1
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Xu S, Kang A, Tian Y, Li X, Qin S, Yang R, Guo Y. Plant Flavonoids with Antimicrobial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38833551 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a serious threat to human public health and global economic development, and there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents. Flavonoids are the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and the anti-S. aureus and anti-MRSA activities of flavonoids have now been widely reported. The aim of this Review is to describe plant-derived flavonoid active ingredients and their effects and mechanisms of inhibitory activity against MRSA in order to provide insights for screening novel antimicrobial agents. Here, 85 plant-derived flavonoids (14 flavones, 21 flavonols, 26 flavanones, 9 isoflavones, 12 chalcones, and 3 other classes) with anti-MRSA activity are reviewed. Among these flavonoids, flavones and isoflavones generally showed the most significant anti-MRSA activity (MICs: 1-8 μg/mL). The results of the present Review display that most of the flavonoids with excellent anti-MRSA activity were derived from Morus alba L. and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. The antibacterial mechanism of flavonoids against MRSA is mainly achieved by disruption of membrane structures, inhibition of efflux pumps, and inhibition of β-lactamases and bacterial virulence factors. We hope this Review can provide insights into the development of novel antimicrobials based on natural products for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ayue Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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2
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Wei MZ, Zhu YY, Zu WB, Wang H, Bai LY, Zhou ZS, Zhao YL, Wang ZJ, Luo XD. Structure optimizing of flavonoids against both MRSA and VRE. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116401. [PMID: 38640870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) cause more than 100,000 deaths each year, which need efficient and non-resistant antibacterial agents. SAR analysis of 162 flavonoids from the plant in this paper suggested that lipophilic group at C-3 was crucial, and then 63 novel flavonoid derivatives were designed and total synthesized. Among them, the most promising K15 displayed potent bactericidal activity against clinically isolated MRSA and VRE (MICs = 0.25-1.00 μg/mL) with low toxicity and high membrane selectivity. Moreover, mechanism insights revealed that K15 avoided resistance by disrupting biofilm and targeting the membrane, while vancomycin caused 256 times resistance against MRSA, and ampicillin caused 16 times resistance against VRE by the same 20 generations inducing. K15 eliminated residual bacteria in mice skin MRSA-infected model (>99 %) and abdominal VRE-infected model (>92 %), which was superior to vancomycin and ampicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Wei
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Biao Zu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu Bai
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lu Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Lan Y, Wu L, Wang J, Wu K, Yang C, Lv R, Yi D, Zhuo G, Li Y, Shen F, Hou R, Yue B, Fan Z. Red pandas with different diets and environments exhibit different gut microbial functional composition and capacity. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38420673 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a distinctive mammal known for its reliance on a diet primarily consisting of bamboo. The gut microbiota and overall health of animals are strongly influenced by diets and environments. Therefore, conducting research to explore the taxonomical and functional variances within the gut microbiota of red pandas exposed to various dietary and environmental conditions could shed light on the dynamic complexities of their microbial communities. In this study, normal fecal samples were obtained from red pandas residing in captive and semi-free environments under different dietary regimes and used for metabolomic, 16S rRNA, and metagenomic sequencing analysis, with the pandas classified into four distinct cohorts according to diet and environment. In addition, metagenomic sequencing was conducted on mucus fecal samples to elucidate potential etiological agents of disease. Results revealed an increased risk of gastrointestinal diseases in red pandas consuming bamboo shoots due to the heightened presence of pathogenic bacteria, although an increased presence of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites appeared to facilitate intestinal balance. The red pandas fed bamboo leaves also exhibited a decrease in gut microbial diversity, which may be attributed to the antibacterial flavonoids and lower protein levels in leaves. Notably, red pandas residing in semi-free environments demonstrated an enriched gut microbial diversity. Moreover, the occurrence of mucus secretion may be due to an increased presence of species associated with diarrhea and a reduced level of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. In summary, our findings substantiate the influential role of diet and environment in modulating the gut microbiota of red pandas, offering potential implications for improved captive breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kongju Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiqing Lv
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejiao Yi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guifu Zhuo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Xu X, Wang X, Xie P. Screening and unveiling antibacterial mechanism of dandelion phenolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting intracellular Na +-K + ATPase based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38174403 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently food-contaminated incidence of healthcare-associated Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial function and mechanism of phenolic compounds from dandelion are still unclear. Herein, this work aims to screen one of dandelion phenolic extracts with the strongest antibacterial function from its organ such as flower, stem, leaf and root, and to reveal its antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated dandelion flower phenolic extract (DFPE) containing the highest content of caffeic acid, followed by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. They, especially caffeic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, played a key role in making the bacterial cellular-membrane ruptured against the bacteria. The leakage of the intracellular substances (adenosine triphosphate and Na+-K+ ATPase) was further confirmed. Conventional hydrogen bond, pi-anion, pi-alkyl were involved in the interaction between caffeic acid or luteolin-7-O-glucoside and Na+-K+ ATPase. Additionally, the dynamic equilibrium of the liganded ATPase complex were achieved after 105 ns, and the lower values from the radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area in the complex demonstrated the highly tight and compact structure of the liganded protein. The highest free binding energy (ΔGbind = -47.80 kJ/mol) between Na+-K+ ATPase and luteolin-7-O-glycloside was observed. Overall, DFPE can be used as an effective anti-bacterial agent due to the contribution of its bioactive ingredients such as caffeic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside for membrane-breaking.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
