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Boxhammer E, Dienhart C, Rezar R, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Deciphering the Role of microRNAs: Unveiling Clinical Biomarkers and Therapeutic Avenues in Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Stroke-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5568. [PMID: 38791605 PMCID: PMC11122365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies of various geneses, rhythmological diseases, neurodegenerative illnesses and strokes. Numerous studies have focused on the expression of miRNA patterns with respect to atrial fibrillation (AF) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) However, only a few studies have addressed the expression pattern of miRNAs in patients with AF and AIS in order to provide not only preventive information but also to identify therapeutic potentials. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize 18 existing manuscripts that have dealt with this combined topic of AF and associated AIS in detail and to shed light on the most frequently mentioned miRNAs-1, -19, -21, -145 and -146 with regard to their molecular mechanisms and targets on both the heart and the brain. From this, possible diagnostic and therapeutic consequences for the future could be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Christiane Dienhart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepathology, Nephrology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Rezar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Liu ZZ, Lin WJ, Feng Y, Huang CL, Yan YF, Guo WY, Zhang H, Lei Z, Lu QL, Liu P, Lin XM, Wu SD. Plasma lncRNA LIPCAR Expression Levels Associated with Neurological Impairment and Stroke Subtypes in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Prospective Observational Study with a Control Group. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:1385-1398. [PMID: 37195410 PMCID: PMC10310665 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective observational study with a control group aimed to compare the plasma levels of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LIPCAR between patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and healthy controls, and to assess the prognostic abilities of LIPCAR for adverse outcomes of patients with ACI at 1-year follow-up. METHODS Eighty patients with ACI, of whom 40 had large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 40 had cardioembolism (CE) and who were hospitalized at Xi'an No. 1 Hospital from July 2019 to June 2020, were selected as the case group. Age- and sex-matched non-stroke patients from the same hospital throughout the same time period were chosen as the control group. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the levels of plasma lncRNA LIPCAR. The correlations of LIPCAR expression among the LAA, CE, and control groups were assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Curve fitting and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the LIPCAR levels and 1-year adverse outcomes of patients with ACI and its subtypes. RESULTS The expression of plasma LIPCAR in the case group was noticeably higher than that of the control group (2.42 ± 1.49 vs. 1.00 ± 0.47, p < 0.001). Patients with CE had considerably higher levels of LIPCAR expression than those with LAA. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score and modified Rankin scale score on admission were significantly positively correlated with LIPCAR expression in patients with CE and LAA. Furthermore, the correlation was stronger in patients with CE than in those with LAA, with correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.64, respectively. Curve fitting revealed a non-linear correlation between LIPCAR expression levels, 1-year recurrent stroke, all-cause mortalities, and poor prognoses, with a cut-off value of 2.2. CONCLUSION The expression level of lncRNA LIPCAR may play a potential role in the identification of neurological impairment and CE subtype in patients with ACI. Increased 1-year risk of adverse outcomes may be associated with high levels of LIPCAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 7100061, China
| | - Wen-Juan Lin
- Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cong-Li Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Yin-Fang Yan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Wei-Yan Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qing-Li Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Xue-Mei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Song-di Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China.
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, 710002, China.
