Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Infertility: From Molecular Perspective

Naringenin improves ovarian health by reducing the serum androgen and eliminating follicular cysts in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in the Sprague Dawley rats

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most common in women of reproductive age, giving rise to androgen excess and anovulation, leading to infertility and non-reproductive complications. We explored the ameliorating effect of naringenin in PCOS using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and human granulosa cells. Letrozole-induced PCOS rats were given either naringenin (50 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with metformin (300 mg/kg/day), followed by the estrous cycle, hormonal analysis, and glucose sensitivity test. To evaluate the effect of naringenin on granulosa cell (hGC) steroidogenesis, we treated cells with naringenin (2.5 μM) alone or in combination with metformin (1 mM) in the presence of forskolin (10 μM). To determine the steroidogenesis of CYP-17A1, -19A1, and 3βHSD2, the protein expression levels were examined. Treatment with naringenin in the PCOS animal groups increased ovulation potential and decreased cystic follicles and levels of androgens. The expression levels of CYP-17A1, -19A1, and 3βHSD2, were seen restored in the ovary of PCOS SD rats' model and in the human ovarian cells in response to the naringenin. We found an increased expression level of phosphorylated-AKT in the ovary and hGCs by naringenin. Naringenin improves ovulation and suppress androgens and cystic follicles, involving AKT activation.

Uterine artery embolization technique for treatment of a huge multi myomatous uterus in a virgin woman

Introduction

Uterine artery embolization is a non-surgical method performed for large and numerous fibroids to preserve the fertility.

Case presentation

The patient is a 36-year-old virgin woman with menometrorrhagia, abdominal pressure, constipation, bilateral abdominal pain, frequent urination and a compressive effect on the intestines was reported to our center. She was diagnosed with uterine fibroids.

Discussion

Because the type of uterine masses and possibility of uncontrollable bleeding during myomectomy and hysterectomy, uterine vascular embolization by supra selective angiography to preserve the uterus was performed. Due to fever, pain and vaginal discharge, she was hospitalized again and hysterotomy was performed without any reported complications.

Conclusion

Uterine artery embolization is a safe method, however reduction and loss in ovarian function can be seen with the treatment. Measurement of follicle stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone before and after the treatment is important.

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Fibroids are very common, occur individually or in multiple myometrial smooth muscle cells.

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The patient is a 36-year-old virgin woman with menometrorrhagia, abdominal pressure.

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she was hospitalized again and hysterotomy was performed without any reported complications.

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It is also recommended to use egg storage with existing methods if possible, to maintain future fertility.