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5
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Aghakhani A, Hezave MB, Rasouli A, Saberi Rounkian M, Soleimanlou F, Alhani A, Sabet Eqlidi N, Pirani M, Mehrtabar S, Zerangian N, Pormehr-Yabandeh A, Keylani K, Tizro N, Deravi N. Endoplasmic Reticulum as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Is there a Role for Flavonoids? Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:298-315. [PMID: 36959143 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are classified into subclasses of polyphenols, a multipurpose category of natural compounds which comprises secondary metabolites extracted from vascular plants and are plentiful in the human diet. Although the details of flavonoid mechanisms are still not realized correctly, they are generally regarded as antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative; anti-mutagenic; anti-neoplastic; anti-aging; anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, etc. The anti-cancer properties of flavonoids are evident in functions such as prevention of proliferation, metastasis, invasion, inflammation and activation of cell death. Tumors growth and enlargement expose cells to acidosis, hypoxia, and lack of nutrients which result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; it triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which reclaims homeostasis or activates autophagy. Steady stimulation of ER stress can switch autophagy to apoptosis. The connection between ER stress and cancer, in association with UPR, has been explained. The signals provided by UPR can activate or inhibit anti-apoptotic or apoptotic pathways depending on the period and grade of ER stress. In this review, we will peruse the link between flavonoids and their impact on the endoplasmic reticulum in association with cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Aghakhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saberi Rounkian
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arian Alhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sabet Eqlidi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Zerangian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Pormehr-Yabandeh
- Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Li B, Jiao P, Tang C. Deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with magnetic bead ligand fishing for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300672. [PMID: 38135874 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction combined with a magnetic bead ligand affinity analytical method was developed and used for α-glucosidase inhibitor identification from Pueraria lobata. Several critical parameters affecting the analysis performance, including the type of DES, molar ratio, water amount, pH, salt concentration, and volume of DES, were investigated. The selected analytical sample preparation conditions were as follows. The composition of DES is choline chloride-1,4-butanediol (1:3), the water content is 40%, pH is 7.0 and the volume of extraction solution is 2 mL. The obtained sample extraction solution was analyzed directly using α-glucosidase immobilized magnetic beads (GMBs). Three α-glucosidase inhibitors in Pueraria lobata, including puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein, were identified. Luteolin was used as a positive control to evaluate the method's selectivity. Results showed it could selectively bond to the GMBs in the DES. As the affinity analysis was performed directly in a DES, the solution-removing process could be avoided. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method are 5.21% and 6.38%, respectively. The solvent amount was 1/50-1/2000 of that used in traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Pan Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Zhu H, Yang B. New insights of flavonoid glycosidases and their application in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38117083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are significant natural nutraceuticals and a key component of dietary supplements. Given that flavonoid glycosides are more plentiful in nature and less beneficial to human health than their aglycone counterparts, they serve as potential precursors for flavonoid production. Glycosidases have shown substantial potential within the food industry, particularly in enhancing the organoleptic properties of juice, wine, and tea. When applied to food resources, glycosidases can amplify their biological activities, thereby improving the performance of functional foods. This review provides up-to-date information on flavonoid glycosidases, including their catalytic mechanisms, biochemical properties, and natural sources, as well as their applications within the food industry. The use of flavonoid glycosidases in improving food quality is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Functional Food Group, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Silva MC, Cunha G, Firmino P, Sallum LO, Menezes A, Dutra J, de Araujo-Neto J, Batista AA, Ellena J, Napolitano HB. Structural and Anticancer Studies of Methoxyflavone Derivative from Strychnos pseudoquina A.St.-Hil. (Loganiaceae) from Brazilian Cerrado. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40764-40774. [PMID: 37929093 PMCID: PMC10621014 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cerrado biome is the world's largest and most diversified tropical savanna. Despite its diversity, there remains a paucity of scientific discussion and evidence about the medicinal use of Cerrado plants. One of the greatest challenges is the complexity of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, present in those plants and their extraction, purification, and characterization, which involves a wide range of approaches, tools, and techniques. Notwithstanding these difficulties, the search for accurately proven medicinal plants against cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide, has contributed to this growing area of research. This study set out to extract, purify, and characterize 3-O-methylquercetin isolated from the plant Strychnos pseudoquina A.St.-Hil. (Loganiaceae) and to test it for antiproliferative activity and selectivity against different tumor and nontumor human cell lines. A combined-method approach was employed using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and theoretical calculations to extensively characterize this bioflavonoid. 3-O-methylquercetin melts around 275 °C and crystallizes in a nonplanar conformation with an angle of 18.02° between the pyran ring (C) and the phenyl ring (B), unlike quercetin and luteolin, which are planar. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of 3-O-methylquercetin was compared with data from quercetin, luteolin, and cisplatin, showing that structural differences influenced the antiproliferative activity and the selectivity against different tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna C. Silva
