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Elbadawi M, Efferth T. In Vivo and Clinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38797749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite more than 200 approved anticancer agents, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to disease complexity, tumour heterogeneity, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Accordingly, the development of chemotherapeutic agents with higher efficacy, a better safety profile, and the capability of bypassing drug resistance would be a cornerstone in cancer therapy. Natural products have played a pivotal role in the field of drug discovery, especially for the pharmacotherapy of cancer, infectious, and chronic diseases. Owing to their distinctive structures and multiple mechanistic activities, natural products and their derivatives have been utilized for decades in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we delve into the potential of natural products as anticancer agents by targeting cancer's hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signalling, evading growth suppression, resisting apoptosis and cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of some natural products, in vivo studies, and promising clinical trials. This review emphasizes the significance of natural products in fighting cancer and the need for further studies to uncover their fully therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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AbouAitah K, Hassan HA, Ammar NM, Abou Baker DH, Higazy IM, Shaker OG, Elsayed AAA, Hassan AME. Novel delivery system with a dual–trigger release of savory essential oil by mesoporous silica nanospheres and its possible targets in leukemia cancer cells: in vitro study. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Essential oils (EOs) are complex structures and possess several pharmacological effects. Nanomedicine offers a solution for their major limitations, including poor solubility, volatility, and non–controlled release, preventing their clinical use.
Methods
Here, we developed a novel delivery system by nanoformulations that were prepared by impregnating savory essential oil (SA) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The nanoformulations were characterized and examined for their anticancer activities on cancer cells (HepG2 liver and HL60 leukemia cells) and MRC5 normal cells. We further tested the mechanisms of action and possible molecular targets against HL60 cells.
Results
The results demonstrated that SA was governed by nanoformulations under the dual–trigger release of pH/glutathione, and it typically fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The nanoformulations enhanced the anticancer effect against HepG2 cells and HL60 cells compared to SA but were less cytotoxic to MRC5 normal cells and regulated various molecular pathways of apoptosis. Most importantly, new results were obtained on the genetic regulation principle through the high inhibition of long noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, HULC, CCAT1, and H19) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP–2 and MMP–9), providing a novel leukemia target.
Conclusions
These results suggest potential impacts for nanoformulations composed of SA with a sustained release pattern controlled by dual–trigger release of pH/GSH that enhanced anticancer cells. This approach may offer a new route for using EOs as new targets for cancers and open the door for deep preclinical investigations.
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Heydari SR, Ghahremani MH, Atyabi F, Bafkary R, Jaafari MR, Dinarvand R. Aptamer-modified chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for co-delivery of cytarabine and daunorubicin in leukemia. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123495. [PMID: 37806507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared for the targeted delivery of the anticancer agents, daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (CTR), against K562 leukemia cancer cell lines. The MSNs were surface-modified with pH-sensitive chitosan (CS) to prevent the burst release of anticancer agents at the physiological pH of 7.4 and to enable a higher drug release at lower pH and higher concentration of glutathione. Finally, the MSNs were surface modified with KK1B10 aptamer (Apt) to enhance their uptake by K562 cells through ligand-receptor interactions. The MSNs were characterized using different methods and both in vitro and in vivo experiments were utilized to demonstrate their suitability as targeted anticancer agents. The resultant MSNs exhibited an average particle size of 295 nm, a surface area of 39.06 m2/g, and a cumulative pore volume of 0.09 cm3/g. Surface modification of MSNs with chitosan (CS) resulted in a more regulated and acceptable continuous release rate of DNR. The drug release rate was significantly higher at pH 5 media enriched with glutathione, compared to pH 7.4. Furthermore, MSNs coated with CS and conjugated with aptamer (MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt) exhibited a lower IC50 value of 2.34 µg/ml, compared to MSNs without aptamer conjugation, which displayed an IC50 value of 12.27 µg/ml. The results of the cell cycle analysis indicated that the administration of MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt led to a significant increase in the population of apoptotic cells in the sub-G1 phase. Additionally, the treatment arrested the remaining cells in various other phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the interactions between Apt-receptors were found to enhance the uptake of MSNs by cancer cells. The results of in vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt led to a significant reduction in the expression levels of CD71 and CD235a markers, as compared to MSN-DNR + CTR@CS (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the surface modified MSNs prepared in this study showed lower IC50 against cancer cell lines and higher anticancer activity in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bafkary
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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Luo L, Sun X, Yang Y, Xia L, Wang S, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Xu S, Zhu W. A Novel Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, XIN-10, for the Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14821. [PMID: 37834269 PMCID: PMC10573424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signaling in humans often leads to cancer. Therefore, the investigation of anti-cancer medications that inhibit PI3K and mTOR has emerged as a significant area of research. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of XIN-10, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, on the growth as well as antiproliferation of tumor cells and to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism of XIN-10 by further exploration. We screened three cell lines for more in-depth exploration by MTT experiments. From the AO staining, cell cycle and apoptosis, we found that XIN-10 had a more obvious inhibitory effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and used this as a selection for more in-depth experiments. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that XIN-10 has superior antiproliferative activity compared with the positive drug GDC-0941. Meanwhile, through the results of protein blotting and PCR experiments, we concluded that XIN-10 can block the activation of the downstream pathway of mTOR by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT(S473) as well as having significant inhibitory effects on the gene exons of PI3K and mTOR. These results indicate that XIN-10 is a highly potent inhibitor with low toxicity and has a strong potential to be developed as a novel PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitor candidate for the treatment of positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (L.X.); (S.W.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (L.X.); (S.W.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