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3
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Escudero-Martínez I, Morales-Caba L, Segura T. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: A review and new insights. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:23-29. [PMID: 34890796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The link between heart and brain continues to be a matter of great interest for the scientific community. One of the most established associations between the two is that the heart is a significant source of emboli and is responsible for 20-25% of all ischemic strokes. The most frequent underlying cause of cardioembolic stroke is atrial fibrillation (AF), a disease that affects almost 3 million people in the USA and 4.5 million in Europe. AF increases the risk of ischemic stroke by a factor of 3 to 5 times. It is estimated that AF is responsible for 15% of all strokes worldwide. A more comprehensive understanding of this association and development of intensive stroke prevention measures are needed, as we know that AF incidence and prevalence will increase over the coming years, becoming one of the largest epidemics and public health challenges we face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escudero-Martínez
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lluis Morales-Caba
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tomás Segura
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Spain
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Ward K, Vail A, Cameron A, Katan M, Lip GYH, Dawson J, Smith CJ, Kishore AK. Molecular biomarkers predicting newly detected atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke or TIA: A systematic review. Eur Stroke J 2022; 8:125-131. [PMID: 37021168 PMCID: PMC10069198 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several molecular biomarkers are available that predict newly detected atrial fibrillation (NDAF). We aimed to identify such biomarkers that predict NDAF after an Ischaemic stroke (IS)/Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) and evaluate their performance. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies of patients with IS, TIA, or both, who underwent ECG monitoring for ⩾24 h, which reported molecular biomarkers and frequency of NDAF after electronic searches of multiple databases were included. Results: Twenty-one studies (76% IS, 24% IS and TIA) involving 4640 patients were included. Twelve biomarkers were identified, with cardiac biomarkers evaluated in the majority (75%) of patients. Performance measures were inconsistently reported. Among cohorts selecting high-risk individuals (12 studies), the most studied biomarkers were N-Terminal-Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP, five studies; C-statistics reported by three studies, 0.69–0.88) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP, two studies; C-statistics reported in two studies, 0.68–0.77). Among unselected cohorts (nine studies), the most studied biomarker was BNP (six studies; C-statistics reported in five studies, 0.75–0.88). Only BNP was externally validated (two studies) but using different thresholds to categorise risk of NDAF. Conclusion: Cardiac biomarkers appear to have modest to good discrimination for predicting NDAF, although most analyses were limited by small, heterogeneous study populations. Their clinical utility should be explored further, and this review supports the need to assess the role of molecular biomarkers in large prospective studies with standardised selection criteria, definition of clinically significant NDAF and laboratory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Ward
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Andy Vail
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Alan Cameron
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mira Katan
- Stroke Center/Dept. Of Neurology University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland
- Stroke Center/Dept. Of Neurology University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory YH Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amit K Kishore
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Care organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Li Y, Tan W, Ye F, Wen S, Hu R, Cai X, Wang K, Wang Z. Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: data from a microarray data analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520921671. [PMID: 32367757 PMCID: PMC7222654 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520921671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to
discover key genes and microRNAs related to stroke risk in patients with AF
using bioinformatics analysis. Methods GSE66724 microarray data, including peripheral blood samples from eight
patients with AF and stroke and eight patients with AF without stroke, were
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) between AF patients with and without stroke were
identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis was
performed using the DAVID database. A protein–protein interaction (PPI)
network was obtained using the STRING database. MicroRNAs (miRs) targeting
these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A miR–DEG network was
constructed using Cytoscape software. Results We identified 165 DEGs (141 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Enrichment
analysis showed enrichment of certain inflammatory processes. The miR–DEG
network revealed key genes, including MEF2A,
CAND1, PELI1, and
PDCD4, and microRNAs, including miR-1, miR-1-3p,
miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-192, miR-192-5p, miR-155, and miR-155-5p. Conclusion Dysregulation of certain genes and microRNAs involved in inflammation may be
associated with a higher risk of stroke in patients with AF. Evaluating
these biomarkers could improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of
stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ostolaza A, Blanco-Luquin I, Urdánoz-Casado A, Rubio I, Labarga A, Zandio B, Roldán M, Martínez-Cascales J, Mayor S, Herrera M, Aymerich N, Gallego J, Muñoz R, Mendioroz M. Circular RNA expression profile in blood according to ischemic stroke etiology. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:34. [PMID: 32175077 PMCID: PMC7063791 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery of novel biomarkers of stroke etiology would be most helpful in management of acute ischemic stroke patients. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proposed as candidate biomarkers of neurological conditions due to its high stability. circRNAs function as sponges, sequestering miRNAs and are involved in most relevant biological functions. Our aim was to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in acute ischemic stroke patients according to stroke etiology. Methods A comprehensive expression profile of blood circRNAs was conducted by Arraystar Human circRNA arrays (13,617 probes) on a discovery cohort of 30 stroke patients with different stroke etiologies by TOAST classification. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate array results in a cohort of 50 stroke patients. Functional in silico analysis was performed to identify potential interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and pathways underlying deregulated circRNAs. Results A set of 60 circRNAs were found to be upregulated in atherotrombotic versus cardioembolic strokes (fold-change > = 1.5 and p-value ≤ 0.05). Differential expression of hsa_circRNA_102488, originated from UBA52 gene, was replicated in the validation cohort. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) sites of hsa_circRNA_102488 clustered around AGO2 and FUS proteins. Further functional analysis revealed interactions between deregulated circRNAs and a set of miRNAs involved in stroke-related pathways, such as fatty acid biogenesis or lysine degradation. Conclusion Different stroke subtypes show specific profiles of circRNAs expression. circRNAs may serve as a new source of biomarkers of stroke etiology in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiora Ostolaza
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Idoya Rubio
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Alberto Labarga
- 4Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Beatriz Zandio
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Miren Roldán
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Judith Martínez-Cascales
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Sergio Mayor
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - María Herrera
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Nuria Aymerich
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Jaime Gallego
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Roberto Muñoz
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,3Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- 1Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain.,Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
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Tancin Lambert A, Kong XY, Ratajczak-Tretel B, Atar D, Russell D, Skjelland M, Bjerkeli V, Skagen K, Coq M, Schordan E, Firat H, Halvorsen B, Aamodt AH. Biomarkers Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study from the NOR-FIB Study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2020; 10:11-20. [PMID: 32028277 PMCID: PMC7036587 DOI: 10.1159/000504529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cardioembolic stroke due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) may account for 1 out of 4 cryptogenic strokes (CS) and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The purpose of this pilot study was to search for biomarkers potentially predicting incident AF in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA. Methods Plasma samples were collected from patients aged 18 years and older with ischemic stroke or TIA due to AF (n = 9) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) with ipsilateral carotid stenosis (n = 8) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 10). Analyses were performed with the Olink technology simultaneously measuring 184 biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. For bioinformatics, acquired data were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Selected proteins were validated using ELISA. Individual receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and odds ratios from logistic regression were calculated. A randomForest (RF) model with out-of-bag estimate was applied for predictive modeling. Results GSEA indicated enrichment of proteins related to inflammatory response in the AF group. Interleukin (IL)-6, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, and pentraxin-related protein PTX3 were the top biomarkers on the ranked list for the AF group compared to the LAA group and the control group. ELISA validated increased expression of all tested proteins (GDF-15, PTX3, and urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor [U-PAR]), except for IL-6. 19 proteins had the area under the ROC curve (AUC) over 0.85 including all of the proteins with significant evolution in the logistic regression. AUCs were very discriminant in distinguishing patients with and without AF (LAA and control group together). GDF-15 alone reached AUC of 0.95. Based on RF model, all selected participants in the tested group were classified correctly, and the most important protein in the model was GDF-15. Conclusions Our results demonstrate an association between inflammation and AF and that multiple proteins alone and in combination may potentially be used as indicators of AF in CS and TIA patients. However, further studies including larger samples sizes are needed to support these findings. In the ongoing NOR-FIB study, we plan further biomarker assessments in patients with CS and TIA undergoing long-term cardiac rhythm monitoring with insertable cardiac monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway, .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,
| | - Xiang Y Kong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology B, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Russell
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Skagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne H Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Mohamed WS, Abd ElGawad EA, ElMotayam ASE, Fathy SE. Cardio embolic stroke and blood biomarkers: diagnosis and predictors of short-term outcome. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The brain is a productive source of a variety of enzymes and any brain injury like a stroke to brain tissue could similarly result in an increase in these enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Evaluation of these enzymes represents a simple method for the ischemic stroke subtype diagnosis and prognosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), d-dimer, creatine–kinase-MB (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels, and globulin/albumin ratio in the diagnosis of CES stroke and its ability to predict short-term outcome.
