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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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Gunes Y, Okyar A, Krajcsi P, Fekete Z, Ustuner O. Modulation of monepantel secretion into milk by soy isoflavones. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 46:185-194. [PMID: 36448496 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Monepantel (MNP), a novel anthelmintic drug from amino-acetonitrile derivatives, is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). BCRP-mediated milk secretion of drugs can be altered by isoflavones. In this study, we aimed to show how soy isoflavones and BCRP inhibitors genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) can modulate the secretion of MNP into milk. Moreover, we observed that the expression of BCRP in the lactating mammary gland of sheep was significantly higher than in non-lactating sheep using Western blot analysis. These properties of MNP and MNPSO2 (monepantel sulfone, the major active metabolite of MNP), identified as a BCRP substrate in determining the interaction with BCRP, were examined by vesicular transport (VT) inhibition assays. In pharmacokinetic studies, we demonstrated the transport of MNP into milk in three experimental groups: G1 fed standard forage; G2 fed soy-enriched forage; G3 fed standard forage paired with orally administered exogenous GEN and DAI. The concentrations of MNP and MNPSO2 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to the control group (3.27 ± 1.13 vs. 5.46 ± 2.23), the AUC (0-840 h) milk/plasma ratio decreased by 40% in the soy-enriched diet group. The concentrations of GEN and DAI were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in soy. A VT inhibition assay was conducted to determine the IC50 values for MNP and MNPSO2 as BCRP inhibitors. This study showed that milk excretion of a BCRP substrate, such as monepantel, can be diminished by the presence of isoflavones in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Gunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Peter Krajcsi
- Solvo Biotechnology, A Charles River Company, Faculty of Health Sciences Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Oya Ustuner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
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Metabolism and interactions of Ivermectin with human cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug transporters, possible adverse and toxic effects. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1535-1546. [PMID: 33719007 PMCID: PMC7956433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The review presents metabolic properties of Ivermectin (IVM) as substrate and inhibitor of human P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes and drug transporters. IVM is metabolized, both in vivo and in vitro, by C-hydroxylation and O-demethylation reactions catalyzed by P450 3A4 as the major enzyme, with a contribution of P450 3A5 and 2C9. In samples from both in vitro and in vivo metabolism, a number of metabolites were detected and as major identified metabolites were 3″-O-demethylated, C4-methyl hydroxylated, C25 isobutyl-/isopropyl-hydroxylated, and products of oxidation reactions. Ivermectin inhibited P450 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and CYP3A4 with IC50 values ranging from 5.3 μM to no inhibition suggesting that it is no or weak inhibitor of the enzymes. It is suggested that P-gp (MDR1) transporter participate in IVM efflux at low drug concentration with a slow transport rate. At the higher, micromolar concentration range, which saturates MDR1 (P-gp), MRP1, and to a lesser extent, MRP2 and MRP3 participate in IVM transport across physiological barriers. IVM exerts a potent inhibition of P-gp (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1), MRP2 (ABCC2), and BCRP1 (ABCG2), and medium to weak inhibition of OATP1B1 (SLC21A6) and OATP1B3 (SLCOB3) transport activity. The metabolic and transport properties of IVM indicate that when IVM is co-administered with other drugs/chemicals that are potent inhibitors/inducers P4503A4 enzyme and of MDR1 (P-gp), BCRP or MRP transporters, or when polymorphisms of the drug transporters and P450 3A4 exist, drug–drug or drug–toxic chemical interactions might result in suboptimal response to the therapy or to toxic effects.
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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The Sex-Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071637. [PMID: 31319627 PMCID: PMC6682902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical research with high scientific rigor. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.
