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Zhang J, Yang Y, Li K, Li J. Application of graphene oxide in tumor targeting and tumor therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2551-2576. [PMID: 37768314 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), as a kind of two-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterials, has attracted great attention in many fields in the past decade. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, GO is showing great promise in the field of biomedicine. For GO, all the atoms on its surface are exposed to the surface with ultra-high specific surface area, and a variety of groups on the surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups, can effectively bind/load various biomolecules. Due to the availability of these groups, GO also possesses excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility for the modification of the desired biocompatible molecules or polymers on the surface of GO. The nano-network structure and hydrophobicity of GO enable it to load a large number of hydrophobic drugs containing benzene rings and it has been widely used as a multi-functional nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drug or gene delivery. This review article will give an in-depth overview of the synthesis methods of GO, the advantages and disadvantages of GO used in nano-drug delivery system, the research progress of GO as a stimulus-responsive nano-drug carrier, and the application of these intelligent systems in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yibo Yang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Gadzhimagomedova Z, Polyakov V, Pankin I, Butova V, Kirsanova D, Soldatov M, Khodakova D, Goncharova A, Mukhanova E, Belanova A, Maksimov A, Soldatov A. BaGdF 5 Nanophosphors Doped with Different Concentrations of Eu 3+ for Application in X-ray Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313040. [PMID: 34884843 PMCID: PMC8657490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT) has been recently considered as an efficient alternative to conventional radiotherapy of malignant tissues. Nanocomposites for XPDT typically consist of two components—a nanophosphor which re-emits X-rays into visible light that in turn is absorbed by the second component, a photosensitizer, for further generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, BaGdF5 nanophosphors doped with different Eu:Gd ratios in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 were synthesized by the microwave route. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the average size of nanophosphors was ~12 nm. Furthermore, different coatings with amorphous SiO2 and citrates were systematically studied. Micro-CT imaging demonstrated superior X-ray attenuation and sufficient contrast in the liver and the spleen after intravenous injection of citric acid-coated nanoparticles. In case of the SiO2 surface, post-treatment core–shell morphology was verified via TEM and the possibility of tunable shell size was reported. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis revealed mesoporous SiO2 formation characterized by the slit-shaped type of pores that should be accessible for methylene blue photosensitizer molecules. It was shown that SiO2 coating subsequently facilitates methylene blue conjugation and results in the formation of the BaGdF5: 10% Eu3+@SiO2@MB nanocomposite as a promising candidate for application in XPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Gadzhimagomedova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Polyakov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilia Pankin
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Vera Butova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Daria Kirsanova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Mikhail Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Darya Khodakova
- National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, 344037 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Goncharova
- National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, 344037 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elizaveta Mukhanova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anna Belanova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Aleksey Maksimov
- National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, 344037 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (D.K.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexander Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (I.P.); (V.B.); (D.K.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
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Kirsanova D, Polyakov V, Butova V, Zolotukhin P, Belanova A, Gadzhimagomedova Z, Soldatov M, Pankin I, Soldatov A. The Rare-Earth Elements Doping of BaGdF 5 Nanophosphors for X-ray Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3212. [PMID: 34947560 PMCID: PMC8706573 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the initiation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tumors requires the use of X-rays to activate the reactive oxygen species generation in deep tissues. The aim of this paper is to synthesize X-ray nanophosphors and analyze their structural and luminescence characteristics to push the PDT process deep into the body. The article deals with BaGdF5:Eu3+, BaGdF5:Sm3+, and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanophosphors synthesized using microwave synthesis. It is found that the nanoparticles are biocompatible and have sizes 5-17 nm. However, according to the analysis of X-ray excited optical luminescence, BaGdF5:Sm3+ nanophosphors will not be effective for treating deep-seated tumors. Thus, BaGdF5:Eu3+ and BaGdF5:Tb3+ nanoparticles meet the requirements for the subsequent production of nanocomposites based on them that can be used in X-ray photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kirsanova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.P.); (V.B.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (Z.G.); (M.S.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
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