, and publication bias was evaluated using sensitive analysis. Results Six trials, a total of 917 participants (490 participants received prophylactic probiotics and 427 participants received placebo), were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, probiotics were associated with a lower incidence of radiation-induced diarrhea (RR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34–0.88; P = 0.01; I2: 87%; 95% CI: 75%-94%; H2: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.0–4.0). However, there is no significant difference in the anti-diarrheal medication use (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.40–1.14; P = 0.14) or bristol scale on stool form (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.35–1.17; P = 0.14). Conclusion Probiotics may be beneficial to prevent radiation-induced diarrhea in patients who suffered from abdominal or pelvic cancers during radiotherapy period.
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Scappaticci GB, Perissinotti AJ, Nagel JL, Bixby DL, Marini BL. Risk factors and impact of Clostridium difficile recurrence on haematology patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1488-1495. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Wang H, Geier MS, Howarth GS. Prebiotics: A Potential Treatment Strategy for the Chemotherapy-damaged Gut? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:946-56. [PMID: 25162145 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.741082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis, characterized by ulcerative lesions along the alimentary tract, is a common consequence of many chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy negatively disrupts the intestinal microbiota, resulting in increased numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae, and decreased numbers of "beneficial" bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Agents capable of restoring homeostasis in the bowel microbiota could, therefore, be applicable to mucositis. Prebiotics are indigestible compounds, commonly oligosaccharides, that seek to reverse chemotherapy-induced intestinal dysbiosis through selective colonization of the intestinal microbiota by probiotic bacteria. In addition, evidence is emerging that certain prebiotics contribute to nutrient digestibility and absorption, modulate intestinal barrier function through effects on mucin expression, and also modify mucosal immune responses, possibly via inflammasome-mediated processes. This review examines the known mechanisms of prebiotic action, and explores their potential for reducing the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Wang
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia
| | - Mark S Geier
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia.,b South Australian Research and Development Institute, Pig and Poultry Production Institute, Nutrition Research Laboratory , Roseworthy , South Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia.,c Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service , North Adelaide , South Australia
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Gardikis K, Signorelli M, Ferrario C, Schiraldi A, Fortina MG, Hatziantoniou S, Demetzos C, Fessas D. Microbial biosensors to monitor the encapsulation effectiveness of Doxorubicin in chimeric advanced Drug Delivery Nano Systems: A calorimetric approach. Int J Pharm 2016; 516:178-184. [PMID: 27845212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) incorporated in a new drug carrier, namely a chimeric nanosystem formed by liposomes and dendrimers, was studied following the influence of the drug on the growth kinetics of the Lactobacillus helveticus bacterium, that would mimic the intestinal microflora. The bacterial growth was followed at 37°C by means of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and the method was assessed to monitor the overall effect of the delivered drug obtaining simple objective parameters to define the encapsulation effectiveness of the system, discriminating dose effects even in cases of very low release. Traditional microbiological investigations and in vitro release tests were also performed in parallel for validation. The achieved results suggest that L. helveticus is an excellent candidate as biosensor to assess the sealing effectiveness of these DOX drug carriers through ITC investigations. This approach can be extended for quantitative comparison of drug delivery systems with the same drug inserted in other supramolecular bodies for quantitative comparison. The peculiar results for the DOX drug carrier system investigated, indicate also that, the use of hydrophilic dendrimers in this case, produce a high sealing effect that seems promising in terms of the intestinal flora protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gardikis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Signorelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrario
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Schiraldi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Fortina