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Ye Q, Liu K, Shen Q, Li Q, Hao J, Han F, Jiang RW. Reversal of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer by Multi-Functional Flavonoids. Front Oncol 2019; 9:487. [PMID: 31245292 PMCID: PMC6581719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. To circumvent MDR many reversal agents have been developed, but most of them fail in clinical trials due to severely adverse effects. Recently, certain natural products have been reported to overcome MDR, including flavonoids which are abundant in plants, foods, and herbs. The structure of flavonoids can be abbreviated as C6-C3-C6 (C for carbon), and further categorized into flavonoids, iso-flavonoids and neo-flavonoids, according to their structural backbones. Flavonoids possess multiple bioactivities, and a growing body of research has indicated that both flavonoids and iso-flavonoids can either kill or re-sensitize conventional chemotherapeutics to resistant cancer cells. Here, we summarize the research and discuss the underlying mechanisms, concluding that these flavonoids do not function as specific regulators of target proteins, but rather as multi-functional agents that negatively regulate the key factors contributing to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Liu
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qun Shen
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | | | - Jinghui Hao
- Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | | | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Sun R, Zhang Q, Luo Q, Zeng S, Li X, Gong X, Li Y, Lu L, Hu M, Liu Z. An update on polyphenol disposition via coupled metabolic pathways. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:151-165. [PMID: 30583703 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1559815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyphenols, which are widely distributed in plants and the human diets, are known to have numerous biological activities. However, the low bioavailability of polyphenols is mediated by coupled metabolic pathways. Areas covered: The key role of the interplay between drug metabolic enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters (ETs), nuclear receptors (NRs), and intestinal microflora in the disposition of polyphenols is summarized. Expert opinion: ETs are shown to act as a 'revolving door', facilitating and/or controlling cellular polyphenol glucuronide/sulfate excretion. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the glucuronidation/sulfation-transport interplay and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of glucuronide/sulfate efflux by an ET is important. Some new physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models could be developed to predict the interplay between glucuronides/sulfates and ETs. Additionally, the combined actions of uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, ETs, and intestinal microflora/enterocyte-derived β-glucuronidase enable triple recycling (local, enteric, and enterohepatic recycling), thereby increasing the residence time of polyphenols and their glucuronides in the local intestine and liver. Further studies are necessary to explore these recycling mechanisms and interactions between polyphenols and the intestinal microbiota. Since NRs govern the inducible expression of target genes that encode DMEs and ETs. Determination of the regulation mechanism mediated by NRs using transgenic and knockout animals is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Rongjin Sun
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Qing Luo
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Sijing Zeng
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Xia Gong
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Linlin Lu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Hu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.,c Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , SAR , China
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Navrátilová L, Applová L, Horký P, Mladěnka P, Pávek P, Trejtnar F. Interaction of soy isoflavones and their main metabolites with hOATP2B1 transporter. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:1063-1071. [PMID: 29934673 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are responsible for the drug transmembrane transport within the human body. The function of OATP2B1 transporter can be inhibited by various natural compounds. Despite increased research interest in soya as a part of human diet, the effect of its active components to interact with hOATP2B1 has not been elucidated in a complex extent. This in vitro study examined the inhibitory effect of main soy isoflavones (daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein, glycitin, glycitein, biochanin A, formononetin) and their metabolites formed in vivo (S-equol, O-desmethylangolensin) towards human OATP2B1 transporter. MDCKII cells overexpressing hOATP2B1 were employed to determine quantitative inhibitory parameters of the tested compounds and to analyze mechanism/s of the inhibitory interaction. The study showed that aglycones of soy isoflavones and the main biologically active metabolite S-equol were able to significantly inhibit hOATP2B1-mediated transport. The Ki values for most of aglycones range from 1 to 20 μM. In contrast, glucosides did not exhibit significant inhibitory effect. The kinetic analysis did not indicate a uniform type of inhibition towards the hOATP2B1 although predominant mechanism of inhibition seemed to be competitive. These findings may suggest that tested soy isoflavones and their metabolites might affect transport of xenobiotics including drugs across tissue barriers via hOATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Navrátilová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Structure-Based Classification and Anti-Cancer Effects of Plant Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092651. [PMID: 30200668 PMCID: PMC6163735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of malignant cancers affect the global human population. Although a wide variety of approaches to cancer treatment have been studied and used clinically (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy), the toxic side effects of cancer therapies have a negative impact on patients and impede progress in conquering cancer. Plant metabolites are emerging as new leads for anti-cancer drug development. This review summarizes these plant metabolites with regard to their structures and the types of cancer against which they show activity, organized by the organ or tissues in which each cancer forms. This information will be helpful for understanding the current state of knowledge of the anti-cancer effects of various plant metabolites against major types of cancer for the further development of novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Rigalli JP, Scholz PN, Tocchetti GN, Ruiz ML, Weiss J. The phytoestrogens daidzein and equol inhibit the drug transporter BCRP/ABCG2 in breast cancer cells: potential chemosensitizing effect. