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Malena K, Rao S, Mosler C. Review of Current Clinical Options for the Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Sr Care Pharm 2024; 39:300-310. [PMID: 39080869 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2024.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Dementia is a disease most prevalent in the older adult population. The cognitive symptoms of dementia include impairments in problem-solving, memory, and language. Some patients experience noncognitive symptoms in addition to the cognitive symptoms of dementia. These noncognitive symptoms are called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia or BPSD. The primary objective of our study was to examine the therapeutic options, guidelines, and clinical considerations for the management of BPSD. The existing literature about BPSD was reviewed with searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and online search platforms. Dysregulation of neurotransmission involving acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin has been shown to cause behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. BPSD can include hallucinations, agitation, delusions, anxiety, apathy, abnormal body movements, irritability, depression, disinhibition, and sleep or appetite changes. Pharmacologic therapies used in the treatment of BPSD include antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants. Treatment can be tailored to the specific noncognitive symptoms that are experienced. The use of these agents may be limited based on recommendations from the Beers Criteria®, STOPP criteria, treatment guidelines, and FDA warnings.
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Hammar LM, Lövenmark A, Swall A. The benefits of caregiver singing and receptive music in dementia care: a qualitative study of professional caregivers' experiences. Arts Health 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38389120 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2024.2320248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For persons with dementia, receptive music may reduce negative expressions and increase positive ones. Caregiver singing (CS) is an intervention aimed at facilitating care situations and involves caregivers singing for or together with persons with dementia during care activities. In the literature, CS is commonly addressed as a music activity rather than a care intervention. The aim was to describe caregivers' experiences of the reactions of persons with dementia when using CS and receptive music in dementia care. METHOD The data comprised three focus group interviews with 12 professional caregivers in dementia care, analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS the analysis resulted in two themes: "CS increases interaction and builds companionship" and "Receptive music soothes, awakens memories and reflects the person's self". CONCLUSION Both CS and receptive music was shown to have positive influences, and while the results were sometimes intertwined, CS was shown to better facilitate problematic care situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marmstål Hammar
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Annica Lövenmark
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Anna Swall
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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3
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Obara K, Mori H, Ihara S, Yoshioka K, Tanaka Y. Inhibitory Actions of Antidepressants, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics on Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:328-333. [PMID: 38296462 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which is often alleviated by treatment with psychotropic drugs, such as antidepressants, hypnotics, and anxiolytics. If these drugs also inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, they may contribute to the suppression of AD progression by increasing brain acetylcholine concentrations. We tested the potential inhibitory effects of 31 antidepressants, 21 hypnotics, and 12 anxiolytics on recombinant human AChE (rhAChE) activity. At a concentration of 10-4 M, 22 antidepressants, 19 hypnotics, and 11 anxiolytics inhibited rhAChE activity by <20%, whereas nine antidepressants (clomipramine, amoxapine, setiptiline, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, and mirtazapine), two hypnotics (triazolam and brotizolam), and one anxiolytic (buspirone) inhibited rhAChE activity by ≥20%. Brotizolam (≥10-6 M) exhibited stronger inhibition of rhAChE activity than the other drugs, with its pIC50 value being 4.57 ± 0.02. The pIC50 values of the other drugs were <4, and they showed inhibitory activities toward rhAChE at the following concentrations: ≥3 × 10-6 M (sertraline and buspirone), ≥10-5 M (amoxapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, mirtazapine, and triazolam), and ≥3 × 10-5 M (clomipramine and setiptiline). Among these drugs, only nefazodone inhibited rhAChE activity within the blood concentration range achievable at clinical doses. Therefore, nefazodone may not only improve the depressive symptoms of BPSD through its antidepressant actions but also slow the progression of cognitive symptoms of AD through its AChE inhibitory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Haruka Mori
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Suzune Ihara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
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Posar SL, Reid A, Heiser DM, Pinon J, Kinzie J. Antipsychotic Drug Reduction through the Implementation of a Neurologically Oriented, Interdisciplinary Psycho-Diagnostic and Antipsychotic Stewardship Program. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1629-1631.e1. [PMID: 37770012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic utilization in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is a major focus of regulatory compliance and a key theme in resident care. This created opportunities for innovations in clinical care of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In a shared initiative with one of our SNF operators, the authors implemented a joint clinician/facility program focused on rigorous clinical diagnosis and "best practices" in clinical care, specifically aimed at assessing and reducing antipsychotic use where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Reid
- GuideStar Eldercare, Crown Point, IN, USA.