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Westerink NL, Nuver J, Lefrandt JD, Vrieling AH, Gietema JA, Walenkamp AME. Cancer treatment induced metabolic syndrome: Improving outcome with lifestyle. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:128-136. [PMID: 27931830 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of long-term cancer survivors face important treatment related adverse effects. Cancer treatment induced metabolic syndrome (CTIMetS) is an especially prevalent and harmful condition. The aetiology of CTIMetS likely differs from metabolic syndrome in the general population, but effective treatment and prevention methods are probably similar. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms leading to the development of CTIMetS after various types of cancer treatment. Furthermore, we propose a safe and accessible method to treat or prevent CTIMetS through lifestyle change. In particular, we suggest that a lifestyle intervention and optimization of energy balance can prevent or mitigate the development of CTIMetS, which may contribute to optimal survivorship care.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Westerink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Nuver
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J D Lefrandt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A H Vrieling
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M E Walenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Chemotherapy-Induced Constipation and Diarrhea: Pathophysiology, Current and Emerging Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27857691 PMCID: PMC5093116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects of chemotherapy are a debilitating and often overlooked clinical hurdle in cancer management. Chemotherapy-induced constipation (CIC) and Diarrhea (CID) present a constant challenge in the efficient and tolerable treatment of cancer and are amongst the primary contributors to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment. Although prevalence of CIC is hard to estimate, it is believed to affect approximately 16% of cancer patients, whilst incidence of CID has been estimated to be as high as 80%. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of both CID and CIC remain unclear, but are believed to result from a combination of intersecting mechanisms including inflammation, secretory dysfunctions, GI dysmotility and alterations in GI innervation. Current treatments for CIC and CID aim to reduce the severity of symptoms rather than combating the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysfunction, and often result in worsening of already chronic GI symptoms or trigger the onset of a plethora of other side-effects including respiratory depression, uneven heartbeat, seizures, and neurotoxicity. Emerging treatments including those targeting the enteric nervous system present promising avenues to alleviate CID and CIC. Identification of potential targets for novel therapies to alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life amongst cancer sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC, Banco de Santander Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Mayo BJ, Stringer AM, Bowen JM, Bateman EH, Keefe DM. Irinotecan-induced mucositis: the interactions and potential role of GLP-2 analogues. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 79:233-249. [PMID: 27770239 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A common side effect of irinotecan administration is gastrointestinal mucositis, often manifesting as severe diarrhoea. The damage to the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract caused by this cytotoxic agent is debilitating and often leads to alterations in patients' regimens, hospitalisation or stoppage of treatment. The purpose of this review is to identify mechanisms of irinotecan-induced intestinal damage and a potential role for GLP-2 analogues for intervention. METHODS This is a review of current literature on irinotecan-induced mucositis and GLP-2 analogues mechanisms of action. RESULTS Recent studies have found alterations that appear to be crucial in the development of severe intestinal mucositis, including early apoptosis, alterations in proliferation and cell survival pathways, as well as induction of inflammatory cascades. Several studies have indicated a possible role for glucagon-like peptide-2 analogues in treating this toxicity, due to its proven intestinotrophic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in other models of gastrointestinal disease. CONCLUSION This review provides evidence as to why and how this treatment may improve mucositis through the possible molecular crosstalk that may be occurring in models of severe intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen J Mayo
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrea M Stringer
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma H Bateman
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy M Keefe
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Cell adhesion molecules are altered during irinotecan-induced mucositis: a qualitative histopathological study. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:391-398. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kensara OA, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Refaat B, Idris S, Ahmad J. Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2239-53. [PMID: 27468227 PMCID: PMC4946859 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and has a high mortality rate. Insensitivity and the limited therapeutic efficacy of its standard chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), represents an important challenge in CRC treatment. The robust antitumor properties of thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, have recently been demonstrated on different cancers. We investigated whether TQ could potentiate the chemopreventive effect of 5-FU to eradicate the early stages of CRC and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. An intermediate-term (15 weeks) model of colorectal tumorigenesis was induced in male Wistar rats by azoxymethane (AOM), and the animals were randomly and equally divided into five groups: control, AOM, AOM/5-FU, AOM/TQ, and AOM/5-FU/TQ. TQ (35 mg/kg/d; 3 d/wk) was given during the seventh and 15th weeks post-AOM injection, while 5-FU was given during the ninth and tenth weeks (12 mg/kg/d for 4 days; then 6 mg/kg every other day for another four doses). At week 15, the resected colons were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological, molecular, and immunohistochemical examinations. Interestingly, 5-FU/TQ combination therapy resulted in a more significant reduction on AOM-induced colorectal tumors and large aberrant crypts foci than treatment with the individual drugs. Mechanistically, 5-FU and TQ remarkably cooperated to repress the expression of procancerous Wnt, β-catenin, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, VEGF, and TBRAS and upregulate the expression of anti-tumorigenesis DKK-1, CDNK-1A, TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, Smad4, and GPx. Overall, our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Adnan Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Lieb V, Rink M, Sikic D, Keck B. [Side effect management of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in urology : Gastrointestinal side effects]. Urologe A 2016; 55:805-12. [PMID: 27146873 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-016-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For approximately one decade, tyrosinkinase inhibitors (TKIs, smart drugs) have dramatically changed and improved the treatment of patients suffering from metastasized renal cell carcinoma. However, the different drugs have substantial side effects. Especially gastrointestinal symptoms may be problematic for patients. These side effects represent a challenge for the physician. On the one hand, dosage modifications and treatment interruption should be avoided to minimize the risk for progression. On the other hand, only mild side effects are tolerable for the patient. Based on a literature review, a clear overview of the incidence of possible side effects for the drugs axitinib, cabozantinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and sunitinib is provided. Furthermore, we give a practical guide on how to prevent and treat the different gastrointestinal side effects. Finally, it is pointed out when dosage modifications or interruption of treatment are necessary and how to expeditiously re-escalate the treatment after mitigation of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lieb
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Rathsberger Str. 57, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - M Rink
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - D Sikic
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Rathsberger Str. 57, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - B Keck
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Rathsberger Str. 57, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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El-Shemi AG, Refaat B, Kensara OA, Mohamed AM, Idris S, Ahmad J. Paricalcitol Enhances the Chemopreventive Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil on an Intermediate-Term Model of Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Tumors in Rats. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:491-501. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park JA, Shin HY. Influence of genetic polymorphisms in the folate pathway on toxicity after high-dose methotrexate treatment in pediatric osteosarcoma. Blood Res 2016; 51:50-7. [PMID: 27104192 PMCID: PMC4828529 DOI: 10.5045/br.2016.51.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX), one of the main drugs used to treat osteosarcoma, is a representative folic acid antagonist. Polymorphisms of various enzymes involved in the metabolism of MTX could contribute to differences in response to MTX in pediatric osteosarcoma patients. METHODS Blood and tissue samples were obtained from 37 pediatric osteosarcoma patients who were treated with high-dose MTX therapy. The following 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed: ATIC 347C>G, MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C and SLC19A1 80G>A. Serial plasma MTX concentrations after high-dose MTX therapy and MTX-induced toxicities were evaluated. Correlations among polymorphisms, MTX concentrations and treatment-induced toxicities were assessed. RESULTS Plasma MTX levels at 48 hours after high-dose MTX infusion were significantly associated with SLC19A1 80G>A (P=0.031). Higher plasma levels of MTX at 48 and 72 hours were significantly associated with MTX-induced mucositis (P=0.007 and P=0.046) and renal toxicity (P=0.002), respectively. SNP of SLC19A1 gene was associated with development of severe mucositis (P=0.026). CONCLUSION This study suggests that plasma levels of MTX are associated with GI and renal toxicities after high-dose MTX therapy, and genetic polymorphisms that affect the metabolism of MTX may influence drug concentrations and development of significant side effects in pediatric patients treated with high-dose MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Young Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Paul B, Barnes S, Demark-Wahnefried W, Morrow C, Salvador C, Skibola C, Tollefsbol TO. Influences of diet and the gut microbiome on epigenetic modulation in cancer and other diseases. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:112. [PMID: 26478753 PMCID: PMC4609101 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation of gene activity occurs in response to non-genetic factors such as body weight status, physical activity, dietary factors, and environmental toxins. In addition, each of these factors is thought to affect and be affected by the gut microbiome. A primary mechanism that links these various factors together in mediating control of gene expression is the production of metabolites that serve as critical cofactors and allosteric regulators of epigenetic processes. Here, we review the involvement of the gut microbiota and its interactions with dietary factors, many of which have known cellular bioactivity, focusing on particular epigenetic processes affected and the influence they have on human health and disease, particularly cancer and response to treatment. Advances in DNA sequencing have expanded the capacity for studying the microbiome. Combining this with rapidly improving techniques to measure the metabolome provides opportunities to understand complex relationships that may underlie the development and progression of cancer as well as treatment-related sequelae. Given broad reaching and fundamental biology, both at the cellular and organismal levels, we propose that interactive research programs, which utilize a wide range of mutually informative experimental model systems—each one optimally suited for answering particular questions—provide the best path forward for breaking ground on new knowledge and ultimately understanding the epigenetic significance of the gut microbiome and its response to dietary factors in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 175 Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170 USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Carolina Salvador
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Christine Skibola
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 175 Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170 USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Mohamed AM, Idris S, Ahmad J, Khojah A. Vitamin D3 enhances the tumouricidal effects of 5-Fluorouracil through multipathway mechanisms in azoxymethane rat model of colon cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015. [PMID: 26205949 PMCID: PMC4513788 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 and its analogues have recently been shown to enhance the anti-tumour effects of 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) both in vitro and in xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. This study measured the potential mechanism(s) by which vitamin D3 could synergise the tumouricidal activities of 5-FU in azoxymethane (AOM) rat model of colon cancer. Methods Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into 5 groups: Control, AOM, AOM-treated by 5-FU (5-FU), AOM-treated by vitamin D3 (VitD3), and AOM-treated by 5-FU + vitamin D3 (5-FU/D). The study duration was 15 weeks. AOM was injected subcutaneously for 2 weeks (15 mg/kg/week). 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally in the 9th and 10th weeks post AOM (8 total injections were given: 12 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days, then 6 mg/kg every other day for another 4 doses) and oral vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day; 3 days/week) was given from week 7 post AOM till the last week of the study. The colons were collected following euthanasia for gross and histopathological examination. The expression of β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type 2 receptor (TGF-βR2), smad4, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) proteins was measured by immunohistochemistry. In colonic tissue homogenates, quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of Wnt, β-catenin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes, while ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of TGF-β1, HSP-90 and COX-2 proteins. Results Monotherapy with 5-FU or vitamin D3 significantly decreased the number of grown tumours induced by AOM (P < 0.05); however, their combination resulted in more significant tumouricidal effects (P < 0.05) compared with monotherapy groups. Mechanistically, vitamin D3/5-FU co-therapy significantly decreased the expression of Wnt, β-catenin, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90 and significantly increased the expression of DKK-1, TGF-β1, TGF-βR2, smad4 (P < 0.05), in comparison with their corresponding monotherapy groups. Conclusions Vitamin D3 and 5-FU synergise together and exhibit better anticancer effects by modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, TGF-β1 signals, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of vitamin D supplementation during the treatment of colon cancer with 5-FU in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Athar Khojah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Bateman E, Weaver E, Klein G, Wignall A, Wozniak B, Plews E, Mayo B, White I, Keefe D. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate in the alleviation of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Support Care Cancer 2015; 24:377-385. [PMID: 26081596 PMCID: PMC4669373 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis caused by chemotherapy is associated with diarrhoea and intestinal barrier disruption caused by apoptosis, immune dysfunction and microbiome alterations. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) has been shown to manage HIV-associated enteropathy and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D). We investigated in a rat model whether SBI was effective in alleviating symptoms of irinotecan-induced GI mucositis. METHODS Animals were gavaged with 250 or 500 mg/kg of SBI twice daily for 4 days, before intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg irinotecan. Twice daily gavaging of SBI continued for 6 days post-irinotecan. Animals were monitored for bodyweight changes and incidence of diarrhoea and clinical symptoms of stress. Tissues and blood samples were collected at necropsy 6 h, and 2, 4 and 6 days post-irinotecan. H&E-stained colon and jejunum were analysed for histological damage. RESULTS The overall incidence, severity and duration of diarrhoea, and clinical symptoms of mucositis were decreased in irinotecan-treated animals that had received SBI. Animals receiving 500 mg/kg SBI also tended to lose less bodyweight than animals treated only with irinotecan (P > 0.10). SBI-gavaged animals had less pronounced irinotecan-induced changes in neutrophil (P = 0.04959) and lymphocyte (P = 0.0035) levels, and lower tissue damage scores than those receiving irinotecan alone (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Twice daily oral gavage of SBI was well-tolerated and reduced the incidence, severity and duration of irinotecan-induced mucositis. SBI was associated with less pronounced changes in inflammatory cell levels and tissue damage to colon and jejunum. Ongoing experiments aim to investigate the mechanisms of SBI-associated gastrointestinal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bateman
- Mucositis Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4 Hanson Institute Building, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | | | | | - Anthony Wignall
- Mucositis Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4 Hanson Institute Building, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Belinda Wozniak
- Mucositis Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4 Hanson Institute Building, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Erin Plews
- Mucositis Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4 Hanson Institute Building, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Bronwen Mayo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Imogen White
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dorothy Keefe
- Mucositis Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 4 Hanson Institute Building, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,SA Cancer Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Antibiotic use before chemotherapy: a risk factor for developing neutropenic colitis in children with leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015; 37:121-7. [PMID: 25089604 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that the use of antimicrobials is a determinant that favors intestinal dysbiosis. The objective of this study is to establish the association between the previous use of antimicrobials and the development of neutropenic colitis (NC). METHODS A case-control study was carried out with subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 2004 to July 2013. They were identified by cross-referencing the databases from the computing area and the records from the pediatric hematology section. Cases were children with neutropenia and fever, abdominal distension and pain, diarrhea or constipation, and ultrasonography or computed tomography showing an intestinal wall thickness of ≥4 mm. Controls were children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with neutropenia and fever, with or without gastrointestinal symptomatology, but without images of NC. RESULTS Thirty-eight cases and 75 controls were included. The factors associated with the development of NC were severe neutropenia (odds ratio [OR], 12.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3-51; P=0.00001), the use of antimicrobials for >10 days, within the month previous to the appearance of NC (OR, 12.4; 95% CI, 3-51; P=0.00001), and use of doxorubicin (OR, 5.43, 95% CI, 2.1-13.8, P=0.00004). In particular, the risk of developing CN was 3.46 (95% CI, 0.88-14; P=0.04) when ceftriaxone was used. CONCLUSIONS The use of antimicrobials during >10 days before the administration of chemotherapy is a risk factor for developing NC, along with other factors previously studied.
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Matrix metalloproteinases and gut toxicity following cytotoxic cancer therapy. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015; 8:164-9. [PMID: 24752198 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chemotherapy is an effective anticancer treatment; however, it induces mucositis in a wide range of patients. This condition is characterized by pain and ulceration, vomiting, bloating and diarrhea, depending on the area of the alimentary tract affected. Although treatment is available for a small subset of patients suffering from mucositis, the majority rely on pain relief as their only treatment option. Much progress has been made in recent years into understanding the pathobiology underlying the development of mucositis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated as being key mediators. The purpose of this review was to evaluate recent literature implicating MMPs in mucositis. RECENT FINDINGS MMPs are well known for their roles in induction of inflammation and contribution to tissue injury. Recent literature provides a role for MMPs in mucositis development possibly through inflammatory pathways, alterations in extracellular matrix composition, adhesion molecules and tight junctions. SUMMARY Better understanding of the precise roles of MMPs is now required in order to target appropriate treatment strategies.
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