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Alam W, Khan H, Saeed Jan M, Rashid U, Abusharha A, Daglia M. Synthesis, in-vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenases and in silico studies of new isoxazole derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 11:1222047. [PMID: 37744065 PMCID: PMC10511884 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1222047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoxazole belongs to the class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The process of developing new drugs has significantly gained attention due to inadequate pharmacokinetic and safety attributes of the available drugs. This study aimed to design a new diverse array of ten novel isoxazole derivatives via Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. In vitro COX-1/2 anti-inflammatory assay, in silico molecular docking of potent compounds, Molecular docking simulation, and SwissADME pharmacokinetic profile were investigated in this research. The in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory assay showed that almost all the tested compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory effects whereas C6, C5, and C3 were found to be the most potent COX-2 enzyme inhibitors among the tested compounds and are good candidates for selective COX-2 inhibitors. In silico molecular docking studies coupled with molecular dynamic simulation has been done to rationalize the time-evolved mode of interaction of selected inhibitor inside the active pockets of target COX-2. The binding orientations and binding energy results also showed the selectivity of compounds towards COX-2. Physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, lipophilicity, water solubility, drug metabolism, drug-likeness properties, and medicinal chemistry of the synthesized isoxazole derivatives were assessed. The SwissADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) database was used to assess the physicochemical properties and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized isoxazole derivatives. All the compounds were shown high GI absorption except Compound 7 (C7). Compound 1 (C1) and Compound 2 (C2) were found to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Lipinski's rule of five is not violated by any of the ten synthesized isoxazole derivatives. It was predicted with the SwissADME database that C2, C5, C6, C7, and C8 are potent inhibitors of cytochrome (CYP) subtype CYP-2C19. A subtype of CYP-2C9 was inhibited by C4 and C7. The medicinal chemistry of all the compounds C1-C10 showed no PAIN (Pan assay interference compounds) alerts. The improved gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and BBB permeability of C1 and C2 can provide a future prospective for new researchers in the medicinal field to investigate the compounds for the management of chronic diseases. The synthesized isoxazole compounds showed excellent in vitro COX-1/2 enzymes anti-inflammatory investigations, in silico studies, good physicochemical properties, and improved pharmacokinetic profile which will be further investigated via in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, to further support our findings of the computational research and in vitro studies, an in-vivo pharmacokinetic profile is suggested in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Optometry Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- International Research Centre for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang X, Hu Q, Tang H, Pan X. Isoxazole/Isoxazoline Skeleton in the Structural Modification of Natural Products: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:228. [PMID: 37259376 PMCID: PMC9964809 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoxazoles and isoxazolines are five-membered heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen and oxygen. Isoxazole and isoxazoline are the most popular heterocyclic compounds for developing novel drug candidates. Over 80 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and other activities, were reviewed. A review of recent studies on the use of isoxazoles and isoxazolines moiety derivative activities for natural products is presented here, focusing on the parameters that affect the bioactivity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinhui Pan
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
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Dengale SG, Akolkar HN, Darekar NR, Shaikh MH, Deshmukh KK, Mhaske SD, Karale BK, Raut DN, Khedkar VM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-(4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[ c]Isoxazol-3-yl)-4 H-Chromen-4-Ones. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1982733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata G. Dengale
- Department of Chemistry, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarada Science College, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemantkumar N. Akolkar
- Department of Chemistry, Abasaheb Marathe Arts & New Commerce, Science, College, Rajapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nirmala R. Darekar
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mubarak H. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Keshav K. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarada Science College, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana D. Mhaske
- Department of Chemistry, Dadapatil Rajale College, Pathardi, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhausaheb K. Karale
- Department of Chemistry, Abasaheb Marathe Arts & New Commerce, Science, College, Rajapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipak N. Raut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Green one-pot four-component synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles- sulfonates and sulfonamides using a combination of NaDCC as metal-free catalyst and ultrasonic activation in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vanga SKR, Bollikolla HB, Peruri VVS. Catalyst‐free facile and efficient one‐pot synthesis of densely functionalized pyrroles and α‐amino ketones. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adamovich SN, Kondrashov EV, Ushakov IA, Shatokhina NS, Oborina EN, Vashchenko AV, Belovezhets LA, Rozentsveig IB, Verpoort F. Isoxazole derivatives of silatrane: synthesis, characterization, in silico ADME profile, prediction of potential pharmacological activity and evaluation of antimicrobial action. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Adamovich
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V. Kondrashov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Nina S. Shatokhina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta N. Oborina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Vashchenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Lydmila A. Belovezhets
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Igor B. Rozentsveig
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
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Shaik A, Bhandare RR, Palleapati K, Nissankararao S, Kancharlapalli V, Shaik S. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of Some Novel Isoxazole Ring Containing Chalcone and Dihydropyrazole Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051047. [PMID: 32110945 PMCID: PMC7179112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work identified isoxazole-based chalcones and their dihydropyrazole derivatives as two important five-membered heterocycles having antitubercular activity. Hence, in the present study, we biologically evaluated 30 compounds, including 15 isoxazole ring-containing chalcones (17-31) and 15 dihydropyrazoles (32-46) derived from these chalcones for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Chalcones exhibited superior antibacterial and antioxidant activities compared to dihydropyrazoles. Among the chalcones, compound 28 showed potent antibacterial (MIC = 1 µg/mL) and antioxidant activities (IC50 = 5 ± 1 µg/mL). Dihydropyrazoles, on the contrary, demonstrated remarkable antifungal and anticancer activities. Compound 46 (IC50 = 2 ± 1 µg/mL) showed excellent antifungal activity whereas two other dihydropyrazoles 45 (IC50 = 2 ± 1 µg/mL) and 39 (IC50 = 4 ± 1 µg/mL) exhibited potential anticancer activity. The compounds were also tested for their toxicity on normal human cell lines (LO2) and were found to be nontoxic. The active compounds that have emerged out of this study are potential lead molecules for the development of novel drugs against infectious diseases, oxidative stress, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.R.B.); Tel.: +91-9966-014-374 (A.S.); +971-565646655 (R.R.B.)
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman PO Box 346, UAE
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.R.B.); Tel.: +91-9966-014-374 (A.S.); +971-565646655 (R.R.B.)
| | - Kishor Palleapati
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ASN Pharmacy College, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Tenali-522201, Andhra Pradesh, India; (K.P.); (V.K.)
| | | | - Venkata Kancharlapalli
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ASN Pharmacy College, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Tenali-522201, Andhra Pradesh, India; (K.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Shahanaaz Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Victoria College of Pharmacy, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nallapadu-522001, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India;
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Srivastava SK. Recent Advances in Medicinal Chemistry to Treat Tuberculosis – Part-II. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:645. [DOI: 10.2174/156802661909190620154203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Srivastava
- ICMR- Emeritus Medical Scientist at CSIR-CIMAP Ex. Professor, AcSIR (Chemical Sciences) Ex. Chief Scientist & Head Medicinal Chemistry Department Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Lucknow 226015, India
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