| | | | - Jose Pinon
- American Senior Communities, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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5
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Ashrafizadeh H, Gheibizadeh M, Rassouli M, Hajibabaee F, Rostami S. Needs Assessment and the Identification of Palliative Care Dimensions of the Essential Service Package for the Elderly with Alzheimer's Disease: A Mixed Exploratory Study. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE JOURNAL OF NURSING 2023; 31:160-172. [PMID: 37823829 PMCID: PMC10724800 DOI: 10.5152/fnjn.2023.23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the needs and determining the care dimensions of the essential palliative care service package for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD The mixed exploratory study was conducted in three phases. The first phase of the study was conducted in the form of a qualitative study and a literature review. This qualitative research was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 19 qualified caregivers (11 informal caregivers and 8 formal caregivers) The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method by referring to hospitals, nursing homes, and active branches of the Alzheimer's Association in some provinces. In the second phase, the dimensions of palliative care were codified, and in the third phase, the prioritization and the validation of the dimensions of palliative care were performed in the form of two Delphi rounds. RESULTS Based on the results of the first phase of the study, the care dimensions of the service package were placed in eight categories based on National Consensus Project. In the second phase, the needs of Alzheimer's patients were arranged in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 8 parts, with 180 indicators. Then, in the third phase, the dimensions of the palliative care essential package were designed with 74 items in the form of 4 dimensions. CONCLUSION The dimensions of the essential service package of palliative care included a series of interventions as well as physical, psychological, cognitive, and spiritual support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Gheibizadeh
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Nursing Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaee
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Rostami
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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6
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Murayama MA. The past and present of therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's diseases: potential for stem cell therapy. Exp Anim 2023; 72:285-293. [PMID: 36878603 PMCID: PMC10435354 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms, is the most prevalent form of dementia among the elderly. Amyloid aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neural cell loss are the main pathological features. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the development of AD. Some therapeutic agents have shown clinical benefits in patients with AD; however, many of these agents have failed. The degree of neural cell loss is associated with the severity of AD. Adult neurogenesis, which governs cognitive and emotional behaviors, occurs in the hippocampus, and some research groups have reported that neural cell transplantation into the hippocampus improves cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice. Based on these clinical findings, stem cell therapy for patients with AD has recently attracted attention. This review provides past and present therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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7
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Joshi A, Todd S, Finn DP, McClean PL, Wong-Lin K. Multi-dimensional relationships among dementia, depression and prescribed drugs in England and Wales hospitals. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:262. [PMID: 36207697 PMCID: PMC9547465 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a group of symptoms that largely affects older people. The majority of patients face behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) during the course of their illness. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are two of the most prevalent types of dementia. Available medications provide symptomatic benefits and provide relief from BPSD and associated health issues. However, it is unclear how specific dementia, antidepressant, antipsychotic, antianxiety, and mood stabiliser drugs, used in the treatment of depression and dementia subtypes are prescribed in hospital admission, during hospital stay, and at the time of discharge. To address this, we apply multi-dimensional data analytical approaches to understand drug prescribing practices within hospitals in England and Wales. Methods We made use of the UK National Audit of Dementia (NAD) dataset and pre-processed the dataset. We evaluated the pairwise Pearson correlation of the dataset and selected key data features which are highly correlated with dementia subtypes. After that, we selected drug prescribing behaviours (e.g. specific medications at the time of admission, during the hospital stay, and upon discharge), drugs and disorders. Then to shed light on the relations across multiple features or dimensions, we carried out multiple regression analyses, considering the number of dementia, antidepressant, antipsychotic, antianxiety, mood stabiliser, and antiepileptic/anticonvulsant drug prescriptions as dependent variables, and the prescription of other drugs, number of patients with dementia subtypes (AD/VaD), and depression as independent variables. Results In terms of antidepressant drugs prescribed in hospital admission, during stay and discharge, the number of sertraline and venlafaxine prescriptions were associated with the number of VaD patients whilst the number of mirtazapine prescriptions was associated with frontotemporal dementia patients. During admission, the number of lamotrigine prescriptions was associated with frontotemporal dementia patients, and with the number of valproate and dosulepin prescriptions. During discharge, the number of mirtazapine prescriptions was associated with the number of donepezil prescriptions in conjunction with frontotemporal dementia patients. Finally, the number of prescriptions of donepezil/memantine at admission, during hospital stay and at discharge exhibited positive association with AD patients. Conclusion Our analyses reveal a complex, multifaceted set of interactions among prescribed drug types, dementia subtypes, and depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-022-01892-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Stephen Todd