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Marynowicz W, Borski N, Flis Z, Ptak A, Molik E. Orotic acid induces apoptotic death in ovarian adult granulosa tumour cells and increases mitochondrial activity in normal ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100790. [PMID: 37478515 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Orotic acid (OA) is a natural product that acts as a precursor in the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. Most studies concerning administration of OA focus on its therapeutic effects; however, its effect on tumours is unclear. We aimed to determine whether treatment with OA influences the viability and apoptosis of normal (HGrC1) and tumour-derived (KGN) human ovarian granulosa cells. The effects of OA (10-250 μM) on viability and apoptosis of both cell lines were determined by using alamarBlue and assessing caspase-3/7 activity, respectively. Annexin V binding and loss of membrane integrity were evaluated in KGN cells. The cell cycle and proliferation of HGrC1 cells were assessed by performing flow cytometric and DNA content analyses, respectively. The influence of OA (10 and 100 μM) on cell cycle- and apoptosis-related gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR in both cell lines. Mitochondrial activity was analysed by JC-1 staining in HGrC1 cells. In KGN cells, OA reduced viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity, but did not affect mRNA expression of Caspase 3, BAX, and BCL2. OA enhanced proliferation and mitochondrial activity in HGrC1 cells without activating apoptosis. This study demonstrates that the anti-cancer properties of OA in ovarian granulosa tumour cells are not related to changes in apoptosis-associated gene expression, but to increased caspase-3/7 activity. Thus, OA is a promising therapeutic agent for ovarian granulosa tumours. Further, our results suggest that differences in basal expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes between the two cell lines are responsible for their different responses to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Marynowicz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Norbert Borski
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Flis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ptak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
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Bozgeyik E, Bozgeyik I. Unveiling the therapeutic potential of natural-based anticancer compounds inducing non-canonical cell death mechanisms. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154693. [PMID: 37516001 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In the Mid-19th century, Rudolf Virchow considered necrosis to be a prominent form of cell death; since then, pathologists have recognized necrosis as both a cause and a consequence of disease. About a century later, the mechanism of apoptosis, another form of cell death, was discovered, and we now know that this process is regulated by several molecular mechanisms that "programme" the cell to die. However, discoveries on cell death mechanisms are not limited to these, and recent studies have allowed the identification of novel cell death pathways that can be molecularly distinguished from necrotic and apoptotic cell death mechanisms. Moreover, the main goal of current cancer therapy is to discover and develop drugs that target apoptosis. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents targeting apoptosis is mainly responsible for the failure of clinical therapy and adverse side effects of the chemotherapeutic agents currently in use pose a major threat to the well-being and lives of patients. Therefore, the development of natural-based anticancer drugs with low cellular and organismal side effects is of great interest. In this comprehensive review, we thoroughly examine and discuss natural anticancer compounds that specifically target non-canonical cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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Liu X, Wang S, Zheng H, Liu Q, Shen T, Wang X, Ren D. Epimedokoreanin C, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum, induces non-apoptotic cell death with the characteristics of methuosis in lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3496-3514. [PMID: 34354857 PMCID: PMC8332866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methuosis is a novel type of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Identification of molecules that induce methuosis may provide alternative therapeutics for cancers that are refractory to apoptosis. Epimedokoreanin C (EKC) is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from a Chinese herb Epimedium koreanum. In this article, we described that EKC reduced cell viability accompanied by extreme vacuolation in human lung cancer cells. The EKC-induced cell death was clarified as non-apoptosis based on the absence of apoptotic changes. The vacuoles stimulated by EKC were supposed to be derived from macropinocytosis based on the engulfment of extracellular fluid tracer, Lucifer Yellow. The vacuoles acquired some characteristics of late endosomes supported that EKC-induced cell death could be described as methuosis. Rac1 and Arf6 were found to be regulated inversely after EKC treatment. Blocking Rac1 activation with the specific Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864 prevented the accumulation of vacuoles induced by EKC markedly, suggested that the regulation of Rac1 and Arf6 was at least partial mechanism involved in EKC induced methuosis. EKC synergized the effects of doxorubicin and etoposide, demonstrating the effectiveness of using EKC to synergize conventional chemotherapy. Collectively, EKC was demonstrated as a methuosis-like cell death inducer in lung cancer NCI-H292 and A549 cells. It has the potential to be used as an attractive prototype for developing drugs that could kill apoptosis-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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Erkisa M, Sariman M, Geyik OG, Geyik CG, Stanojkovic T, Ulukay E. Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Target Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:741-783. [PMID: 34182899 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210628131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still a deadly disease, and its treatment desperately needs to be managed in a very sophisticated way through fast-developing novel strategies. Most of the cancer cases eventually develop into recurrencies, for which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible. They are considered as a subpopulation of all cancer cells of tumor tissue with aberrant regulation of self-renewal, unbalanced proliferation, and cell death properties. Moreover, CSCs show a serious degree of resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and immune surveillance as well. Therefore, new classes of drugs are rushing into the market each year, which makes the cost of therapy increase dramatically. Natural products are also becoming a new research area as a diverse chemical library to suppress CSCs. Some of the products even show promise in this regard. So, the near future could witness the introduction of natural products as a source of new chemotherapy modalities, which may result in the development of novel anticancer drugs. They could also be a reasonably-priced alternative to highly expensive current treatments. Nowadays, considering the effects of natural compounds on targeting surface markers, signaling pathways, apoptosis, and escape from immunosurveillance have been a highly intriguing area in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we present scientific advances regarding their potential use in the inhibition of CSCs and the mechanisms by which they kill the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erkisa
