Synthesis Strategies and Medicinal Value of Pyrrole and its Fused Heterocyclic Compounds

Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking Studies of Disubstituted N-Heterocyclic Derivatives as Anticancer Agents

Cancer is a chronic disease reported with alarming rates of mortalities every year. Herein, we reported the synthesis of nitrogen based novel heterocyclic disubstituted derivatives and evaluated them against L929 and A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Among all, 6a2 and 6c1 were significantly active against L929 with IC50 value of 2.61±9.58 and 2.64±8.97 μg/mL respectively. Compounds 6a2 and 6c1 were also active against A549 with IC50 value of 2.36±9.20 and 2.43±6.28 μg/mL respectively and were found to be more potent than the standard drug Doxorubicin. A molecular docking study of the active compounds was also done against EGFR, conferring good binding affinity and binding interactions. Further biological investigations may provide valuable insights towards exploring the therapeutic potential of the active compounds in future.

Spectroscopic investigations, quantum chemical, drug likeness and molecular docking studies of methyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-pyrrole-2-carboxylate: A novel ovarian cancer drug

Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyse the structural and vibrational properties of Methyl 1-Methyl-4-nitro-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (MMNPC) using the cc-pVTZ basis set. The potential energy surface scan and the most stable molecular structure were optimized using Gaussian 09 program. A potential energy distribution calculation was used to calculate and assign vibrational frequencies using the VEDA 4.0 program package. The Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) were analysed to determine their related molecular properties. Ab initio density functional theory (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) method with basis set was used to calculate 13C NMR chemical shift values of MMNPC in the ground state. Fukui function and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis confirmed the bioactivity of the MMNPC molecule. The charge delocalization and stability of the title compound were studied using natural bond orbital analysis. All experimental spectral values from FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-VIS, and 13C NMR are in good agreement with the value calculated by the DFT. Molecular docking analysis was carried out to find the MMNPC compound that can be used as a potential drug development candidate for ovarian cancer.

In Silico Evaluation and In Vitro Determination of Neuroprotective and MAO-B Inhibitory Effects of Pyrrole-Based Hydrazones: A Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is a huge burden in modern medicinal practice. A serious drawback of current antiparkinsonian therapy is its symptomatic nature. This directed our investigations in the search for new more potent derivatives, affecting not only the loss of dopaminergic neurons but also the oxidative damage of neuronal cells. Thus in vitro neurotoxicity and neuroprotective analysis on a group of N-pyrrolyl hydrazide-hydrazones were performed. The neurotoxicity of the target derivatives was determined on a subcellular level in isolated rat synaptosomes, mitochondria and microsomes determining their effect on cellular vitality, GSH depletion and MDA production. The neuroprotective effects of the evaluated hydrazones were measured in three models of induced oxidative stress: 6-OHDA, t-BuOOH and Fe²⁺/AA-induced lipid peroxidation. Molecular docking simulations along with in vitro evaluation of MAO-B inhibitory potential of the target molecules were also performed. The results identified the ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (12) as the most promising compound with the lowest neurotoxicity and highest neuroprotection on all evaluated parameters and inhibiting the hMAOB enzyme by 50%, comparable with the activity of the reference, Selegiline. The compatibility of the in silico and in vitro evaluations is a good prerequisite for these methods to be applied in future assessment of pyrrole-based compounds as anti-Parkinson agents.

A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of New Poly Functionalized Pyrrolotriazoles via a Regioselective Multicomponent Cyclisation and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions

The first access to N-1, N-4 disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazoles is reported. The series were generated using a “one-pot” MCR, leading to a single regioisomer of the attempted heteroaromatic skeleton in good yields. Next, the functionalization of C-5 and C-6 positions was investigated. (Het)aryl groups were introduced at the C-5 and C-6 positions of the pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazoles using regioselective electrophilic brominations followed by Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions were optimized and a representative library of various boronic acids was employed to establish the scope and limitations of the method.