Methods
This study was conducted on 96 patients with acute ischemic stroke, subdivided into two groups: group Ι was 48 patients with cardio-embolic stroke and group ΙΙ was 48 patients with non-cardio-embolic. All patients were subjected to the assessment of serum BNP, d-dimer and CK-MB, and CRP and globulin/albumin ratio within the first 24 h of stroke. In the third week, they were assessed by mRS.
Results
The mean levels of BNP, d-dimer level, and CK-MB were significantly higher in patients with cardio-embolic stroke than in patients with non-cardio-embolic stroke (P < 0.001) and also were associated with poor short-term outcome.
Conclusion
Elevated plasma levels of BNP, d-dimer levels, and CK-MB can be used as surrogate biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardio-embolic stroke and prediction of poor short-term outcomes.
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9
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Chuang CS, Deng CZ, Fang YF, Jiang HR, Tseng PW, Sheen HJ, Fan YJ. A Smartphone-based Diffusometric Immunoassay for Detecting C-Reactive Protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17131. [PMID: 31748592 PMCID: PMC6868280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a portable smartphone-based diffusometry for analyzing the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. An optimized fluorescence microscopic add-on system for a smartphone was used to image the 300 nm fluorescent beads. Sequential nanobead images were recorded for a period and the image data were used for fluorescence correlation spectrometric (FCS) analysis. Through the analysis, the nanobeads' diffusion coefficient was obtained. Further, the diffusion coefficients of the anti-CRP-coated nanobeads, which were suspended in the samples with various CRP concentrations, were estimated using smartphone-based diffusometry. After 10 min of reaction, the anti-CRP-coated nanobeads in a higher CRP concentration solution led to a lower diffusion coefficient. Based on the experiments, a linear sensing range of 1~8 µg/mL was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Shen Chuang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Zong Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7 Chome-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yi-Fan Fang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Jiang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Wei Tseng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Horn-Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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10
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Ratajczak-Tretel B, Lambert AT, Johansen H, Halvorsen B, Bjerkeli V, Russell D, Sandset EC, Ihle-Hansen H, Eriksen E, Næss H, Novotny V, Khanevski AN, Truelsen TC, Idicula T, Ægidius KL, Tobro H, Krogseth SB, Ihle-Hansen H, Hagberg G, Kruuse C, Arntzen K, Bakkejord GK, Villseth M, Nakstad I, Eldøen G, Shafiq R, Gulsvik A, Kurz M, Rezai M, Sømark J, Tingvoll SH, Jonassen C, Ingebrigtsen S, Steffensen LH, Kremer C, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack - The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study: Rationale and design. Eur Stroke J 2019; 4:172-180. [PMID: 31259265 DOI: 10.1177/2396987319837089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is often suspected as a probable cause of cryptogenic stroke. Continuous long-term ECG monitoring using insertable cardiac monitors is a clinically effective technique to screen for atrial fibrillation and superior to conventional follow-up in cryptogenic stroke. However, more studies are needed to identify factors which can help selecting patients with the highest possibility of detecting atrial fibrillation with prolonged rhythm monitoring. The clinical relevance of short-term atrial fibrillation, the need for medical intervention and the evaluation as to whether intervention results in improved clinical outcomes should be assessed. Method The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Study is an international, multicentre, prospective, observational trial evaluating the occurrence of occult atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Nordic countries are included and will have the Reveal LINQ® Insertable cardiac monitor system implanted for 12 months for atrial fibrillation detection. Biomarkers which can be used as predictors for atrial fibrillation and may identify patients, who could derive the most clinical benefit from the detection of atrial fibrillation by prolonged monitoring, are being studied. Conclusion The primary endpoint is atrial fibrillation burden within 12 months of continuous rhythm monitoring. Secondary endpoints are atrial fibrillation burden within six months, levels of biomarkers predicting atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score, incidence of recurrent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, use of anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs, and quality of life measurements. The clinical follow-up period is 12 months. The study started in 2017 and the completion is expected at the end of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Russell
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Eriksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Thomas C Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Titto Idicula
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karen L Ægidius
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkon Tobro
- Department of Neurology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Siv B Krogseth
- Department of Neurology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Bærum, Norway
