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Batheja S, Gupta S, Tejavath KK, Gupta U. TPP-based conjugates: potential targeting ligands. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103983. [PMID: 38641237 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the major sources of energy as well as regulators of cancer cell metabolism. Thus, they are potential targets for the effective treatment and management of cancer. Research has explored triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives as potent cancer-targeting ligands because of their lipophilic nature and mitochondrial affinity. In this review, we summarize the utility of TPP-based conjugates targeting mitochondria in different types of cancer and other diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Such conjugates offer versatile therapeutic potential by modulating membrane potential, influencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and coupling of molecular modifications (such as ATP metabolism and energy metabolism). Thus, we highlight TPP conjugates as promising mitochondria-targeting agents for use in targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Batheja
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, BIBINAGAR, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR), Telangana 508126, India.
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India.
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Affourtit C, Carré JE. Mitochondrial involvement in sarcopenia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14107. [PMID: 38304924 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia lowers the quality-of-life for millions of people across the world, as accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function contributes to both age- and disease-related frailty. Physical activity remains the only proven therapy for sarcopenia to date, but alternatives are much sought after to manage this progressive muscle disorder in individuals who are unable to exercise. Mitochondria have been widely implicated in the etiology of sarcopenia and are increasingly suggested as attractive therapeutic targets to help restore the perturbed balance between protein synthesis and breakdown that underpins skeletal muscle atrophy. Reviewing current literature, we note that mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in sarcopenia are generally interpreted as intrinsic dysfunction that renders muscle cells incapable of making sufficient ATP to fuel protein synthesis. Based on the reported mitochondrial effects of therapeutic interventions, however, we argue that the observed bioenergetic changes may instead reflect an adaptation to pathologically decreased energy expenditure in sarcopenic muscle. Discrimination between these mechanistic possibilities will be crucial for improving the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane E Carré
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Günther M, Dabare S, Fuchs J, Gunesch S, Hofmann J, Decker M, Culmsee C. Flavonoid-Phenolic Acid Hybrids Are Potent Inhibitors of Ferroptosis via Attenuation of Mitochondrial Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 38247469 PMCID: PMC10812788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and the flavonoids quercetin and taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) are naturally occurring compounds found in plants. They are often referred to as polyphenols and are known, among others, for their pharmacological effects supporting health through the inhibition of aging processes and oxidative stress. To improve their bioavailability, pharmacological activities, and safety, the creation of novel flavonoid-phenolic acid hybrids is an area of active research. Previous work showed that such hybridization products of phenolic acids and flavonoids enhanced the resilience of neuronal cells against oxidative stress in vitro, and attenuated cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo. Notably, the therapeutic effects of the hybrid compounds we obtained were more pronounced than the protective activities of the respective individual components. The underlying mechanisms mediated by the flavonoid-phenolic acid hybrids, however, remained unclear and may differ from the signaling pathways activated by the originating structures of the respective individual phenolic acids or flavonoids. In this study, we characterized the effects of four previously described potent flavonoid-phenolic acid hybrids in models of oxidative cell death through ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial ROS generation and has been linked to neurodegenerative conditions. In models of ferroptosis induced by erastin or RSL3, we analyzed mitochondrial (lipid) peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane integrity, and Ca2+ regulation. Our results demonstrate the strong protective effects of the hybrid compounds against ROS formation in the cytosol and mitochondria. Importantly, these protective effects against ferroptosis were not mediated by radical scavenging activities of the phenolic hybrid compounds but through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Our data highlight the effects of flavonoid-phenolic acid hybrids on mitochondrial metabolism and further important mitochondrial parameters that collectively determine the health and functionality of mitochondria with a high impact on the integrity and survival of the neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Samentha Dabare
- Marburg Center of Mind, Brain, and Behavior—CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Fuchs
- Marburg Center of Mind, Brain, and Behavior—CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Julian Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Marburg Center of Mind, Brain, and Behavior—CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Van de Roovaart HJ, Nguyen N, Veenstra TD. Huntington's Disease Drug Development: A Phase 3 Pipeline Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1513. [PMID: 38004378 PMCID: PMC10674993 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in which sufferers exhibit different combinations of movement disorders, dementia, and behavioral or psychiatric abnormalities. The disorder is a result of a trinucleotide repeat expansion mutation that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. While there is currently no treatment to alter the course of HD, there are medications that lessen abnormal movement and psychiatric symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify drugs that are currently in or have completed phase III drug trials for the treatment of HD. The described phase III trials were further limited to interventional studies that were recruiting, active not recruiting, or completed. In addition, all studies must have posted an update within the past year. PubMed was used to gather further information on these interventional studies. Of the nine clinical trials that met these criteria, eight involved the following drugs: metformin, dextromethorphan/quinidine, deutetrabenazine, valbenazine, Cellavita HD, pridopidine, SAGE-718, and RO7234292 (RG6042). Of these drug treatments, four are already FDA approved. This systematic review provides a resource that summarizes the present therapies for treating this devastating condition that are currently in phase III clinical trials in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy D. Veenstra
- School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH 45314, USA; (H.J.V.d.R.); (N.N.)
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Uddin MS, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf GM. Mitochondrial Medicine for Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1024-1025. [PMID: 37203188 PMCID: PMC10286594 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x2105230320095644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Fei X, Wang S, Li J, Zeng Q, Gao Y, Hu Y. Bibliometric analysis of research on Alzheimer’s disease and non-coding RNAs: Opportunities and challenges. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1037068. [PMID: 36329875 PMCID: PMC9623309 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1037068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are a kind of RNA that does not encode protein, which play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is a lack of bibliometric analysis and visualization analysis of the research related to AD and ncRNAs. Materials and methods Literature related to AD and ncRNAs in the last decade were searched through the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The relevant information from all the searched articles was collected. The bibliometric visualization website, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used for visualization analysis of countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords. Results In total, 1,613 kinds of literature were published in the field. Literature in this field were published in 494 journals. The Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease was the most popular journal. China, Louisiana State University System, and Lukiw WJ were the countries/regions, institutions, and authors with the highest scientific productivity, respectively. The research hotspots in this field focused on the role and mechanism of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs, in AD. The level of research was mainly based on basic research, focusing on animal and cellular levels, and related to proteomics. “Circular RNAs,” “regulation of neuroinflammation,” and “tau protein” were the future research directions. Conclusion Taken together, the field of AD and ncRNAs is developing well. The research hotspots and frontiers in this field can provide a reference for researchers to choose their research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Fei
- Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiu Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yaqian Gao,
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Yue Hu,
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