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Sariman
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oyku Gonul Geyik
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Geyik Geyik
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tatjana Stanojkovic
- Experimental Oncology Deparment, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Pasterova 14. Serbia
| | - Engin Ulukay
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dai CH, Zhu LR, Wang Y, Tang XP, Du YJ, Chen YC, Li J. Celastrol acts synergistically with afatinib to suppress non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by inducing paraptosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4538-4554. [PMID: 33230821 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is intrinsic resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as afatinib. Celastrol, a natural compound with antitumor activity, was reported to induce paraptosis in cancer cells. In this study, intrinsic EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines H23 (EGFR wild-type and KRAS mutation) and H292 (EGFR wild-type and overexpression) were used to test whether celastrol could overcome primary afatinib resistance through paraptosis induction. The synergistic effect of celastrol and afatinib on survival inhibition of the NSCLC cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and isobologram analysis. The paraptosis and its modulation were assessed by light and electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. Xenografts models were established to investigate the inhibitory effect of celastrol plus afatinib on the growth of the NSCLC tumors in vivo. Results showed that celastrol acted synergistically with afatinib to suppress the survival of H23 and H292 cells by inducing paraptosis characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. This process was independent of apoptosis and not associated with autophagy induction. Afatinib plus celastrol-induced cytoplasmic vacuolation was preceded by endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. Accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload may be initiating factors of celastrol/afatinib-induced paraptosis and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, Celastrol and afatinib synergistically suppressed the growth of H23 cell xenograft tumors in vivo. The data indicate that a combination of afatinib and celastrol may be a promising therapeutic strategy to surmount intrinsic afatinib resistance in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hau Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center of Medical Experiment, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xing-Ping Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong-Jie Du
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Chatupheeraphat C, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Deesrisak K, Krobthong S, Anurathapan U, Tanyong D. A Novel Peptide Derived from Ginger Induces Apoptosis through the Modulation of p53, BAX, and BCL2 Expression in Leukemic Cell Lines. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:560-569. [PMID: 33757145 DOI: 10.1055/a-1408-5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of chemotherapy, the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are considered a limitation of leukemia treatment. Therefore, a chemotherapy drug with minimal side effects is currently needed. One interesting molecule for this purpose is a bioactive peptide isolated from plants since it has less toxicity to normal cells. In this study, we extracted protein from the Zingiber officinale rhizome and performed purification to acquire the peptide fraction with the highest cytotoxicity using ultrafiltration, reverse-phase chromatography, and off-gel fractionation to get the peptide fraction that contained the highest cytotoxicity. Finally, a novel antileukemic peptide, P2 (sequence: RALGWSCL), was identified from the highest cytotoxicity fraction. The P2 peptide reduced the cell viability of NB4, MOLT4, and Raji cell lines without an effect on the normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The combination of P2 and daunorubicin significantly decreased leukemic cell viability when compared to treatment with either P2 or daunorubicin alone. In addition, leukemic cells treated with P2 demonstrated increased apoptosis and upregulation of caspase 3, 8, and 9 gene expression. Moreover, we also examined the effects of P2 on p53, which is the key regulator of apoptosis. Our results showed that treatment of leukemic cells with P2 led to the upregulation of p53 and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating that p53 is involved in apoptosis induction by P2. The results of this study are anticipated to be useful for the development of P2 as an alternative drug for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Chatupheeraphat
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kamolchanok Deesrisak
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Xie S, Fan W, Yang C, Lei W, Pan H, Tong X, Wu Y, Wang S. Beclin1‑armed oncolytic Vaccinia virus enhances the therapeutic efficacy of R‑CHOP against lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:987-996. [PMID: 33469679 PMCID: PMC7860022 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a form of lymphoid malignancy, with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most common NHL isoform. Approximately half of patients with DLBCL are successfully cured via first-line Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Vindesine, Prednisolone (R-CHOP) treatment. However, 30–40% of patients with DLBCL ultimately suffer from treatment-refractory or relapsed disease. These patients often suffer from high mortality rates owing to a lack of suitable therapeutic options, and all patients are at a high risk of serious treatment-associated dose-dependent toxicity. As such, it is essential to develop novel treatments for NHL that are less toxic and more efficacious. Oncolytic Vaccinia virus (OVV) has shown promise as a means of treating numerous types of cancer. Gene therapy strategies further enhance OVV-based therapy by improving tumor cell recognition and immune evasion. Beclin1 is an autophagy-associated gene that, when upregulated, induces excess autophagy and cell death. The present study aimed to develop an OVV-Beclin1 therapy capable of inducing autophagic tumor cell death. OVV-Beclin1 was able to efficiently kill NHL cells and to increase