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Nasr Azadani F, Madani M, Karimi J, Sepahvand S. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Fusarium oxysporum and its Function Against Aspergillus and Fusarium Fungi. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:213-224. [PMID: 38468735 PMCID: PMC10924849 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(NPs) can be produced by various methods such as physical and chemical processes. However, environmentally friendly ways are increasingly requested. In this research, (Ag-NPs) were produced by Fusarium oxysporum, and its antifungal effect on Aspergillus and Fusarium was investigated. Nanoparticles were produced by silver nitrate salt and Fusarium oxysporum native to Isfahan city. In order to optimize the synthesis conditions, optimization of some factors such as volume, concentration, time, temperature, and pH of the extract was performed. The structural and physical properties of NPs were determined by spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR FESEM, SEM, and TEM microscopy. For the study of the inhibitory effect of NPs on Fusarium and Aspergillus growth, the fungi were cultured in media containing various concentrations of NPs from 50 to 1500 ppm. Then, the colony diameter was measured for over 10 days and the growth inhibition percentage was estimated. For statistical analysis, the 600 Mann-Whitney tests have been applied.The NPs were produced after mixing the powdered fungal mass and silver nitrate salt in optimum conditions which were 2 mM of salt, triple fungal mass volume proportion relative to the salt, pH of 9, and temperature of 28 °C. The existence of a peak at 420 nm in FTIR was due to nanoparticle production. Based on the XRD, the synthesized NPs had suitable properties similar to the standard NPs reported in the studies. Images from TEM, SEM, and FESEM microscopes displayed uniform NPs in variable sizes between 25 and 100 nm. According to the results, the maximum growth inhibition percentage of Ag-NPs on Fusarium was approximately 60% at 1500 ppm, and 88% on Aspergillus at 800 ppm. Biosynthesized Ag-NPs with Fusarium oxysporum have desirable structural traits and can inhibit the growth of Fusarium and Aspergillus at significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Nasr Azadani
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Madani
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454 Iran
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz, 714545 Iran
| | - Shahriar Sepahvand
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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A novel nanotechnological mucoadhesive and fast-dissolving film for vaginal delivery of clotrimazole: design, characterization, and in vitro antifungal action. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2907-2919. [PMID: 35499713 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan (PUL) films containing pomegranate seed oil and Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules loaded with clotrimazole (CTZ-NC-PUL) were developed to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Our findings showed that the nanocapsule average diameter was around 163 ± 4 nm, with polydispersity index values of up to 0.1 ± 0.01 and positively charged zeta potential (+ 43.5 ± 0.7 mV). The pH was in the acid range (5.14 ± 0.12) and encapsulation efficiency was around 99.6%; CTZ nanoencapsulation promoted higher homogeneity values for the film (91%), and the stability studies displayed no changes in the drug content after 120 days for the CTZ-NC-PUL under refrigerated conditions. All formulations were considered non-irritant, and CTZ-NC-PUL promoted a controlled release of the drug (60% in 24 h) compared to CTZ-PUL (100% in 8 h). The permeation results corroborate the drug release, where higher CTZ amounts were found in the mucosa and receptor medium for CTZ-PUL (21.02 and 4.46 μg/cm2). The films were fast dissolving (10 min), and CTZ-NC-PUL presented higher mucoadhesive properties; the antifungal activity against Candida albicans was maintained, and the in vitro efficacy of the film was proved. In conclusion, CTZ-NC-PUL formulation was considered promising and suitable for vaginal application against candida-related infections.
