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McGary CS, Alvarez X, Harrington S, Cervasi B, Ryan ES, Iriele RI, Paganini S, Harper J, Easley K, Silvestri G, Ansari AA, Lichterfeld M, Micci L, Paiardini M. The loss of CCR6 + and CD161 + CD4 + T-cell homeostasis contributes to disease progression in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1082-1096. [PMID: 28051083 PMCID: PMC5474141 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that CD4+ T cells expressing CCR6 and CD161 are depleted from blood during HIV infection, the mechanisms underlying their loss remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how the homeostasis of CCR6+ and CD161+ CD4+ T cells contributes to SIV disease progression and the mechanisms responsible for their loss from circulation. By comparing SIV infection in rhesus macaques (RMs) and natural host sooty mangabeys (SMs), we found that the loss of CCR6+ and CD161+ CD4+ T cells from circulation is a distinguishing feature of progressive SIV infection in RMs. Furthermore, while viral infection critically contributes to the loss of CD161+CCR6-CD4+ T cells, a redistribution of CCR6+CD161- and CCR6+CD161+CD4+ T cells from the blood to the rectal mucosa is a chief mechanism for their loss during SIV infection. Finally, we provide evidence that the accumulation of CCR6+CD4+ T cells in the mucosa is damaging to the host by demonstrating their reduction from this site following initiation of antiretroviral therapy in SIV-infected RMs and their lack of accumulation in SIV-infected SMs. These data emphasize the importance of maintaining CCR6+ and CD161+ CD4+ T-cell homeostasis, particularly in the mucosa, to prevent disease progression during pathogenic HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. McGary
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA
| | - Sean Harrington
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Barbara Cervasi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily S. Ryan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robin I. Iriele
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sara Paganini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Justin Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kirk Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Luca Micci
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Shang AD, Lu YQ. A case report of severe paraquat poisoning in an HIV-positive patient: an unexpected outcome and inspiration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e587. [PMID: 25715264 PMCID: PMC4554141 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We described and analyzed the treatment process of an HIV-positive patient with severe paraquat (PQ) poisoning. A 34-year-old man ingested about 50 mL of a 20% solution of PQ in a suicide attempt. He was treated with gastric lavage, oral administration of adsorbent, and symptomatic treatments at the local hospital, and was transferred to our emergency department. Ten hours after the exposure, the concentration of plasma PQ was 2.17 mg/L and was substantially above the survival limits of the severity index for PQ poisoning (SIPP) curve (0.30 mg/L). The equation produced by Jones et al (Jones AL, Elton R, Flanagan R. Multiple logistic regression analysis of plasma paraquat concentrations as a predictor of outcome in 375 cases of paraquat poisoning. QJM. 1999:92;573-578) predicted a 20.5% probability of survival at admission. Unfortunately, the patient was diagnosed as HIV infected, and CD4 lymphocyte count also confirmed that the patient was in a state of mild suppression of immunological function. Immediately, the patient received normative immunosuppressive therapy and hemoperfusion (HP). On the 15th day after poisoning, the patient recovered well and was discharged. All along, the evolution of the patient's status was in accordance with the characteristics of PQ poisoning, but the extent and duration of damage was mismatching and drastically alleviative by the previous biological indices. The particular case of treatment may be indirectly supporting the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in treating patients with PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Dong Shang
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhai RR, Jiang AP, Wang HB, Ma L, Ren XX, Jiang JF, Wu L, Wei JF, Wang JH. Histamine enhances HIV-1-induced modulation of dendritic cells to skew naïve T cell differentiation toward regulatory T cells. Virology 2013; 442:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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