the sensitivity of these cells to R-CHOP, thereby decreasing the dose-dependent toxic side effects associated with this chemotherapeutic regimen. The combination of OVV-Beclin1 and R-CHOP also significantly improved tumor growth inhibition and survival in a BALB/c murine model system owing to the synergistic induction of autophagic cell death. Together, these findings suggest that OVV-Beclin1 infection can induce significant autophagic cell death in NHL, highlighting this as a novel means of inducing tumor cell death via a mechanism that is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Natural Products as Inducers of Non-Canonical Cell Death: A Weapon against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020304. [PMID: 33467668 PMCID: PMC7830727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anticancer therapeutic approaches based solely on apoptosis induction are often unsuccessful due to the activation of resistance mechanisms. The identification and characterization of compounds capable of triggering non-apoptotic, also called non-canonical cell death pathways, could represent an important strategy that may integrate or offer alternative approaches to the current anticancer therapies. In this review, we critically discuss the promotion of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis by natural compounds as a new anticancer strategy. Abstract Apoptosis has been considered the main mechanism induced by cancer chemotherapeutic drugs for a long time. This paradigm is currently evolving and changing, as increasing evidence pointed out that antitumor agents could trigger various non-canonical or non-apoptotic cell death types. A considerable number of antitumor drugs derive from natural sources, both in their naturally occurring form or as synthetic derivatives. Therefore, it is not surprising that several natural compounds have been explored for their ability to induce non-canonical cell death. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential antitumor effects of natural products as ferroptosis, necroptosis, or pyroptosis inducers. Natural products have proven to be promising non-canonical cell death inducers, capable of overcoming cancer cells resistance to apoptosis. However, as discussed in this review, they often lack a full characterization of their antitumor activity together with an in-depth investigation of their toxicological profile.
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Bouhtit F, Najar M, Moussa Agha D, Melki R, Najimi M, Sadki K, Boukhatem N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Hamal A, Lagneaux L, Lewalle P, Merimi M. New Anti-Leukemic Effect of Carvacrol and Thymol Combination through Synergistic Induction of Different Cell Death Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020410. [PMID: 33466806 PMCID: PMC7829697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid lineage of blood cells, and treatment for AML is lengthy and can be very expensive. Medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules are potential candidates for improving human health. In this work, we studied the effect of Ptychotis verticillata (PV) essential oil and its derivatives, carvacrol and thymol, in AML cell lines. We demonstrated that a combination of carvacrol and thymol induced tumor cell death with low toxicity on normal cells. Mechanistically, we highlighted that different molecular pathways, including apoptosis, oxidative, reticular stress, autophagy, and necrosis, are implicated in this potential synergistic effect. Using quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and apoptosis inhibitors, we showed that cell death induced by the carvacrol and thymol combination is caspase-dependent in the HL60 cell line and caspase-independent in the other cell lines tested. Further investigations should focus on improving the manufacturing of these compounds and understanding their anti-tumoral mechanisms of action. These efforts will lead to an increase in the efficiency of the oncotherapy strategy regarding AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bouhtit
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Douâa Moussa Agha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Rahma Melki
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Khalid Sadki
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Agdal-Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Noureddine Boukhatem
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Abdellah Hamal
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (F.B.); (D.M.A.); (D.B.); (N.M.); (P.L.)
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.N.); (R.M.); (N.B.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Hseu YC, Chiang YC, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Lin KY, Huang ST, Shrestha S, Chang GR, Yang HL. The In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Properties of Chalcone Flavokawain B through Induction of ROS-Mediated Apoptotic and Autophagic Cell Death in Human Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102936. [PMID: 33053749 PMCID: PMC7600613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most prevalent type of skin cancer with high mortality rates. This study demonstrates the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of chalcone flavokawain B (FKB) induced ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma (human epithelial melanoma cell line A375 and/or human skin lymph node derived melanoma cell line A2058) cells. Cell viability was calculated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the expression patterns of various apoptosis, autophagy-associated proteins were determined by Western blot methods. Annexin V was detected by flow cytometry, whereas acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and intracellular ROS levels were measured by fluorescence microscopy. The in vivo anticancer properties of FKB were evaluated by xenografting the A375 cells into nude mice. The results convey that FKB inhibited cell viability, B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression in human melanoma cells. Caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage pathway, and Bcl2 associated X (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) dysregulation were involved in the execution of apoptosis. Moreover, FKB-induced autophagy was observed through increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3-II) accumulation and AVOs formation, which was also associated with an increase in sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), decreased protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expressions, and dysregulated Beclin-1/Bcl-2 levels. Autophagy inhibitors [3-methyladenine (3-MA)/chloroquine (CQ)] and LC3 silencing suppressed FKB-induced apoptosis by decreasing caspase-3 in melanoma cells. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) diminished FKB-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. However, the inhibition of apoptosis decreased FKB-induced autophagy (LC3-I/II). The in vivo study confirmed that FKB inhibited melanoma growth in A375-xenografted nude mice. This study concluded that FKB is critically associated with the execution and generation of ROS-modulated apoptotic and autophagic cell death of melanoma cells. FKB also repressed tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. Therefore, flavokawain B might be a potential anti-tumor agent in human melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.V.G.)
