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Da Silva-Mojón L, Pérez-Lamela C, Falqué-López E. Smoothies Marketed in Spain: Are They Complying with Labeling Legislation? Nutrients 2023; 15:4426. [PMID: 37892501 PMCID: PMC10610167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no legal definition of a smoothie, so the European legislation applicable to its labeling is that of fruit juice. The smoothie market has grown in recent years, as it can include a wide variety of ingredients: fruits, fruit purees, honey, milk and vegetable milks, vegetables, herbs, cereals, cereal flours, seaweed, and crushed ice. In this study, 57 smoothies were reviewed. All of them were purchased in supermarkets and classified into eight types according to the main ingredients. Fifteen legal statements/items were reviewed on the pack labels: eleven mandatory and three optional. Moreover, nutrition labels, nutritional claims, images, marks, and other symbols were also reviewed. Only 22.8% of the samples complied with EU and Spanish labeling legislation. More incorrectness was related to the name of the food and the fruits included as main ingredients; other errors related to the allergy/intolerance statements, and some nutritional claims concerning vitamin C were also detected to a lesser extent. General advice is provided for consumers to interpret smoothie labels correctly. Lawmakers should amend legislation to accept the term "smoothie" as a legal name.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Da Silva-Mojón
- Analytical Chemistry Area, Analytical Chemistry and Food Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.D.S.-M.); (E.F.-L.)
| | - Concepción Pérez-Lamela
- Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Analytical Chemistry and Food Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Elena Falqué-López
- Analytical Chemistry Area, Analytical Chemistry and Food Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.D.S.-M.); (E.F.-L.)
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Drinking instead of eating as breakfast in South Korea: In which context do people place food with a beverage? Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sulo S, Schiffer L, Sheean P, Farrar I, Partridge J, Fitzgibbon M. Community-Dwelling Adults at Nutrition Risk: Characteristics in Relation to the Consumption of Oral Nutritional Supplements. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 11:2150132720922716. [PMID: 32450745 PMCID: PMC7252370 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720922716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nutrition risk and utilization rate of simple but effective interventions such as oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in community settings in the United States, particularly among older adults, has received little emphasis. We conducted a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults ≥55 years of age and living independently to assess their risk of poor nutrition and characteristics in relation to ONS consumption. Methods: Demographic characteristics, activities of daily living (ADL), and health care resource utilization in the past 6 months were also collected via telephone survey. Nutrition risk was assessed with the abridged Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (abPG-SGA) and the DETERMINE Checklist. A logistic regression model tested possible predictors of ONS use. Results: Of 1001 participants surveyed, 996 provided data on ONS use and 11% (n = 114) reported consuming ONS during the past 6 months. ONS users were more likely to be at high nutrition risk than nonusers based on both abPG-SGA (43% vs 24%, P < .001) and DETERMINE Checklist (68% vs 48%, P < .001) scores. ONS users reported less functional independence based on ADL scores (86% vs 92%, P = .03), taking ≥3 medications/day (77% vs 53%, P < .001), and utilizing more health care services. Higher nutrition risk (per abPG-SGA), lower body mass index, hospitalization in the past 6 months, and ≥3 medications/day were each independently associated with ONS use (P < .05). Conclusions: Although one in four, urban community-dwelling adults (≥55 years of age) were classified as at high nutrition risk in our study, only 11% reported consuming ONS—a simple and effective nutrition intervention. Efforts to improve identification of nutrition risk and implement ONS interventions could benefit nutritionally vulnerable, community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suela Sulo
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
AbstractA better understanding of the factors that influence eating behaviour is of importance as our food choices are associated with the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, CVD, type 2 diabetes or some forms of cancer. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the industrial food production system is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emission and may be unsustainable. Therefore, our food choices may also contribute to climate change. By identifying the factors that influence eating behaviour new interventions may be developed, at the individual or population level, to modify eating behaviour and contribute to society’s health and environmental goals. Research indicates that eating behaviour is dictated by a complex interaction between physiology, environment, psychology, culture, socio-economics and genetics that is not fully understood. While a growing body of research has identified how several single factors influence eating behaviour, a better understanding of how these factors interact is required to facilitate the developing new models of eating behaviour. Due to the diversity of influences on eating behaviour this would probably necessitate a greater focus on multi-disciplinary research. In the present review, the influence of several salient physiological and environmental factors (largely related to food characteristics) on meal initiation, satiation (meal size) and satiety (inter-meal interval) are briefly discussed. Due to the large literature this review is not exhaustive but illustrates the complexity of eating behaviour. The present review will also highlight several limitations that apply to eating behaviour research.