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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8
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Ekiz E, Videler AC, van Alphen SPJ. Feasibility of the Cognitive Model for Behavioral Interventions in Older Adults with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:903-914. [PMID: 32286161 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1740904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop an individually tailored, non-pharmacological treatment model, the Cognitive Model for Behavioral Interventions (CoMBI), for patients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and comorbid maladaptive personality traits (CMPT), and to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.Methods: CoMBI was developed and implemented in two geriatric psychiatric inpatient wards in the Netherlands. In this single-group pretest-posttest, feasibility study, 40 patients with BPSD and CMPT (M = 73.8, SD = 8.5) were treated with CoMBI. BPSD and CMPT were assessed using informant-based questionnaires. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and effect size calculations were conducted to determine differences.Results: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests demonstrated a significant decrease of BPSD with medium (r = 0.45) to large (r = 0.56) effect sizes. CoMBI demonstrated high acceptability and compliance by health-care professionals and family members.Conclusions: CoMBI is a feasible treatment model for challenging behavior in patients with BPSD and CMPT. CoMBI is associated with a significant decrease in challenging behaviors regardless of etiology.Clinical implications: Focusing on personality and associated core needs could have a key role in the non-pharmacological treatment of the elderly with BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Ekiz
- PersonaCura, Clinical Center of Excellence for Personality Disorders and Autism in Older Adults, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Tranzo Department, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Videler
- PersonaCura, Clinical Center of Excellence for Personality Disorders and Autism in Older Adults, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Tranzo Department, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan P J van Alphen
- Clinical Center of Excellence for Personality Disorders in Older Adults, Mondriaan Hospital, Heerlen-Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Kagawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Ueno A, Inomata K, Tezuka M, Osawa T, Yazawa Y, Maeda T, Obi T. Impact of Plasma Donepezil Concentration on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2021; 11:264-272. [PMID: 35082823 PMCID: PMC8739384 DOI: 10.1159/000516938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) detract from the quality of life of not only dementia patients but also their family members and caregivers. Donepezil is used to treat Alzheimer's disease and is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4/5. It is controversial whether donepezil improves or exacerbates BPSD. This study investigated the relationships among BPSD, the pharmacokinetics of donepezil including its metabolite, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, genetic polymorphisms of CYPs and P-glycoprotein, and patient backgrounds in 52 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods BPSD were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), with scores ≥20 points defined as severe BPSD. Plasma donepezil and 6-O-desmethyl donepezil concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Although significant relationships between NPI scores and plasma donepezil concentrations were not seen, none of the 15 patients (29%) with high plasma donepezil concentrations (≥60 ng/mL) developed severe BPSD. Polymorphisms of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 did not influence NPI scores. There were no significant relationships between NPI and patient background factors such as dosing regimen, concomitant use of other drugs, or laboratory test results. Two patients who underwent multiple blood samplings over 2 years showed an inverse correlation between plasma donepezil concentrations and NPI scores. Discussion/Conclusions These results indicate that higher plasma concentrations of donepezil contribute to preventing or alleviating rather than developing or deteriorating BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kagawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Yoshiyuki Kagawa,
| | - Yoshiaki Yamamoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayami Ueno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Inomata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mayu Tezuka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Osawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yazawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Maeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Obi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