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chiang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (Y.V.G.)
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.-R.C.); (H.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 7503) (H.-L.Y.); Fax: +886-4-2206-2891 (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.-R.C.); (H.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 7503) (H.-L.Y.); Fax: +886-4-2206-2891 (H.-L.Y.)
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Artemisinin Derivatives Stimulate DR5-Specific TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating Wildtype P53. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092514. [PMID: 32899699 PMCID: PMC7563660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The risk of developing colorectal cancer at a younger age has increased, but current therapies are either risky or limited. We aim to demonstrate that the combination treatment of artemisinin derivatives and TRAIL could be a potential therapy to kill colon cancer cells. We found that artemisinin derivatives increase death receptor production and further sensitize colon cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we explored the role of P53 in response to artemisinin derivatives, which transactivates Death Receptor 5 (DR5) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21. Finally, a 3D tumor spheroid model also confirmed the efficacy of the combination treatment. Abstract Artemisinin derivatives, widely known as commercial anti-malaria drugs, may also have huge potential in treating cancer cells. It has been reported that artemisinin derivatives can overcome resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in liver and cervical cancer cells. In our study, we demonstrated that artesunate (ATS) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) are more efficient in killing colon cancer cells compared to artemisinin (ART). ATS/DHA induces the expression of DR5 in a P53 dependent manner in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells. Both ATS and DHA overcome the resistance to DHER-induced apoptosis in HCT116, mainly through upregulating death receptor 5 (DR5). We also demonstrate that DHA sensitizes HCT116 cells to DHER-induced apoptosis via P53 regulated DR5 expression in P53 knockdown assays. Nevertheless, a lower effect was observed in DLD-1 cells, which has a single Ser241Phe mutation in the P53 DNA binding domain. Thus, the status of P53 could be one of the determinants of TRAIL resistance in some cancer cells. Finally, the combination treatment of DHA and the TRAIL variant DHER increases cell death in 3D colon cancer spheroid models, which shows its potential as a novel therapy.
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Wu M, Jiang M, Dong T, Xu L, Lv J, Xue M, Huang M. Reversal Effect of Dihydromyricetin on Multiple Drug Resistance in SGC7901/5-FU Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1269-1274. [PMID: 32458632 PMCID: PMC7541860 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the most common treatment for gastric cancer is chemotherapy, however, multiple drug resistance (MDR) induce the therapeutic effect which result in the failure of anticancer therapy. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) was reported to have antitumor activities on various human cancer cells in vitro, our previous studies demonstrated that DMY combined with mitomycin has inhibitory effect on proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. However, the underlying role of DMY reversing the MDR of gastric carcinoma is poor understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reversal effect of DMY on MDR and investigate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Methods: Using MTT assay, we identified the toxicity of DMY on SGC7901 and SGC7901/5-FU cells. The effect of DMY on 5-FU induced apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, we determined the MDR1 mRNA and protein expression. Results: DMY induced growth inhibition in both SGC7901 and SGC7901/5-FU cells, the IC50 value was 13.64±1.15 µg/mL, 20.69±1.82 µg/mL respectively. DMY treatment sensitized SGC7901/5-FU cells to cytotoxicity of 5-FU. The combination of DMY with 5-FU increased the apoptosis rate (9.91%, 16.67%) comparing with 5-FU alone (5.25%). Comparing with the control group, the MDR1 mRNA and protein expression in SGC7901/5-FU cells after treatment of DMY decreased significantly (P< 0.05). Conclusion: In brief, our study demonstrated that DMY effectively reversed multi-drug resistance occurring in SGC7901/5-FU cells cultured in vitro, and the potential mechanism was involved in the downregulation of the MDR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Wuhu second Sanatorium for Retired Cadres, Anhui military area, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ting Dong
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Mengya Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Mengzhu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R.China
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Cytotoxic Property of Grias neuberthii Extract on Human Colon Cancer Cells: A Crucial Role of Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1565306. [PMID: 32328120 PMCID: PMC7152961 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1565306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine has become an important alternative in the treatment of various cancer types, including colon cancer, which represents one of the main health problems around the world. Therefore, the search for new therapies to counteract this disease is very active. Grias neuberthii is an endemic plant located in the Ecuadorian Amazon region, which has been used in traditional medicine for its pharmacological properties, including its ability to inhibit tumor cell growth, although scientific studies are limited. We have analyzed the effect of this plant on two colon carcinoma cell lines, that is, RKO (normal p53) and SW613-B3 (mutated p53) cells. Among several extracts obtained from various parts of G. neuberthii plant, we identified the extract with the greatest cytotoxic potential, derived from the stem bark. The cytotoxic effect was similar on both cell lines, thus indicating that it is independent of the status of p53. However, significant differences were observed after the analysis of colony formation, with RKO cells being more sensitive than SW613-B3. No evidence for apoptotic markers was recorded; nevertheless, both cell lines showed signs of autophagy after the treatment, including increased Beclin-1 and LC3-II and decreased p62. Finally, three chemical compounds, possibly responsible for the effect observed in both cell lines, were identified: lupeol (1), 3′-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside (2), and 19-α-hydroxy-asiatic acid monoglucoside (3).