- Laboratório
de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica
de Goiás, 75083-515 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Gracielle Cunha
- Laboratório
de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Estadual
de Goiás, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Firmino
- Laboratório
Multiusuário de Cristalografia Estrutural, Instituto de Física
de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Loide O. Sallum
- Laboratório
de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica
de Goiás, 75083-515 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Antônio Menezes
- Laboratório
de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Estadual
de Goiás, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Jocely Dutra
- Laboratório
de Estrutura e Reatividade de Compostos Inorgânicos, Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João de Araujo-Neto
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Catálise e Farmacologia, Instituto
de Química, Universidade de São
Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Laboratório
de Estrutura e Reatividade de Compostos Inorgânicos, Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Laboratório
Multiusuário de Cristalografia Estrutural, Instituto de Física
de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton B. Napolitano
- Grupo
de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
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9
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Zhang L, Yan Y, Zhu J, Xia X, Yuan G, Li S, Deng B, Luo X. Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:4972. [PMID: 37446632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Inspired by the similar structural and antioxidant characters of plant flavonoids to hydro-menaquinone (MKH2), we deduced that the quinone pool is probably a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. To verify this, twelve plant flavonoids with six structural subtypes were preliminarily selected, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive bacteria were predicted from the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria. The results showed they have different antimicrobial activities. After their MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were determined using the broth microdilution method, nine compounds with MICs ranging from 2 to 4096 μg/mL or more than 1024 μg/mL were eventually selected, and then their MICs against S. aureus were determined interfered with different concentrations of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and the MKs extracted from S. aureus. The results showed that the greater the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids were, the more greatly their antibacterial activities decreased along with the increase in the interfering concentrations of MK-4 (from 2 to 256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (from 4 to 512 μg/mL), while those with the MICs equal to or more than 512 μg/mL decreased a little or remained unchanged. In particular, under the interference of MK-4 (256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (512 μg/mL), the MICs of α-mangostin, a compound with the greatest inhibitory activity to S. aureus out of these twelve plant flavonoids, increased by 16 times and 8 to 16 times, respectively. Based on the above, it was proposed that the quinone pool is a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves multiple mechanisms including some enzyme and non-enzyme inhibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xinrong Luo
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Tang Y, Yu P, Chen L. Identification of Antibacterial Components and Modes in the Methanol-Phase Extract from a Herbal Plant Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081640. [PMID: 37107435 PMCID: PMC10137656 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance and the decline in the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents are challenging issues for the control of infectious diseases. Traditional Chinese herbal plants are potential sources of new or alternative medicine. Here, we identified antimicrobial components and action modes of the methanol-phase extract from an edible herb Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn, which had a 68.18% inhibition rate against 22 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was purified using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC), and three separated fragments (Fragments 1-3) were obtained. Fragment 1 significantly elevated cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability but reduced membrane fluidity, disrupting the cell integrity of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens tested (p < 0.05). Sixty-six compounds in Fragment 1 were identified using Ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The identified oxymorphone (6.29%) and rutin (6.29%) were predominant in Fragment 1. Multiple cellular metabolic pathways were altered by Fragment 1, such as the repressed ABC transporters, protein translation, and energy supply in two representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains (p < 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrates that Fragment 1 from P. kleiniana Wight et Arn is a promising candidate for antibacterial medicine and food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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11
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Tunca-Pinarli Y, Benek A, Turu D, Bozyel ME, Canli K, Altuner EM. Biological Activities and Biochemical Composition of Endemic Achillea fraasii. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040978. [PMID: 37110401 PMCID: PMC10144759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities and the biochemical composition of Achillea fraasii. The antimicrobial activity of A. fraasii ethanol extract (AFEt) was tested against 48 strains, and this is the first study testing the antimicrobial activity of this plant to this extent. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, and the antibiofilm activity of A. fraasii aqueous extract (AFAq) against five strains was assessed. The chemical composition of the plant extract was determined using GC-MS with artemisia ketone (19.41%) as the main component. The findings indicated that AFEt displayed antimicrobial activity against 38 strains, with a particular efficacy observed against various Staphylococcus aureus strains, such as S. aureus ATCC 25923, clinically isolated, multidrug resistant (MDR), and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. In addition, the highest activity was observed against Enterococcus faecium. Moreover, the extract demonstrated activity against Candida strains. The plant extract also showed relatively good antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid, with an EC50 value of 55.52 µg/mL. However, AFAq acted as a biofilm activator against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, increasing the biofilm formation by 2.63-fold. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of A. fraasii as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Tunca-Pinarli
