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Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik J, Owrangi S, Yilmaz Y, El-Kassas M, Alswat K, Alqahtani SA. Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Middle East and North Africa. Liver Int 2024; 44:1061-1070. [PMID: 38305642 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is common and closely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the prevalence of NAFLD/MASLD in the general population and among patients with T2D in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for English-language articles published between 1990 and 2023 according to PRISMA. Each country's NAFLD/MASLD prevalence in the general population and in T2D patients was predicted by using a multivariable meta regression model. Input data were extracted from our systematic review, GBD and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Confidence intervals were constructed by using prediction intervals with the delta method. RESULTS Meta-analytic pooling estimated the prevalence of NAFLD/MASLD as 39.43% in the general population and 68.71% among T2D patients. NAFLD/MASLD prevalence has increased from 35.42% (2008-2016) to 46.20% (2017-2020). Using GBD-2019 dataset, it was predicted that there are 141.51 million cases of NAFLD/MASLD in the MENA region. The highest number of NAFLD/MASLD cases were expected in Egypt (25.71 million), followed by Türkiye (23.33 million) and Iran (19.85 million). Estimated NAFLD prevalence exceeded 40% in 10 of 21 countries with the top countries being Kuwait (45.37%), Egypt (45.0%), Qatar (44.4%), and Jordan (43.3%). Furthermore, it was predicted that there are 24.96 million cases of NAFLD/MASLD with T2D in the MENA region. CONCLUSIONS In the MENA region, prevalence of NAFLD/MASLD is very high and growing, necessitating an urgent need for regional public policy to deal with this growing burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Pegah Golabi
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - James Paik
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty in Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid Alswat
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- The Global NASH Council, Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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