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Singh G, Kajal K, Pradhan T, Bhurta D, Monga V. The medicinal perspective of 2,4-thiazolidinediones based ligands as antimicrobial, antitumor and antidiabetic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100517. [PMID: 35715383 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD), commonly known as glitazone, is a ubiquitous heterocyclic pharmacophore possessing a plethora of pharmacological activities and offering a vast opportunity for structural modification. The diverse range of biological activities endowed with a novel mode of action, low cost, and easy synthesis has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. Several researchers have integrated the TZD core with different structural fragments to develop a wide range of lead molecules against various clinical disorders. The most common sites for structural modifications at the 2,4-TZD nucleus are the N-3 and the active methylene at C-5. The review covers the recent development of TZD derivatives such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agents. Various 2,4-TZD based agents or drugs, which are either under clinical development or in the market, are discussed in the study. Different synthetic methodologies for synthesizing the 2,4-TZD core are also included in the manuscript. The importance of various substitutions at N-3 and C-5 and the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are also discussed. We hope this study will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community engaged in the structural exploitation of the 2,4-TZD core for developing novel drug m\olecules for life-threatening ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Kajal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Tathagata Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Jiang H, Zhou XE, Shi J, Zhou Z, Zhao G, Zhang X, Sun Y, Suino-Powell K, Ma L, Gao H, Yu X, Li J, Li J, Melcher K, Xu HE, Yi W. Identification and structural insight of an effective PPARγ modulator with improved therapeutic index for anti-diabetic drug discovery. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2260-2268. [PMID: 32190280 PMCID: PMC7059199 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and an important target for the development of modern anti-diabetic drugs. However, current PPARγ-targeting anti-diabetic drugs such as classical thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are associated with undesirable side effects. To address this concern, we here describe the structure-based design, synthesis, identification and detailed in vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel, decanoic acid (DA)-based and selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARγM), VSP-77, especially (S)-VSP-77, as the potential "hit" for the development of improved and safer anti-diabetic therapeutics. We have also determined the co-crystal structure of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with two molecules of (S)-VSP-77, which reveal a previously undisclosed allosteric binding mode. Overall, these findings not only demonstrate the therapeutic advantage of (S)-VSP-77 over current TZD drugs and representative partial agonist INT131, but also provide a rational basis for the development of future SPPARγMs as safe and highly efficacious anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China . .,National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . ;
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Structural Biology Program , Center for Cancer and Cell Biology , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , USA
| | - Jingjing Shi
- VARI/SIMM Center , Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets , CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China .
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China .
| | - Guanguan Zhao
- VARI/SIMM Center , Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets , CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China .
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . ;
| | - Yili Sun
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . ;
| | - Kelly Suino-Powell
- Structural Biology Program , Center for Cancer and Cell Biology , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China .
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China .
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China .
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . ;
| | - Jingya Li
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . ;
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Structural Biology Program , Center for Cancer and Cell Biology , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China . .,VARI/SIMM Center , Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets , CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China . .,Structural Biology Program , Center for Cancer and Cell Biology , Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , USA
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology , State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China . .,VARI/SIMM Center , Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets , CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China .
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