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Orzechowska BU, Wróbel G, Turlej E, Jatczak B, Sochocka M, Chaber R. Antitumor effect of baicalin from the Scutellaria baicalensis radix extract in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with different chromosomal rearrangements. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106114. [PMID: 31881375 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children. Many cases of B-ALL harbor chromosomal translocations which are often critical determinants of prognosis. Most of them represent altered transcription factors that impact gene transcription or enhance signaling. B-ALLs harboring the mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene rearrangements represent aggressive, high-risk type of early childhood leukemias that are usually associated with a very poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents as well as new treatment strategies. The objective was to examine the vitro inhibitory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract (SBE) in B-ALL cell lines with different chromosomal rearrangements and in leukemic blasts derived from patients' bone marrow (BMCs). In this study we showed that baicalin which is the main component of the SBE possess antitumor activity against all leukemic cell lines especially those with MLL and PBX1 gene rearrangements. Baicalin inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced cell death through caspase 3/7 activation. Moreover, baicalin treatment inhibited the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by suppressing its phosphorylation at Y216, and upregulated the downstream mediator of the cell cycle arrest - cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. Bone marrow derived blasts from B-ALL patients also exhibited varied sensitivity towards baicalin with 72% patients sensitive to the SBE and baicalin treatment. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the anti-cancer properties of baicalin by showing its diverse mode of action which might be related to the different genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata U Orzechowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Wróbel
- Dept. of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bogna Jatczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sochocka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Chaber
- Clinic of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, ul. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Balhamar SOMS, Panicker NG, Akhlaq S, Qureshi MM, Ahmad W, Rehman NU, Ali L, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain J, Mustafa F. Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Acridocarpus orientalis Leaf and Stem Extracts with the Ability to Induce Multiple Cell Death Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213976. [PMID: 31684146 PMCID: PMC6864630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the anticancer potential of Acridocarpus orientalis (AO), a traditional medicinal plant of the Arabian Peninsula/East Africa known for its anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. Tests of serial organic fractions from methanolic extracts of its leaves and stems revealed that only some fractions showed anti-proliferative potential with the dichloromethane fraction from leaves (AOD (L)) showing the most cytotoxic effect against both breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. The n-butanol fraction from the stems (AOB (S)), on the other hand, was more effective against cervical cancer cells and did not harm the normal cells. Further characterization of the mode of cell killing revealed that AOD (L) depended more on non-apoptotic pathways for its cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, while it could activate some apoptosis and necroptosis in HeLa cells. The AOB (S) fraction could primarily activate apoptosis and some necroptosis in HeLa cells. Both fractions perturbed autophagy, but in a dissimilar manner. Thus, different parts of A. orientalis revealed variable potential to induce cell death in cancer cells via apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, making A. orientalis a valuable plant for the exploration of anticancer bioactive reagents, some of which may be protective for normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neena Gopinathan Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Mohammed Mansoor Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Mianwali, Punjab 42200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
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Identification and Characterization of the Caspase-Mediated Apoptotic Activity of Teucrium mascatense and an Isolated Compound in Human Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050977. [PMID: 30861999 PMCID: PMC6429099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Teucrium (Lamiaceae or Labiatae family) are known historically for their medicinal value. Here, we identify and characterize the anticancer potential of T. mascatense and its active compound, IM60, in human cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of a T. mascatense methanol extract and its various fractions were analyzed in MCF-7 and HeLa cells in a dose- and time dependent manner. The dichloromethane fraction (TMDF) was observed to be the most effective with cytotoxicity against a more expanded series of cell lines, including MDA-MB-231. A time and dose-dependent toxicity profile was also observed for IM60; it could induce rapid cell death (within 3 h) in MCF-7 cells. Activation of caspases and PARP, hallmarks of apoptotic cell death pathways, following treatment with TMDF was demonstrated using western blot analysis. Inversion of the phosphatidylserine phospholipid from the inner to the outer membrane was confirmed by annexin V staining that was inhibited by the classical apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAK-FMK. Changes in cell rounding, shrinkage, and detachment from other cells following treatment with TMDF and IM60 also supported these findings. Finally, the potential of TMDF and IM60 to induce enzymatic activity of caspases was also demonstrated in MCF-7 cells. This study, thus, not only characterizes the anticancer potential of T. mascatense, but also identifies a lead terpenoid, IM60, with the potential to activate anticancer cell death pathways in human cancer cells.