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Correia AS, Vale N. Antidepressants in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on the Role of Mirtazapine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090930. [PMID: 34577630 PMCID: PMC8467729 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirtazapine belongs to the category of antidepressants clinically used mainly in major depressive disorder but also used in obsessive-compulsive disorders, generalized anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This drug acts mainly by antagonizing the adrenergic α2, and the serotonergic 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression and agitation, are strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, reducing the life quality of these patients. Thus, it is crucial to control depression in Alzheimer’s patients. For this purpose, drugs such as mirtazapine are important in the control of anxiety, agitation, and other depressive symptoms in these patients. Indeed, despite some contradictory studies, evidence supports the role of mirtazapine in this regard. In this review, we will focus on depression in Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the role of mirtazapine in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Lee JH, Lee CJ, Park J, Lee SJ, Choi SH. The Neuroinflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Stroke. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2021; 11:159-167. [PMID: 34249072 PMCID: PMC8255751 DOI: 10.1159/000516074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Background This review investigated a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a neuroinflammasome competitor. Methods We monitored AD's progression through numeric clinical staging (NCS) with a new biomarker. NCS was determined by the presence of AD symptoms and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms caused by anti-AD (AAD) drugs (D) as a biomarker. We also monitored the function of DDS for stroke in a no-intake emergency state. Results By introducing (D), AD's progression was monitored through NCS staging. AAD side effects and neuropsychiatric symptoms were identified. DDS was stopped in patients with stroke with NCS 6 caused by AAD, and it rapidly proceeded to cerebral infarct. Conclusions AAD can occasionally exacerbate AD and stroke. DDS can alleviate mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD and stroke. We clinically confirmed the role of DDS as a neuroinflammasome competitor after stroke. DDS preserved neuronal survival within 24–55 h in the Seoul Study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jungwuk Park
- Research Center of Integrative Functional Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chungdam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of BioSciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Su-Hee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Poptsi E, Tsolaki M, Bergh S, Cesana BM, Ciccone A, Fabbo A, Frisoni GB, Frölich L, Lavolpe S, Guazzarini AG, Hugon J, Fascendini S, Defanti CA. Rationale, Design, and Methodology of a Prospective Cohort Study for Coping with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: The RECage Project. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1613-1627. [PMID: 33720887 PMCID: PMC8203243 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are quite challenging problems during the dementia course. Special Care Units for people with dementia (PwD) and BPSD (SCU-B) are residential medical structures, where BPSD patients are temporarily admitted, in case of unmanageable behavioral disturbances at home. OBJECTIVE RECage (REspectful Caring for AGitated Elderly) aspires to assess the short and long-term effectiveness of SCU-Bs toward alleviating BPSD and improving the quality of life (QoL) of PwD and their caregivers. METHODS RECage is a three-year, prospective study enrolling 500 PwD. Particularly, 250 community-dwelling PwDs presenting with severe BPSD will be recruited by five clinical centers across Europe, endowed with a SCU-B, for a short period of time; a second similar group of 250 PwD will be followed by six other no-SCU-B centers solely via outpatient visits. RECage's endpoints include short and long-term SCU-B clinical efficacy, QoL of patients and caregivers, cost-effectiveness of the SCU-B, psychotropic drug consumption, caregivers' attitude toward dementia, and time to nursing home placement. RESULTS PwD admitted in SCU-Bs are expected to have diminished rates of BPSD and better QoL and their caregivers are also expected to have better QoL and improved attitude towards dementia, compared to those followed in no-SCU-Bs. Also, the cost of care and the psychotropic drug consumption are expected to be lower. Finally, PwD followed in no-SCU-Bs are expected to have earlier admission to nursing homes. CONCLUSION The cohort study results will refine the SCU-B model, issuing recommendations for implementation of SCU-Bs in the countries where they are scarce or non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Poptsi
- Laboratory of Psychology, Section of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Macedonia, Hellas.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Hellas
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Hellas.,1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Macedonia, Hellas
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Research centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Bruno Mario Cesana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics"Giulio A. Maccacaro" Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Department of Neurology with Neurosurgical Activity "Carlo Poma" Hospital, ASST di Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbo
- Direttore UOC di Geriatria-Disturbi Cognitivi e Demenze, Dipartimento Cure Primarie AUSL, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sara Lavolpe
- Department of Neurology and CDCD Centre Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Guazzarini
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Center of Cognitive Neurology Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Murayama MA, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Ikeda Y, Okada Y, Hirotsu C, Takada E, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Female dominance of both spatial cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Anim 2021; 70:398-405. [PMID: 33840703 PMCID: PMC8390308 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting memory function in elderly persons. Indeed, AD exhibits abnormality in cognitive