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:139-150. [PMID: 29101532 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The soy isoflavone genistein has been described to up-regulate breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and, thus, enhance chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of long- and short-term incubation with daidzein, the second most abundant soy isoflavone and its metabolite equol on the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and MRP2) and BCRP in breast cancer cells. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with phytoestrogen concentrations within the range achieved in individuals with a high isoflavone intake. Transporter expression was evaluated at protein and mRNA level through western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Transporter activity was determined using doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and carboxy-dichlorofluorescein as substrates. RESULTS Daidzein (5 µM) up-regulated MRP2- and down-regulated MRP1 protein expressions in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Both effects were ER-dependent, as determined using the antagonist ICI 182,780. The decrease in MRP1 mRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells indicates a transcriptional mechanism. On the contrary, MRP2 induction in MCF-7 cells takes place post-transcriptionally. Whereas changes in the transporter expression had a minor effect on the transporter activity, acute incubation with daidzein, R-equol and S-equol led to a strong inhibition of BCRP activity and an increase in the IC50 of BCRP substrates. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous reports for genistein, daidzein and equol do not provoke a major up-regulation of the transporter expression but instead an inhibition of BCRP activity and sensitization to BCRP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paul Niklas Scholz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Al-Enazy S, Ali S, Albekairi N, El-Tawil M, Rytting E. Placental control of drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116:63-72. [PMID: 27527665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The placenta serves as the interface between the maternal and fetal circulations and regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. When exogenous substances are present in the maternal bloodstream-whether from environmental contact, occupational exposure, medication, or drug abuse-the extent to which this exposure affects the fetus is determined by transport and biotransformation processes in the placental barrier. Advances in drug delivery strategies are expected to improve the treatment of maternal and fetal diseases encountered during pregnancy.
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Liu L, Zhou L, Hu S, Zhou S, Deng Y, Dong M, Huang J, Zeng Y, Chen X, Zhao N, Li H, Ding Z. Down-regulation of ABCG2 and ABCB4 transporters in the placenta of rats exposed to cadmium. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38154-38163. [PMID: 27203216 PMCID: PMC5122379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a maternal and developmental toxicant, cadmium (Cd) possesses weak penetrability through the placental barrier. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To gain insight into the protein molecules associated with Cd toxicity in placenta and explore their roles in Cd transportation, a reproductive animal experiment was carried out using Sprague-Dawley rats. We performed proteomic analysis of the placenta by Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). The DIGE assay identified 15 protein spots that were differentially expressed with a greater than 1.5-fold change in placenta of Cd-treated rats compared to the control rats. Based on the expression patterns and biological functions of the proteins, we selected the ABCG2 and ABCB4 transporter proteins for further analysis. Western blot analysis showed that Cd exposure could down-regulate the expression of ABCG2 and ABCB4 in the placenta. There was a negative dose-response relationship between Cd exposure and the expression of ABCG2 or ABCB4 protein. These results indicated that down-regulation of ABCG2 and ABCB4 transporters may regulate Cd across through placenta and thus affect the in vivo toxic effect of Cd to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuiwang Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyu Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Deng
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pathway Analysis Revealed Potential Diverse Health Impacts of Flavonoids that Bind Estrogen Receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:373. [PMID: 27023590 PMCID: PMC4847035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are frequently used as dietary supplements in the absence of research evidence regarding health benefits or toxicity. Furthermore, ingested doses could far exceed those received from diet in the course of normal living. Some flavonoids exhibit binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) with consequential vigilance by regulatory authorities at the U.S. EPA and FDA. Regulatory authorities must consider both beneficial claims and potential adverse effects, warranting the increases in research that has spanned almost two decades. Here, we report pathway enrichment of 14 targets from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and the Herbal Ingredients’ Targets (HIT) database for 22 flavonoids that bind ERs. The selected flavonoids are confirmed ER binders from our earlier studies, and were here found in mainly involved in three types of biological processes, ER regulation, estrogen metabolism and synthesis, and apoptosis. Besides cancers, we conjecture that the flavonoids may affect several diseases via apoptosis pathways. Diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, viral myocarditis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease could be implicated. More generally, apoptosis processes may be importantly evolved biological functions of flavonoids that bind ERs and high dose ingestion of those flavonoids could adversely disrupt the cellular apoptosis process.
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