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Bærum, Norway
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maja Villseth
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Nakstad
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Raheel Shafiq
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - Anne Gulsvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Kurz
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mehdi Rezai
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jesper Sømark
- Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | | | - Christine Jonassen
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Christine Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology B, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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11
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MicroRNA Expression Profiles Identify Biomarker for Differentiating the Embolic Stroke from Thrombotic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4514178. [PMID: 30627556 PMCID: PMC6304579 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4514178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify potential biomarkers that distinguish the embolic stroke (ES) from thrombotic stroke (TS), a profile of microRNA expression was analyzed. The GSE60319 expression profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R was applied to screen for differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between the embolic stroke group and thrombotic stroke group. The miRWalk was utilized to predict the target genes of DEmiRNAs. Genes associated with embolic stroke were downloaded from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Cross reference of target genes to disease related genes was conducted to construct the DEmiRNA-gene network. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of overlapping genes was evaluated by STRING, using the MCODE and CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape to identify the modules and hub genes. The enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) in modules was performed. There were 30 microRNAs in total identified as DEmiRNAs between embolic stroke and thrombotic stroke groups, of which 8 were upregulated and 22 were downregulated. Among these differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-20a-5p were significantly associated with an ES to TS. Using the miRWalk 3.0 online tool, target genes regulated by DEmiRNAs were predicted. In addition, disease related genes were predicted and compared with target genes of DEmiRNAs. 166 overlapped genes regulated by miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-20a-5p were identified, suggesting their association with diseases that contributed to ES, mainly including atrial fibrillation, mitral valve stenosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. Therefore, miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-20a-5p were promising candidate biomarkers for differentiating an ES from TS. The PPI network demonstrated that miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-20a-5p were associated with an ES by mainly regulating “CCND1, E2F2, E2F3, ITCH, UBE4A, UBE3C, RBL2, FBXO31, EIF2C4, and EIF2C1”. Furthermore, miR-15a-5p and miR-17-5p may function through “cell cycle, prostate cancer, and small cell lung cancer” while miR-19b-3p and miR-20a-5p function through “insulin resistance, hepatitis B, and viral carcinogenesis” and “vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption”, respectively. However, these results were approached in the manner of bioinformatics analysis; therefore, further verification is required.
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12
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Seo WK, Jo G, Shin MJ, Oh K. Medium-Chain Acylcarnitines Are Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke and Stroke Recurrence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2245-2253. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Stroke is a heterogeneous disease with diverse causes, which affect the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers that are clinically relevant to the diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke (CE) and the prediction of stroke recurrence using metabolomics.
Approach and Results—
We obtained blood samples and clinical data from a consecutively registered, hospital-based acute stroke registry and from healthy controls. Mass-spectrometry–based profiling was performed, and several metabolomic signatures were selected for the discrimination of CE and stroke recurrence, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Finally, 190 acute ischemic stroke participants (43 CE patients and 147 non-CE patients) and 30 control participants were included. We obtained 29 metabolomics signatures, and of these, 2 medium-chain acylcarnitines (decanoylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine) were selected as independent discriminants for CE (odds ratio, 2.839; 95% CI, 1.241–6.493 for decanoylcarnitine; odds ratio, 2.839; 95% CI, 1.241–6.493 for octanoylcarnitine). Elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines were also associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.767; 95% CI, 1.276–11.117 for decanoylcarnitine; hazard ratio, 5.519; 95% CI, 1.22–18.781 for octanoylcarnitine). The levels of decanoylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine were correlated as known surrogate markers of CE. The levels of decanoylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine were significantly higher in stroke patients with a high-risk potential of cardioembolism than in those with low or intermediate risk.