behaviors and higher susceptibility to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Various factors including aging, sex difference and NPS severity, are implicated during
in development of AD. In this study, we evaluated behavioral abnormalities of AD model, PDAPP transgenic mice at young age using the Morris Water Maze test,
which was established to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. We found that female AD model mice exhibited spatial learning dysfunction and highly
susceptible to NPS such as anxiety and depression, whereas spatial reference memory function was comparable in female PDAPP Tg mice to female wild type (WT)
mice. Spatial learning function was comparable in male AD model mice to male WT mice. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial learning dysfunction was
associated with NPS severity such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the analysis showed that spatial reference memory function was associated with status
of depression, but not anxiety. Thus, these results suggest female dominance of spatial learning dysfunction in the AD model mice accompanying increased NPS
severity. The understandings of AD model may be useful for the development of therapeutic agents and methods in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.,Present address: Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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Murayama MA, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Okada Y, Hirotsu C, Takada E, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Dementia model mice exhibited improvements of neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction with neural cell transplantation. Exp Anim 2021; 70:387-397. [PMID: 33828024 PMCID: PMC8390309 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients with dementia suffer from cognitive dysfunctions and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as anxiety and depression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
is a form of age-related dementia, and loss of cholinergic neurons is intimately associated with development of AD symptoms. We and others have reported that
neural cell transplantation ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice. It remains largely unclear whether neural cell transplantation ameliorates the
NPS of AD. It would be interesting to determine whether NPS correlates with cognitive dysfunctions before and after neural cell transplantation in AD model
mice. Based on the revalidation of our previous data from a Morris water maze test, we found that neural cell transplantation improved anxiety and depression
significantly and marginally affected locomotion activity in AD mice. A correlation analysis revealed that the spatial learning function of AD mice was
correlated with their NPS scores both before and after cell transplantation in a similar manner. In contrast, in the mice subjected to cell transplantation,
spatial reference memory function was not correlated with NPS scores. These results suggested the neural cell transplantation in the AD model mice significantly
improved NPS to the same degree as cognitive dysfunctions, possibly via distinct mechanisms, such as the cholinergic and GABAergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.,Present address: Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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Youn H, Lee KJ, Kim SG, Cho SJ, Kim WJ, Lee WJ, Hwang JY, Han C, Shin C, Jung HY. The Behavioral Effects of Combination Therapy of Memantine and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Compared with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Alone in Patients with Moderate Alzheimer's Dementia: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:233-240. [PMID: 33685036 PMCID: PMC8016683 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate treatment effects of combination therapy of memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) compared with AchEIs alone on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with moderate Alzheimer's dementia (AD). METHODS This was a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 148 patients with moderate AD participated in this study. Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change plus caregiver input, Gottfries-Bråne-Steen Scale, and Zarit Burden Interview were used as assessment scales. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, or education between AChEIs alone and combination groups. The combination group showed significantly more improvement of NPI-disinhibition score (0.76±2.15) than the AChEIs alone group (-0.14±1.71) after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the combination therapy of memantine and AchEIs might be a beneficial option for reducing disinhibition symptoms of patients with moderate AD compared with AchEIs alone. We believe that clinicians need to consider additional memantine treatment when patients with moderate AD complain disinhibition symptom. A larger clinical trial is needed to further determine the efficacy and advantages of such combination therapy of memantine and AchEIs for treating BPSD of patients with moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Gyeom Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Yong Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Swall A, Hammar LM, Gransjön Craftman Å. Like a bridge over troubled water - a qualitative study of professional caregiver singing and music as a way to enable person-centred care for persons with dementia. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1735092. [PMID: 32212959 PMCID: PMC7170273 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1735092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the perspectives of caregivers in terms of using singing and music in their everyday work, and of their effect on care and interaction with the person with dementia.Methods: A qualitative design was used, consisting of group discussions with professional caregivers from three nursing homes in a medium-sized city in a rural area of Sweden.Results: The results demonstrate that caregiver singing and music can be powerful and useful in the care of and in communication with persons with dementia. Music, for example, can be used to facilitate socialization as it opens up for discussion, while caregiver singing was preferable when it came to the facilitation of care situations and interaction.Conclusions: Singing and music can be powerful and useful tools in the care of and in communication with persons with dementia. Regardless of whether singing or music is used, the most important factor is that a person-centred approach is adopted so as to make the music a facilitative tool. Caregiver singing and music are ways to connect with the person with dementia and an understanding of their use can contribute to dementia research. This in turn can increase awareness of the possible ways to strengthen the partnership between caregivers and persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Swall
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Lena Marmstål Hammar
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Niznik JD, Zhao X, He M, Aspinall SL, Hanlon JT, Nace D, Thorpe JM, Thorpe CT. Impact of deprescribing AChEIs on aggressive behaviors and antipsychotic prescribing. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:630-640. [PMID: 32052930 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the impact of deprescribing acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on aggressive behaviors and incident antipsychotic use in nursing home (NH) residents with severe dementia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of Medicare claims, Part D, Minimum Data Set for NH residents aged 65+ with severe dementia receiving AChEIs in 2016. Aggressive behaviors were measured using the aggressive behavior scale (ABS; n = 30,788). Incident antipsychotic prescriptions were evaluated among antipsychotic non-users (n = 25,188). Marginal structural models and inverse probability of treatment weights were used to evaluate associations of AChEI deprescribing and outcomes. RESULTS The severity of aggressive behaviors was low at baseline (mean ABS = 0.5) and was not associated with deprescribing AChEIs (0.002 increase in ABS, P = .90). Incident antipsychotic prescribing occurred in 5.1% of residents and was less likely with AChEI deprescribing (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52 [0.40-0.68], P <.001]). DISCUSSION Deprescribing AChEIs was not associated with a worsening of aggressive behaviors or incident antipsychotic prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Niznik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meiqi He
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sherrie L Aspinall
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,VA Center for Medication Safety, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph T Hanlon
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Division, Kaufmann Medical Building, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Nace
- Geriatric Division, Kaufmann Medical Building, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua M Thorpe
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn T Thorpe
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, University Drive (151C), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Sajatovic M. Commentary on "Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship Closeness is Associated With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia". Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:360-362. [PMID: 30595491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sajatovic
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland; Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.
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Rehabilitation strategy for hip fracture, focused on behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia for older people with cognitive impairment: A nationwide Japan rehabilitation database. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200143. [PMID: 29975757 PMCID: PMC6033436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to investigate the relationship between a positive outcome on rehabilitation after hip fracture and behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) transition during rehabilitation. This study is a retrospective cohort study based on the Japan Rehabilitation Database. We recruited 756 subjects 65 years of age or older from 31 hospitals in the database. All subjects were in the hospital as patients undergoing rehabilitation for hip fracture. Functional independence measure (FIM), walking ability, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and BPSD were measured both at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation. MMSE for 23 or under was defined as the cognitive-impaired group. MMSE for 24 or over was used as the cognitively intact group. Cognitive impaired participants were divided into four groups: participants presented no BPSD both at the beginning of rehabilitation and at the end of rehabilitation (Group (-/-)), participants presented BPSD at the beginning of rehabilitation but resolved at the end of rehabilitation (Group (+/-)), participants had no BPSD at the beginning of rehabilitation but appeared at the end of rehabilitation (Group (-/+)) and participants had sign of BPSD both at the beginning of rehabilitation and at the end of rehabilitation (Group (+/+)). The endpoints were waking ability, FIM gain. As results, one hundred thirty-seven cognitive-impaired older people patients out of 471 (29.1%) suffered from BPSD at the beginning of rehabilitation. FIM gains in cognitively intact group, Group (-/-), Group (+/-), Group (-/+) and Group (+/+) were 24.8 ± 18.7, 17.5 ± 16.9, 27.3 ± 19.7, 17.8 ± 12.2 and 12.2 ± 17.2, respectively. The Group (+/-) was significantly connected to a positive outcome for rehabilitation. The present study suggested that the management of BPSD can lead to better functional recovery during rehabilitation.