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye
| | - Atakan Benek
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Türkiye
| | - Dilay Turu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Eray Bozyel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Türkiye
| | - Kerem Canli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye
- Fauna and Flora Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35390, Türkiye
| | - Ergin Murat Altuner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Türkiye
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12
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Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, a Flavonoid Compound, Promotes Melanogenesis through the Upregulation of MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054780. [PMID: 36902210 PMCID: PMC10003212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound produced by various plants with reported antiprotozoal potential against E. histolytica and G. lamblia; however, its effects on skin pigment regulation have not been studied in detail. In this investigation, we discovered that quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-D-glucopyranoside (coded as CC7) demonstrated a more increased melanogenesis effect in B16 cells. CC7 exhibited no cytotoxicity or effective stimulating melanin content or intracellular tyrosinase activity. This melanogenic-promoting effect was accompanied by activated expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key melanogenic regulatory factor, melanogenic enzymes, and tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and 2 (TRP-2) in the CC7-treated cells. Mechanistically, we found that CC7 exerted melanogenic effects by upregulating the phosphorylation of stress-regulated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the CC7 upregulation of phosphor-protein kinase B (Akt) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) increased the content of β-catenin in the cell cytoplasm, and subsequently, it translocated into the nucleus, resulting in melanogenesis. Specific inhibitors of P38, JNK, and Akt validated that CC7 promotes melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by regulating the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our results support that the CC7 regulation of melanogenesis involves MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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13
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Chen X, Zheng X, Fan C, Song Q, Tian Z, Huang D, Li Y, Meng F, Chang Y, Wei X, Fei P. Antibacterial Pattern of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Pomace Crude Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Its Application in Preservation of Cooked Beef. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:110-119. [PMID: 36893329 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common foodborne pathogen and spoilage bacterium in meat products. To develop a natural preservative for meat products, this study revealed the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace crude extract (RRPCE) against S. aureus, and applied RRPCE to the preservation of cooked beef. The diameter of inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericide concentration of RRPCE against S. aureus were 15.85 ± 0.35 to 16.21 ± 0.29 mm, 1.5 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. The growth curve of S. aureus was completely stalled by treatment with RRPCE at 2 MIC. RRPCE results in the decrease of intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, depolarization of cell membrane, leakage of cell fluid including nucleic acid and protein, and destruction of cell membrane integrity and cell morphology. During storage, RRPCE significantly reduced S. aureus viable counts, pH, and total volatile basic nitrogen of cooked beef compared with untreated samples (p < 0.05). In addition, RRPCE could significantly increase the redness (a*) value, decrease lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, and slow down the color change of cooked beef (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RRPCE can effectively inhibit S. aureus, and has the potential as a natural preservative for the preservation of cooked beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuyan Zheng
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Chengwei Fan
- School of Zhang Zhongjing Health Care and Food, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Qianhua Song
- School of Zhang Zhongjing Health Care and Food, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhuxi Tian
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Daomei Huang
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhe Chang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Wei
- Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Zhang Zhongjing Health Care and Food, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
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14
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Zhou H, Chen L, Ouyang K, Zhang Q, Wang W. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of flavonoids from Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. and its transcriptome analysis against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1103476. [PMID: 36704556 PMCID: PMC9871464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. (FCS) possess many biological activities, but the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids from Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. (FCS) is still unknown. Method Maximum diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ), maximum diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ), the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and the lowest minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) were used to detect the antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, related enzyme activities, the transcriptome analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were used to investigate the antibacterial activity mechanisms. Results The results showed that FCS (with a purity of 84.2 ± 2.0%) has potential effects on tested strains with the maximum diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) was 15.93 ± 2.63 mm, the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was 1.56 mg/ml and the lowest minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) was 6.25 mg/ml. In addition, the bacterial growth curve test, release of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP), loss of intracellular components, DNA damage and transmission electron microscope (TEM) suggested that FCS could destroy the cell wall and membrane, cause the loss of intracellular substance, cause DNA damage and even lead to cell death. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism of FCS against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive bacteria) was further confirmed by the transcriptome analysis and quantitative RT-PCR at the molecular level for the first time. A total of 671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after treated with FCS (1/2 MIC), with 338 and 333 genes showing up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. The highlighted changes were those related to the biosynthesis of bacteria wall and membrane, DNA replication and repair, and energy metabolism. Discussion Overall, our research provides theoretical guidance for the application of FCS, which is expected to be potentially used as a natural antimicrobial agent in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Wenjun Wang, ✉
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15
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu X, Chen X, Chen R. Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Chiral A-Ring Flavonoid Containing Compounds: Structure, Bioactivities, and Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010365. [PMID: 36615559 PMCID: PMC9822200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of natural polyphenolic substances that are abundant in vegetables, fruits, grains, and tea. Chiral A-ring-containing flavonoids are an important group of natural flavonoid derivatives applicable in a wide range of biological activities such as, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition. The desirable development of chiral A-ring-containing flavonoids by isolation, semi-synthesis or total synthesis in a short duration proves their great value in medicinal chemistry research. In this review, the research progress of chiral A-ring-containing flavonoids, including isolation and extraction, structural identification, pharmacological activities, and synthetic methods, is comprehensively and systematically summarized. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for future research on the synthesis and biomedical applications of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | | | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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16
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LC-MS/MS and GC-MS based phytochemical perspectives and antimicrobial effects of endophytic fungus Chaetomium ovatoascomatis isolated from Euphorbia milii. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:661. [PMID: 36192448 PMCID: PMC9529702 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Euphorbia milii was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular yeast, and filamentous fungi. Chaetomium ovatoascomatis NRC was identified morphologically and genetically as the most active strain. The total ethyl acetate extract of C. ovatoascomatis NRC demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric, and fungi; Aspergillus niger with MIC of 62.5 ug/ml. Whereas n-hexane fraction demonstrated broader activity against Gram-positive; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus cereus, Gram-negative; Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteric, fungi; Candida albicans and F. solani. LC–MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate strain extract and GC–MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction were used to identify the metabolites of the strain extract. LC–MS/MS determined three major metabolites with potential antimicrobial activities including grevilline B, aflatoxin G2 and apigenin. GC–MS analysis of n-hexane fraction tentatively identified 30 compounds, where 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester was the major compound.
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17
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Yuan G, Xia X, Guan Y, Yi H, Lai S, Sun Y, Cao S. Antimicrobial Quantitative Relationship and Mechanism of Plant Flavonoids to Gram-Positive Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101190. [PMID: 36297302 PMCID: PMC9611191 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to human health, and new antimicrobial agents are desperately needed. Plant flavonoids are increasingly being paid attention to for their antibacterial activities, for the enhancing of the antibacterial activity of antimicrobials, and for the reversing of AMR. To obtain more scientific and reliable equations, another two regression equations, between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (y) and the lipophilicity parameter ACD/LogP or LogD7.40 (x), were established once again, based on the reported data. Using statistical methods, the best one of the four regression equations, including the two previously reported, with regard to the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria, is y = −0.1285 x6 + 0.7944 x5 + 51.785 x4 − 947.64 x3 + 6638.7 x2 − 21,273 x + 26,087; here, x is the LogP value. From this equation, the MICs of most plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria can be calculated, and the minimum MIC was predicted as approximately 0.9644 μM and was probably from 0.24 to 0.96 μM. This more reliable equation further proved that the lipophilicity is a key factor of plant flavonoids against Gram-positive bacteria; this was further confirmed by the more intuitive evidence subsequently provided. Based on the antibacterial mechanism proposed in our previous work, these also confirmed the antibacterial mechanism: the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, and this involves the damage of the phospholipid bilayers. The above will greatly accelerate the discovery and application of plant flavonoids with remarkable antibacterial activity and the thorough research on their antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0791-83813459
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingying Guan
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Houqin Yi
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shan Lai
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Seng Cao
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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18
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Xu Z. Hybrid Molecules with Potential Activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Part III). Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:992. [PMID: 35899911 DOI: 10.2174/156802662212220630112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, China
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