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Yadav TC, Gupta P, Saini S, Mohiyuddin S, Pruthi V, Prasad R. Plausible Mechanistic Insights in Biofilm Eradication Potential against Candida spp. Using In Situ-Synthesized Tyrosol-Functionalized Chitosan Gold Nanoparticles as a Versatile Antifouling Coating on Implant Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8350-8363. [PMID: 35309435 PMCID: PMC8928565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, tyrosol-functionalized chitosan gold nanoparticles (Chi-TY-AuNPs) were prepared as an alternative treatment strategy to combat fungal infections. Various biophysical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Chi-TY-AuNPs. The antifungal and antibiofilm activities of Chi-TY-AuNPs were evaluated against Candida albicans and C. glabrata, and efforts have been made to elucidate the possible mechanism of action. Chi-TY-AuNPs showed a high fungicidal effect against both sessile and planktonic cells of Candida spp. Additionally, Chi-TY-AuNPs completely eradicated (100%) the mature biofilms of both the Candida spp. FESEM analysis highlighted the morphological alterations in Chi-TY-AuNP-treated Candida biofilm cells. The effect of Chi-TY-AuNPs on the ECM components showed significant reduction in protein content in the C. glabrata biofilm and substantial decrease in extracellular DNA content of both the Candida spp. ROS generation analysis using DCFDA-PI staining showed high ROS levels in both the Candida spp., whereas pronounced ROS production was observed in the Chi-TY-AuNP-treated C. glabrata biofilm. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased ergosterol content in Chi-TY-AuNP-treated C. glabrata cells, while inconsequential changes were observed in C. albican s. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of selected genes (ergosterol biosynthesis, efflux, sterol importer, and glucan biogenesis) was reduced in C. glabrata in response to Chi-TY-AuNPs except ERG11 and CDR1. Conclusively, the result showed the biofilm inhibition and biofilm eradication efficacy of Chi-TY-AuNPs in both the Candida spp. Findings of the present study manifest Chi-TY-AuNPs as a potential therapeutic solution to Candida biofilm-related chronic infections and overcome biofilm antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Chand Yadav
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P
P Savani University, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
- . Phone no.: +91-8076260165
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shanid Mohiyuddin
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Nagaraj S, Manivannan S, Narayan S. Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:849-873. [PMID: 34351655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are four major classes of antifungals with the predominant mechanism of action being targeting of cell wall or cell membrane. As in other drugs, low solubility of these compounds has led to low bioavailability in target tissues. Enhanced drug dosages have effects such as toxicity, drug-drug interactions, and increased drug resistance by fungi. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of antifungals, structure, mechanism of action, other usages, and toxic side effects. The emergence of nanoformulations to transport and uniformly release cargo at the target site is a boon in antifungal treatment. The article details research that lead to the development of nanoformulations of antifungals and potential advantages and avoidance of the lacunae characterizing conventional drugs. A range of nanoformulations based on liposomes, polymers are in various stages of research and their potential advantages have been brought out. It could be observed that under similar dosages, test models, and duration, nanoformulations provided enhanced activity, reduced toxicity, higher uptake and higher immunostimulatory effects. In most instances, the mechanism of antifungal activity of nanoformulations was similar to that of regular antifungal. There are possibilities of coupling multiple antifungals on the same nano-platform. Increased activity coupled with multiple mechanisms of action presents for nanoformulations a tremendous opportunity to overcome antifungal resistance. In the years to come, robust methods for the preparation of nanoformulations taking into account the repeatability and reproducibility in action, furthering the studies on nanoformulation toxicity and studies of human models are required before extensive use of nanoformulations as a prescribed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Nagaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakami Manivannan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Firdaus S, Hassan N, Mirza MA, Ara T, El-Serehy HA, Al-Misned FA, Iqbal Z. FbD directed fabrication and investigation of luliconazole based SLN gel for the amelioration of candidal vulvovaginitis: a 2 T (thermosensitive & transvaginal) approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:317-326. [PMID: 33424312 PMCID: PMC7785458 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidal vulvovaginitis (CVV), is the second most leading vaginal infection (global prevalence > 75%), caused due to excessive growth of Candida spp., predominantly Candida albicans (>95% cases). The current treatment regimens for CVV are marred with the challenges of fungal resistance & infection recurrence, subsequently leading to the compromised therapeutic efficacy of anti-fungal drugs, prolonged treatment and low patient compliance. The core of the present research was the fabrication & investigation of 2 T-SLN (solid lipid nanoparticles) gel carrying luliconazole for the amelioration of CVV. '2T' symbolizes transvaginal & thermosensitive attributes of the present formulation. SLNs were prepared by a modified melt emulsification-ultra sonication method using a combination of solid lipids (Gelucire 50/13 & Precirol ATO 5), surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (Kolliphor). Formulation by design (FbD) approach was adopted to obtain appropriately screened and tailored SLNs. The optimized SLNs yielded a particle size, polydispersity index & entrapment