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Vitolins MZ, Milliron BJ, Hopkins JO, Fulmer A, Lawrence J, Melin S, Case D. Weight Loss Intervention in Survivors of ER/PR-negative Breast Cancer. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2014; 7:17-24. [PMID: 24987274 PMCID: PMC4069035 DOI: 10.4137/cmwh.s13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found that increased body size (weight or body mass index) is a risk factor for breast cancer development, recurrence, and death. The detrimental relationship between body size and breast cancer recurrence may be more pronounced among women with estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancer. Considering the limited availability of treatments, and the association between body size and recurrence, alternative treatments are needed for ER/PR-negative breast cancer survivors, particularly overweight survivors. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of a 12-week, multi-component meal-replacement weight loss intervention among overweight or obese ER/PR-negative breast cancer survivors; and to obtain preliminary data on changes in anthropometrics, biomarkers, and health-related quality of life (QOL). The 12-week intervention included a portion-controlled diet (including meal replacements) and a multi-component intervention (including behavioral techniques, diet modification, physical activity, and social support). The goal of the intervention was to help participants lose 5% or more of their initial weight by reducing their caloric intake and increasing their physical activity (to at least 15 minutes each day). Paired t-tests assessed changes in continuous measures. Body weight was measured weekly and mixed-model regression analysis assessed change in weight over time. Nineteen ER/PR-negative breast cancer survivors with a mean age of 59 years participated in the study. All but two of the participants completed the 12-week intervention. Women lost an average of 6.3 ± 4.9 kg (P < 0.001), equivalent to 7.5% of their baseline weight. There were significant reductions in waist circumference (P = 0.001), percent fat mass (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.026), and triglycerides (P = 0.002); and improvements in health-related QOL (P = 0.017). Findings suggested that a meal-replacement weight loss approach among ER/PR-negative breast cancer survivors was feasible and was well received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Z Vitolins
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ; Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brandy-Joe Milliron
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Judith O Hopkins
- Derrick L. Davis Forsyth Regional Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Artie Fulmer
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Julia Lawrence
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Susan Melin
- Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Case
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ; Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Paolini BM, Laurienti PJ, Norris J, Rejeski WJ. Meal replacement: calming the hot-state brain network of appetite. Front Psychol 2014; 5:249. [PMID: 24723901 PMCID: PMC3971177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing awareness in the field of neuroscience that the self-regulation of eating behavior is driven by complex networks within the brain. These networks may be vulnerable to “hot states” which people can move into and out of dynamically throughout the course of a day as a function of changes in affect or visceral cues. The goal of the current study was to identify and determine differences in the Hot-state Brain Network of Appetite (HBN-A) that exists after a brief period of food restraint followed either by the consumption of a meal replacement (MR) or water. Fourteen overweight/obese adults came to our laboratory on two different occasions. Both times they consumed a controlled breakfast meal and then were restricted from eating for 2.5 h prior to an MRI scan. On one visit, they consumed a meal replacement (MR) liquid meal after this period of food restriction; on the other visit they consumed an equal amount of water. After these manipulations, the participants underwent a resting fMRI scan. Our first study aim employed an exploratory, data-driven approach to identify hubs relevant to the HBN-A. Using data from the water condition, five regions were found to be the hubs or nodes of the HBN-A: insula, anterior cingulated cortex, the superior temporal pole, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. We then demonstrated that the consumption of a liquid MR dampened interconnectivity between the nodes of the HBN-A as compared to water. Importantly and consistent with these network data, the consumption of a MR beverage also lowered state cravings and hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle M Paolini
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James Norris
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Department of Mathematics, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - W Jack Rejeski
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of research regarding adult behavioral lifestyle intervention for obesity treatment. We first describe two trials using a behavioral lifestyle intervention to induce weight loss in adults, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. We then review the three main components of a behavioral lifestyle intervention program: behavior therapy, an energy- and fat-restricted diet, and a moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity prescription. Research regarding the influence of dietary prescriptions focusing on macronutrient composition, meal replacements, and more novel dietary approaches (such as reducing dietary variety and energy density) on weight loss is examined. Methods to assist with meeting physical activity goals, such as shortening exercise bouts, using a pedometer, and having access to exercise equipment within the home, are reviewed. To assist with improving weight loss outcomes, broadening activity goals to include resistance training and a reduction in sedentary behavior are considered. To increase the accessibility of behavioral lifestyle interventions to treat obesity in the broader population, translation of efficacious interventions such as the DPP, must be undertaken. Translational studies have successfully altered the DPP to reduce treatment intensity and/or used alternative modalities to implement the DPP in primary care, worksite, and church settings; several examples are provided. The use of new methodologies or technologies that provide individualized treatment and real-time feedback, and which may further enhance weight loss in behavioral lifestyle interventions, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Looney
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Sood P, Priyadarshini S, Aich P. Estimation of psychological stress in humans: a combination of theory and practice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63044. [PMID: 23690978 PMCID: PMC3654918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has long been known to increase susceptibility to health disorders. In 2009, American Psychological Association further established association of stress to serious health problems. However, a quantitative and accurate way to evaluate and estimate stress status of individuals is still a big challenge. It has been shown, in large animal models using cattle, that psychological stress can be quantified as well as disease susceptibility could be predicted through biomarker discovery. Taking cue from those studies, we have evaluated and estimated psychological stress level of individuals theoretically and validated experimentally. Various biomarkers have also been identified which can be associated to psychological stress to predict stress status of unknown individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
| | - Sushri Priyadarshini
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Odisha, India
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