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You X, Wang B, Wen F, Li Z. Construction of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines and pyrimido[1,2- b]indazoles with calcium carbide as an alkyne source. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5822-5826. [PMID: 38953741 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the construction of 5-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines using calcium carbide as a solid alkyne source instead of flammable and explosive gaseous acetylene, pyrazole-3-amine and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes as starting materials in the presence of a copper mediator is described. Meanwhile, 2-arylpyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles are also synthesized under similar conditions using indazole-3-amine as a substitute for pyrazole-3-amine as a starting material. The method has salient features such as the use of an inexpensive and easy-to-handle alkyne source, commercially available substrates, wide functional group tolerance, a low-cost mediator, and simple workup procedures. This protocol can also be extended to gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Botao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Wen
- Yellow River Basin Ecotope Integration of Industry and Education Research Institute, Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University, Lanzhou 730022, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE, Osman AMA. Developments of pyridodipyrimidine heterocycles and their biological activities. Mol Divers 2024; 28:927-964. [PMID: 36840839 PMCID: PMC9959960 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The entitled review aimed to assemble and highlight the synthetic approaches and biological aspects of heterocycles with pyridodipyrimidine motifs. The recent synthetic approaches were categorized according to the accomplishments of the approaches under catalyst or catalyst-free conditions. The topic involved the synthesis of substituted tricyclic systems and spirocyclic systems. The present study offered an overview of the recent literature in addition to a scope of the preceding literature. The proposed mechanisms of the varied target products were discussed. Pyridodipyrimidine displayed potential and privileged cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial performances. The competitions, challenges, and prospects are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Faculty of Science, Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ayman Y. El-Khateeb
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Sahar E. Hamed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052 Egypt
| | - Amany M. A. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
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Hammouda MM, Rashed MM, Elattar KM, Osman AMA. Synthetic strategies of heterocycle-integrated pyridopyrimidine scaffolds supported by nano-catalysts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11600-11634. [PMID: 37063723 PMCID: PMC10103583 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-catalysts are of special character for the synthesis of organic molecules with high efficiency, and exceptional physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to present an overview of the literature reports concerning the synthetic strategies supported by nano-catalysts and the biological features of heterocycle-integrated pyridopyrimidine scaffolds. The basic topics include the strategies that were adopted to prepare pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines. The synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines was attained through two-, three-, or four-component reactions. The synthesis of spirocyclic systems, including spiro[indoline-pyridopyrimidine] derivatives and arylation reactions, was investigated. The anticipated mechanisms of the diverse target products, in addition to the preparation of the nanocatalysts, were scrutinized. The privileged antimicrobial characteristics, challenges, literature overview, and future prospectives were consistently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Marwa M Rashed
- Toxicology Department, Mansoura Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +20-1010655354
| | - Amany M A Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt
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Ahmed EA, Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA. Synthesis of new sulfapyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2175694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sang T, Li C, Jia F, He J, Liu Y, Vaccaro L, Liu J, Liu P. Halogenation of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines with NXS. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2144906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Chuntian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Fan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C. – Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jichang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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