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Wang Y, Luo YH, Piao XJ, Shen GN, Meng LQ, Zhang Y, Wang JR, Li JQ, Wang H, Xu WT, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang SN, Sun HN, Han YH, Jin MH, Zang YQ, Zhang DJ, Jin CH. Novel 1,4‑naphthoquinone derivatives induce reactive oxygen species‑mediated apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1654-1664. [PMID: 30592276 PMCID: PMC6390020 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone have excellent anti-cancer effects, but their use has been greatly limited due to their serious side effects. To develop compounds with decreased side effects and improved anti-cancer activity, two novel types of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-epoxy-2-propylsulfonyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (EPDMNQ) and 2,3-dihydro-2,3-epoxy-2-nonylsulfonyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (ENDMNQ) were synthesized and their anti-tumor activities were investigated. The effects of EPDMNQ and ENDMNQ on cell viability, apoptosis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver cancer cells were determined by MTT cell viability assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of mitochondrial, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway-associated proteins in Hep3B liver cancer cells were analyzed by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that EPDMNQ and ENDMNQ inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer Hep3B, HepG2, and Huh7 cell lines but not that of normal liver L-02, normal lung IMR-90 and stomach GES-1 cell lines. The number of apoptotic cells and ROS levels were significantly increased following treatment with EPDMNQ and ENDMNQ, and these effects were blocked by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in Hep3B cells. EPDMNQ and ENDMNQ induced apoptosis by upregulating the protein expression of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and STAT3; these effects were inhibited by NAC. The results of the present study demonstrated that EPDMNQ and ENDMNQ induced apoptosis through ROS-modulated MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways in Hep3B cells. Therefore, these novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives may be useful as anticancer agents for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- Department of Grass Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qi Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Nong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Zang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Changes in Metabolic Profiles of Human Oral Cells by Benzylidene Ascorbates and Eugenol. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5040116. [PMID: 30384403 PMCID: PMC6313480 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sodium-5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate (SBA), and its component units, benzaldehyde (BA) and sodium ascorbate (SA), are known to exert antitumor activity, while eugenol exerts anti-inflammatory activity. To narrow down their intracellular targets, metabolomic analysis was performed. Methods: Viable cell number was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Fine cell structures were observed under transmission electron microscope. Cellular metabolites were extracted with methanol and subjected to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for quantification of intracellular metabolites. Results: SBA was cleaved into BA and SA under acidic condition. Among these three compounds, BA showed the highest-tumor specificity in vitro against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. BA did not induce the vacuolization in HSC-2 OSCC cells, and its cytotoxicity was not inhibited by catalase, in contrast to SBA and SA. Only BA suppressed the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at early stage of cytotoxicity induction. Eugenol more rapidly induced the vacuolization and suppressed the TCA cycle in three human normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast, periodontal ligament fibroblast, pulp cell). Neither BA nor eugenol affected the ATP utilization, further supporting that they do not induce apoptosis. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated for the first time that both BA and eugenol suppressed the TCA cycle in tumor cells and normal cells, respectively. It is crucial to design methodology that enhances the antitumor potential of BA and reduces the cytotoxicity of eugenol to allow for safe clinical application.
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Cruz LS, de Oliveira TL, Kanunfre CC, Paludo KS, Minozzo BR, Prestes AP, Wang M, Fernandes D, Santos FAD, Manda VK, Khan SI, Ali Z, de Messias-Reason IJ, Avula B, Khan IA, Beltrame FL. Pharmacokinetics and cytotoxic study of euphol from Euphorbia umbellata (Bruyns) Pax latex. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:105-112. [PMID: 30166094 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are an important source to identify new active pharmaceutical compounds. Traditionally, the sap of Euphorbia umbellata is widely used to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions. These effects have been attributed to the presence of terpenes and phenolic compounds in the extracts of this plant. Euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol, is one of the major compounds present in Euphorbia species, and some biological activities have been attributed to this compound. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of euphol against Jurkat, HL-60, K-562, B16F10, and HRT-18 cells lines, as well as the biological stability, distribution, metabolism properties in vitro, and the determination of the concentration of euphol in the plasma and liver of rats. METHODS The MTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of euphol against cancer cell lines, and the selectivity index, the morphology and cell cycle assays to evaluate the death mechanisms in K-562 and B16F10 lineages. UHPLC-MS was applied for the in vivo evaluation of the concentration of euphol in plasma and liver, and in vitro metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and S9 fraction, plasma protein binding, and stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids assays. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that euphol exhibited cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells lines, selectivity against leukemia and possibly, the mechanism involved is apoptosis. The evaluation of stability, distribution, and metabolism properties showed that euphol was unstable in gastric and intestinal fluids, presenting moderate plasma protein binding with two hours elimination half-life and possible phase II liver metabolism. All the results suggested that further studies could be developed to prove the viability of euphol as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Thais L de Oliveira
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, General Carneiro Street, 460, Downtown, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Carla C Kanunfre
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Katia S Paludo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Minozzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Ana P Prestes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Dos Santos
- Department of Dendistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Iara J de Messias-Reason
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Parana, General Carneiro Street, 460, Downtown, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Flávio L Beltrame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil.
