1
|
Hernández-Becerra E, Jímenez-Mendoza D, Mutis-Gonzalez N, Pineda-Gomez P, Rojas-Molina I, Rodríguez-García ME. Calcium Deficiency in Diet Decreases the Magnesium Content in Bone and Affects Femur Physicochemical Properties in Growing Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:224-232. [PMID: 31919787 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of three calcium levels in the diet (normal, moderate, and severe calcium depletion) on bone metabolism of male Wistar rats during their growth period. Bone mineral density (BMD) and femur length were determined in vivo during the growth stage using a single X-ray transmission system. The apparent calcium absorption was calculated in the rat adolescent and adulthood stages. At the end of the experiment, calcium concentrations in serum and urine were analyzed. The bones were evaluated postmortem to corroborate in vivo analyses. Microstructural properties of cortical and trabecular tissues of femurs bones were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Bone mineral contents (Mg, Ca, P, and K) were quantified by inductively coupled plasma. Severe calcium depletion in the diets in the development stage affects the bone quality parameters such as bone mineral density and mineral content. Moreover, it was found thinner cortical and trabecular bone areas. Additionally, it was found that severe calcium depletion increased the apparent absorption of calcium as a defense mechanism, but with the decrease of the BMD peak, and the thickness of cortical bone as well as trabecular bone porosity. The severe calcium depletion increased the efficiency of apparent absorption calcium as a defense mechanism, but, even so, decreases the BMD peak as well as the thickness of cortical bone and trabecular bone porosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Hernández-Becerra
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México.
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México.
| | - Daniel Jímenez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Centro, 37150, Guanajuato, México
| | - Nathalia Mutis-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, 170002, Colombia
| | - Posidia Pineda-Gomez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, 170002, Colombia
| | - Isela Rojas-Molina
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Mario E Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplica y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez-Becerra E, Londoño-Restrepo SM, Hernández-Urbiola MI, Jimenez-Mendoza D, Aguilera-Barreiro MDLÁ, Perez-Torrero E, Rodríguez-García ME. Determination of basal bone mineral density in the femur bones of male and female Wistar rats. Lab Anim 2020; 55:30-42. [PMID: 32460606 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220922566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in bone mineral content of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium and potassium for male and female Wistar rats during their development from 3 weeks old to adulthood (27 weeks old) were measured. Bone mineral content was related to areal bone mineral density (BMD) which was measured in vivo at the femoral neck using a calibrated X-ray transmission system to obtain basal curves as a function of the age of the specimen. Diagnostic curves were built to determine low BMD (osteopaenia) and osteoporosis in female rats fed a Ca-depleted diet (50%) based on the obtained data and the criteria established by the World Health Organization. Bone mineral content is directly related to sex and age, but P did not change throughout the experimental period. P content did not exhibit significant changes with growing, while Ca was greatest in male rats, producing significant differences in the Ca:P ratio. Male rats reach the Ca:P ratio peak before female rats. However, areal BMD does not follow the same trend. On the other hand, osteoporosis produced a 45% decrease in this parameter for young and mature adults. These results make Z-score values available to diagnose bone-mass losses and hence the possibility of improving the conditions of non-contact measurement of BMD in vivo. This technique can be used for future experiments with Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Hernandez-Becerra
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Mexico
- Área de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Sandra M Londoño-Restrepo
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Margarita I Hernández-Urbiola
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/n, Mexico
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS de Purísima del Rincón, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Mexico
| | | | - Esther Perez-Torrero
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/n, Mexico
| | - Mario E Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez-Becerra E, Mendoza-Avila M, Jiménez-Mendoza D, Gutierrez-Cortez E, Rodríguez-García ME, Rojas-Molina I. Effect of Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) Consumption at Different Maturity Stages as an Only Calcium Source on Bone Mineral Metabolism in Growing Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:168-176. [PMID: 31127473 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work determines the effect nopal consumption at different maturity stages (60, 200, 400, and 600 g) as the only calcium source in bone metabolism. The apparent mineral absorption, the biomarkers of bone metabolism, the bone mineral density at different femoral regions, and crystal properties of the bone were evaluated during the growth stage. The Ca absorption was increased with the rat age in most of the experimental groups, while Mg supplementation decreased intestinal absorption probably due to a saturation process. Intestinal Ca and Mg absorption showed an opposite trend; this result suggests that both ions can compete for vitamin D absorption sites. The percentage of absorption of K was lower in the groups fed with Nopal; nevertheless, due to supplementation, the net absorption was higher than the control group. In all groups, osteocalcin levels decreased with the rat age. Nopal consumption increased osteocalcin levels during the adolescence stage in comparison to the control group. Amino N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen levels increased in puberty and adolescence in all groups compared to the control group. Bone mineral density in different femoral regions was lower in the groups fed with nopal at early maturity stages (N-60 and N-200) than the groups fed with nopal at late maturity stages (N-400 and N-600). The crystal size of hydroxyapatite exhibited changes for all the groups, indicating the inclusion of mono and divalent ions in calcium replacement. On this basis, the nopal at late maturity stage contributed to bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Hernandez-Becerra
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, A.P. 1-1010, C.P. 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
- Licenciatura en Tecnología, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla A.P. 1-1010, C.P. 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Monserrat Mendoza-Avila
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elsa Gutierrez-Cortez
- Facultad dde Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Laboratorio de Transformación y Tecnologías Emergentes en Alimentos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Edo de México, Mexico
| | - Mario E Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, A.P. 1-1010, C.P. 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Isela Rojas-Molina
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N,, C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|