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Gerritsen AA, Bakker C, Verhey FR, Bor H, Pijnenburg YA, de Vugt ME, Koopmans RT. The Progression of Dementia and Cognitive Decline in a Dutch 2-Year Cohort Study of People with Young-Onset Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:343-351. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrie A.J. Gerritsen
- De Wever, Centre for Elderly Care, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Bakker
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Florence, Mariahoeve, Centre for Specialized Care in Young-onset Dementia, Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans R.J. Verhey
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bor
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E. de Vugt
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond T.C.M. Koopmans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Joachim en Anna, Centre for Specialized Geriatric Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Taipale H, Gomm W, Broich K, Maier W, Tolppanen AM, Tanskanen A, Tiihonen J, Hartikainen S, Haenisch B. Use of Antiepileptic Drugs and Dementia Risk-an Analysis of Finnish Health Register and German Health Insurance Data. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1123-1129. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Taipale
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Kuopio Research Center for Geriatric Care, School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Willy Gomm
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Bonn Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices; Bonn Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Antti Tanskanen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Sirpa Hartikainen
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Kuopio Research Center for Geriatric Care, School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
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Baeta-Corral R, Johansson B, Giménez-Llort L. Long-term Treatment with Low-Dose Caffeine Worsens BPSD-Like Profile in 3xTg-AD Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease and Affects Mice with Normal Aging. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:79. [PMID: 29497377 PMCID: PMC5818407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee or caffeine has recently been suggested as prophylaxis for dementia. Although memory problems are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, this dementia is also characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms called Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). The impact of preventive/therapeutic strategies on both cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms can be addressed in the 3xTg-AD mice, since they exhibit cognitive but also BPSD-like profiles. Here, we studied the long-term effects of a low dose of caffeine in male 3xTg-AD mice and as compared to age-matched non-transgenic (NTg) counterparts with normal aging. Animals were treated (water or caffeine in drinking water) from adulthood (6 months of age) until middle-aged (13 months of age), that in 3xTg-AD mice correspond to onset of cognitive impairment and advanced stages, respectively. The low caffeine dosing used (0.3 mg/ml) was previously found to give a plasma concentration profile in mice roughly equivalent to that of a human coffee drinker. There were significant effects of caffeine on most behavioral variables, especially those related to neophobia and other anxiety-like behaviors, emotionality, and cognitive flexibility. The 3xTg-AD and NTg mice were differently influenced by caffeine. Overall, the increase of neophobia and other anxiety-related behaviors resulted in an exacerbation of BPSD-like profile in 3xTg-AD mice. Learning and memory, strongly influenced by anxiety in 3xTg-AD mice, got little benefit from caffeine, only shown after a detailed analysis of navigation strategies. The worsened pattern in NTg mice and the use of search strategies in 3xTg-AD mice make both groups more similar. Circadian motor activity showed genotype differences, which were found to be enhanced by caffeine. Selective effects of caffeine on NTg were found in the modulation of behaviors related to emotional profile and risk assessment. Caffeine normalized splenomegaly of 3xTg-AD mice, a physical indicator of their impaired peripheral immune system, and trended to increase their corticosterone levels. Our observations of adverse caffeine effects in an Alzheimer's disease model together with previous clinical observations suggest that an exacerbation of BPSD-like symptoms may partly interfere with the beneficial cognitive effects of caffeine. These results are relevant when coffee-derived new potential treatments for dementia are to be devised and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baeta-Corral
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Johansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
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Dextrometorphan-Paroxetine, But Not Dronabinol, Effective for Treatment-Resistant Aggression and Agitation in an Elderly Patient With Lewy Body Dementia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 37:745-747. [PMID: 29035934 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Ahunca Velásquez LF. [Beyond Cognitive Impairment: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Neurodegenerative Dementias]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 46 Suppl 1:51-58. [PMID: 29037339 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, the number of people diagnosed with neurodegenerative dementia also increases. Although cognitive impairment is central in dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are very important because they increase both direct and indirect costs by generating greater morbidity, caregiver distress, use of medication and institutionalisation. Furthermore, it is important to understand the nature of NPS, since they can vary across the different types of dementia and may provide useful clinical information regarding the aetiology of cognitive impairment. The first-line management of NPS in dementia is non-pharmacological; internal and external causes should first be identified and strategies developed to modify the behavioural patterns of the patient and their caregiver. In addition, changes in the patient's surroundings that may improve patient performance and behaviour should be encouraged. If these practices are not satisfactory, a pharmacological treatment approach is adopted that includes anti-dementia drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilisers and benzodiazepines. However, psychoactive drugs do not offer sufficient efficacy and most of them have significant adverse effects, so each patient should be individually assessed, together with the implementation of non-pharmacological strategies, before deciding on pharmacological treatment for the management of NPS in dementia.
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Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, Melatonin, and Benzodiazepines for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: a Systematic Review of Meta-analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-017-0104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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