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Cryptotanshinone suppresses key onco-proliferative and drug-resistant pathways of chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting STAT5 and STAT3 phosphorylation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Kessel D. Apoptosis, Paraptosis and Autophagy: Death and Survival Pathways Associated with Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:119-125. [PMID: 29882356 DOI: 10.1111/php.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of photosensitizing agents to create photodamage at specific subcellular sites has proved useful for characterizing pathway(s) to cell death and for selecting optimal targets for anti-tumor efficacy. Both apoptosis and autophagy can occur after photodamage directed at mitochondria, lysosomes or the ER, with the balance often a determinant of overall efficacy. A combination of lysosomal + mitochondrial targets is associated with enhanced efficacy. More recently, ER photodamage was found to evoke a mainly unexplored mode of photokilling that involves extensive cytoplasmic vacuole formation but does not represent autophagy. This has been termed "paraptosis" and appears to be a reaction to the appearance of misfolded ER proteins. This report is designed to summarize current knowledge relating to death pathways and update information relating to paraptosis as a PDT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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Xue J, Li R, Zhao X, Ma C, Lv X, Liu L, Liu P. Morusin induces paraptosis-like cell death through mitochondrial calcium overload and dysfunction in epithelial ovarian cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:59-74. [PMID: 29421517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological cancers. Morusin, a prenylated flavonoid extracted from the root bark of Morus australis, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity against various human cancers except EOC. In the present study, we explored the potential anti-cancer activity of morusin against EOC in vitro and in vivo and possible underlying mechanisms for the first time. We first found that morusin effectively inhibited EOC cell proliferation and survival in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Then we observed that treatment of EOC cells with morusin resulted in paraptosis-like cell death, a novel mode of non-apoptotic programmed cell death that is characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation due to dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria and lack of apoptotic hallmarks. In addition, we discovered that morusin induced obvious increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, accumulation of ER stress markers, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in EOC cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), a chemical inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) on the outer mitochondrial membrane, effectively inhibited mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, cytoplasmic vacuolation and cell death induced by morusin in EOC cells. Moreover, DIDS pretreatment also suppressed morusin-induced accumulation of ER stress markers, ROS production and depletion of Δψm. Consistently, tumor xenograft assays showed that co-treatment with DIDS partially reversed the inhibitory effects of morusin on tumor growth in vivo and inhibited the increased levels of ER stress markers induced by morusin in tumor tissues. Collectively, our results suggest that VDAC-mediated Ca2+ influx into mitochondria and subsequent mitochondrial Ca2+ overload contribute to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, leading to morusin-induced paraptosis-like cell death in EOC. This study may provide alternative therapeutic strategies for EOC exhibiting resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Congcong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lidong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ye J, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhai L, Wang K, Xiao M, Xie T, Sui X. Non-apoptotic cell death in malignant tumor cells and natural compounds. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:210-227. [PMID: 29410006 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy is mainly targeting on enhancing cell apoptosis, however, it is well established that many cancer cells are chemo-resistant and defective in apoptosis induction. Therefore, it may have important therapeutic implications to exploit some novel natural compounds based on non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Currently, accumulating evidence shows that the compounds from nature source can induce non-apoptotic programmed cell death in cancer cells, and therefore these natural compounds have gained a great promise for the future anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we will concentrate our efforts on the latest developments regarding major forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death--autophagic cell death, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, glutamoptosis and exosome-associated cell death. Our increased understanding of the role of natural compounds in regulating non-apoptotic programmed cell death will hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Des Moines Medical School, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Giacoppo S, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Moringa isothiocyanate complexed with α-cyclodextrin: a new perspective in neuroblastoma treatment. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:362. [PMID: 28705212 PMCID: PMC5513314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest the consume of natural products for cancer prevention or treatment. In particular, isothiocyanates (ITCs) exerting anti-cancer properties, have received great interest as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This study was designed to assess the anti-proliferative activities of a new preparation of Moringa oleifera-derived 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl ITC (moringin) complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin (moringin + α-CD; MAC) on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. This new formulation arises in the attempt to overcome the poor solubility and stability of moringin alone in aqueous media. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of MAC (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg). Cell proliferation was examined by MTT and cell count assays. The cytotoxic activity of the MAC complex was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and trypan blue exclusion test. In addition, western blotting analyses for the main apoptosis-related proteins were performed. RESULTS Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the MAC complex reduced cell growth in concentration dependent manner. Specifically, MAC exhibited a potent action in inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, whose aberrant activation was found in many types of cancer. MAC was also found to induce the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 activation by phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, treatment with MAC was able to down-regulate MAPK pathway (results focused on JNK and p38 expression). Finally, MAC was found to trigger apoptotic death pathway (based on expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3, Bax/Bcl-2 balance, p53 and p21). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that use of MAC complex may open novel perspectives to improve the poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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