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Alharthy RD, Rashid F, Ashraf A, Shafiq Z, Ford S, Al-Rashida M, Yaqub M, Iqbal J. Pyrazole derivatives of pyridine and naphthyridine as proapoptotic agents in cervical and breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5370. [PMID: 37005457 PMCID: PMC10067956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The increasing prevalence and resistance to chemotherapy is responsible for driving the search of novel molecules to combat this disease. In search of novel compounds with pro-apoptotic potential, pyrazolo-pyridine and pyrazolo-naphthyridine derivatives were investigated against cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The anti-proliferative activity was determined through the MTT assay. Potent compounds were then analyzed for their cytotoxic and apoptotic activity through a lactate dehydrogenase assay and fluorescence microscopy after propidium iodide and DAPI staining. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle arrest in treated cells and pro-apoptotic effect was verified through measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. Compounds 5j and 5k were found to be most active against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was observed in treated cancer cells. Morphological features of apoptosis were also confirmed, and an increased oxidative stress indicated the involvement of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis. The compound-DNA interaction studies demonstrated an intercalative mode of binding and the comet assay confirmed the DNA damaging effects. Finally, potent compounds demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of activated caspase-9 and -3/7 confirmed the induction of apoptosis in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells. The present work concludes that the active compounds 5j and 5k may be used as lead candidates for the development of lead drug molecules against cervical and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D Alharthy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abida Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Kutchery Campus, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and computational investigations of S-benzyl dithiocarbamates as the cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khan BA, Hamdani SS, Ahmed MN, Rashid U, Hameed S, Ibrahim MA, Iqbal J, Granados CC, Macías MA. Design, synthesis, crystal structures, computational studies, in vitro and in silico monoamine oxidase-A&B inhibitory activity of two novel S-benzyl dithiocarbamates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kotovshchikov YN, Sultanov RH, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Domino assembly of dithiocarbamates via Cu-catalyzed denitrogenative thiolation of iodotriazole-based diazo precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5764-5770. [PMID: 35815554 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient domino approach to assemble benzoxazoles and anthranilamides bearing dithiocarbamate moieties has been developed. The proposed route represents a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction between readily available 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles, amines, and CS2. The cascade transformation is based on a denitrogenative coupling of in situ formed dithiocarbamic acids with diazo intermediates, generated via annulation-triggered triazole ring-opening. This method is applicable to nucleophilic secondary amines and features good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Rinat H Sultanov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Ghani U, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z, Mujamammi AH, Özkay Y, Demirci F, Kaplancikli ZA. Dithiocarbamate derivatives inhibit α-glucosidase through an apparent allosteric site on the enzyme. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:283-294. [PMID: 34047492 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate derivatives possess diverse biological activities. This work further expands their activity profile by identifying seven benzylamine-containing dithiocarbamate derivatives with piperazine and piperidine substitutions at the main moiety, and five piperazine-containing dithiocarbamates with various substitutions at the piperazine moiety as new inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Compounds bearing the benzylamine moiety exhibited more potent inhibition of the enzyme than the piperazine derivatives. Majority of the compounds non-competitively inhibited α-glucosidase that led to the identification of a new allosteric site on the enzyme with the help of molecular dynamics and docking studies. These studies suggest that the compounds regulate inhibition of the enzyme by binding to an allosteric site that is located in the vicinity of the active site. This is the first report on the allosteric inhibition of α-glucosidase by dithiocarbamate derivatives that provides insights into the mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme at molecular level. Moreover, it also explores new avenues for drug development of α-glucosidase inhibitors as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ghani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asim Kaplancikli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Uddin N, Rashid F, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Raheel A, Imran M, Zaib S, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J, Ali S. Triorganotin (IV) carboxylates as potential anticancer agents: Their synthesis, physiochemical characterization, and cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmed Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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Rashid F, Uddin N, Ali S, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J. New triorganotin(iv) compounds with aromatic carboxylate ligands: synthesis and evaluation of the pro-apoptotic mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4499-4514. [PMID: 35424423 PMCID: PMC8694426 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new organotin(iv) carboxylate compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy. Single X-ray crystallography reveals that compound C2 has a monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c having distorted bipyramidal geometry defined by C3SnO2. The synthesized compounds were screened for drug-DNA interactions via UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry showing good activity with high binding constants. Theoretical investigations also support the reactivity of the compounds as depicted from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis using Gaussian 09. Synthesized compounds were initially evaluated on two cancer (HeLa and MCF-7) cell lines and cytotoxicity to normal cells was evaluated using a non-cancerous (BHK-21) cell line. All the compounds were found to be active, with IC50 values less than that of the standard drug i.e. cisplatin. The cytotoxic effect of the most potent compound C2 was confirmed by LDH cytotoxicity assay and fluorescence imaging after PI staining. Apoptotic features in compound C2 treated cancer cells were visualized after DAPI staining while regulation of apoptosis was observed by reactive oxygen species generation, binding of C2 with DNA, a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Results are indicative of activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in C2 treated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmad Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
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