Conclusions—
Metabolomics provided an improved understanding of CE pathogenesis and stroke recurrence. We have identified decanoylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine as novel biomarkers for CE and stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Keun Seo
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Samsung Medical Center and Department of Digital Health, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (W.-K.S.)
| | - Garam Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School (G.J., M.-J.S.)
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Science, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School (G.J., M.-J.S.)
| | - Kyungmi Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital (K.O.), Korea University, Seoul
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13
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Bai J, Sun H, Xie L, Zhu Y, Feng Y. Detection of cardioembolic stroke with B-type natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-BNP: a comparative diagnostic meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1100-1108. [PMID: 29874952 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1408612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Bai
- Outpatient Department, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Houchao Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Feng
- Department of Neurology, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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14
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Zubiate P, Zamarreño C, Sánchez P, Matias I, Arregui F. High sensitive and selective C-reactive protein detection by means of lossy mode resonance based optical fiber devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 93:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Piccardi B, Giralt D, Bustamante A, Llombart V, García-Berrocoso T, Inzitari D, Montaner J. Blood markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in cardioembolic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2017; 22:200-209. [PMID: 28117601 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1286689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various processes including inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardioembolic (CE) strokes. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence and investigate the association between immune-inflammatory biomarkers and CE strokes versus other stroke subtypes. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature (sources: MEDLINE, web-based register http://stroke-biomarkers.com , reference lists) with quality assessment and meta-analysis of selected articles. RESULTS The most consistent association was found between C-reactive protein (CRP) and CE strokes when compared to other stroke subtypes (standardized mean difference 0.223 (0.116, 0.343); p < 0.001) Conclusions: Our findings confirm a possible association between selected inflammatory biomarkers and CE stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Piccardi
- a Neuroscience Section, Department of Neurofarba , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Dolors Giralt
- b Neurovascular Research Laboratory , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- b Neurovascular Research Laboratory , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victor Llombart
- b Neurovascular Research Laboratory , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- b Neurovascular Research Laboratory , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- a Neuroscience Section, Department of Neurofarba , University of Florence , Florence , Italy.,c Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council , Florence , Italy
| | - Joan Montaner
- b Neurovascular Research Laboratory , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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16
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Watabe S, Kodama H, Kaneda M, Morikawa M, Nakaishi K, Yoshimura T, Iwai A, Miura T, Ito E. Ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of proteins by combination with the thio-NAD cycling method. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014; 10:49-54. [PMID: 27493498 PMCID: PMC4629663 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.10.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive method for the determination of proteins is described that combines an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling method. A sandwich method using a primary and a secondary antibody for antigens is employed in an ELISA. An androsterone derivative, 3α-hydroxysteroid, is produced by the hydrolysis of 3α-hydroxysteroid 3-phosphate with alkaline phosphatase linked to the secondary antibody. This 3α-hydroxysteroid is oxidized to a 3-ketosteroid by 3α- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) with a cofactor thio-NAD. By the opposite reaction, the 3-ketosteroid is reduced to a 3α-hydroxysteroid by 3α-HSD with a cofactor NADH. During this cycling reaction, thio-NADH accumulates in a quadratic function-like fashion. Accumulated thio-NADH can be measured directly at an absorbance of 400 nm without any interference from other cofactors. These features enable us to detect a target protein with ultrasensitivity (10−19 mol/assay) by measuring the cumulative quantity of thio-NADH. Our ultrasensitive determination of proteins thus allows for the detection of small amounts of proteins only by the application of thio-NAD cycling reagents to the usual ELISA system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Kodama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
| | - Mugiho Kaneda
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
| | - Mika Morikawa
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; TAUNS Co. Ltd., Izunokuni 410-2325, Japan
| | | | - Teruki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan
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