efficiency of 62.18 nm, 0.263 & 81.5% respectively. To formulate the 2 T-gel, the final SLNs were loaded into Carbopol 971P-NF and Triethanolamine based gel. The 2 T-SLN gel was found to be easily spreadable and homogenous with mean extrudability (15 ± 0.4 g/cm2), viscosity (696.42 ± 2.34 Pa·s) and %drug content (93.24 ± 0.73%) values.. The pH of the prepared 2 T-SLN gel (4.5 ± 0.5) was in concordance with the vaginal pH (normal conditions). For in-vitro characterization of an optimized 2 T-SLN gel the release kinetics & anticandidal activity were assessed which offers a %cumulative drug release of 62 ± 0.5% in 72 h and 37.3 ± 1.5 mm zone of inhibition in 48 h. The visual appearance & dimensions were determined using fluorescent microscopy (spherical shape) & transmission electron microscopy (90-120 nm) respectively. The optimized 2 T-SLN gel showcases a skin-friendly profile with no significant signs of erythema and oedema and was found to be stable at room temperature for 2 months without any visual non-uniformity/cracking/breaking. In conclusion, the current research serves a new therapeutic perspective in assessing the activity of luliconazole for vaginal drug delivery using a 2 T-SLN gel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Firdaus
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tabasum Ara
- Department of pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, J&K, India
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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The use of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutic agents against Candida infections: an up-to-date overview and future perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Araujo VHS, Duarte JL, Carvalho GC, Silvestre ALP, Fonseca-Santos B, Marena GD, Ribeiro TDC, Dos Santos Ramos MA, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanosystems against candidiasis: a review of studies performed over the last two decades. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:508-547. [PMID: 32795108 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1803208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crescent number of cases of candidiasis and the increase in the number of infections developed by non-albicans species and by multi-resistant strains has taken the attention of the scientific community, which has been searching for new therapeutic alternatives. Among the alternatives found the use of nanosystems for delivery of drugs already commercialized and new biomolecules have grown, in order to increase stability, solubility, optimize efficiency and reduce adverse effects. In view of the growing number of studies involving technological alternatives for the treatment of candidiasis, the present review came with the intention of gathering studies from the last two decades that used nanotechnology for the treatment of candidiasis, as well as analysing them critically and pointing out the future perspectives for their application with this purpose. Different studies were considered for the development of this review, addressing nanosystems such as metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipidic nanocapsules and liquid crystals; and different clinical presentations of candidiasis. As a general overview, nanotechnology has proven to be an important ally for the treatment against the diversity of candidiasis found in the clinic, whether in increasing the effectiveness of commercialized drugs and reducing their adverse effects, as well as allowing exploring more effectively properties therapeutics of new biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais de Cassia Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ahmad N, Jafri Z, Khan ZH. Evaluation of nanomaterials to prevent oral Candidiasis in PMMA based denture wearing patients. A systematic analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:189-193. [PMID: 32373449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is the prevention of Candida colonies on PMMA Denture Base by altering the surface and incorporations of Nanoparticles. Materials and methods The Pub Med/Medline was searched to identify 100 relevant studies published from 2011 to 2020. The search strategy employed the following keywords related to "use of Nanoparticles in dentistry", "Antimicrobial agents and PMMA", "Candidiasis and nanomaterials", "Prevention of oral Candidiasis", "Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in acrylic dentures," "nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for denture stomatitis", "Nanodentistry" or "Nanotechnology" or "Nanocomposite" or "Nanodrugs" or "Nanomaterials". Results Most of the studies shows that modified PMMA denture base resin containing different antimicrobial coatings and incorporation of metal oxides Nanoparticles and other nanomaterials showed antifungal activity in vitro; however some materials in higher concentration showing altered physical and mechanical properties possibly due to aggregation of Nanoparticles in the lattice of PMMA molecules. Conclusion Metal oxides nanomaterials revealed cytotoxicity to Candida and other microbes present in oral biofilm including PMMA denture surface. Nano toxicity may attribute to direct interaction of nanoparticles with cell membrane, hindrance in protein synthesis and early adhesion & interfere with physiology of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafis Ahmad
- Dept of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeba Jafri
- Dept of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zishan H Khan
- Dept. of Applied Science & Humanities, Faculty of Engineering &Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Ghojavand S, Madani M, Karimi J. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Stems and Flowers of Felty Germander. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Abid M. Opportunities and Challenges in the Anticandidal Drug Discovery and Development. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/157018081605190415121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abid
- Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi, India
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