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Morante N, Folliero V, Dell’Annunziata F, Capuano N, Mancuso A, Monzillo K, Galdiero M, Sannino D, Franci G. Characterization and Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Ag- and TiO x-Based (x = 2, 3) Composite Nanomaterials under UV Irradiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2178. [PMID: 38793245 PMCID: PMC11122886 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal and metal oxide nanostructured materials have been chemically and physically characterized and tested concerning methylene blue (MB) photoremoval and UV antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In detail, silver nanoparticles and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles were modified to obtain nanocomposites through sonicated sol-gel TiO2 synthesis and the photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles, respectively. The characterization results of pristine nanomaterials and synthetized photocatalysts revealed significant differences in specific surface area (SSA), the presence of impurities in commercial Ag nanoparticles, an anatase phase with brookite traces for TiO2-based nanomaterials, and a mixed cubic-tetragonal phase for BaTiO3. Silver nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity at different dosages; however, they were inactive in the photoremoval of the dye. The silver-TiOx nanocomposite demonstrated an activity in the UV photodegradation of MB and UV inhibition of bacterial growth. Specifically, TiO2/AgNP (30-50 nm) reduced growth by 487.5 and 1.1 × 103 times for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, at a dose of 500 μg/mL under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Morante
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (N.M.); (A.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Capuano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
| | - Antonietta Mancuso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (N.M.); (A.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Katia Monzillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (N.M.); (A.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Diana Sannino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (N.M.); (A.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (V.F.); (F.D.); (N.C.)
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Alshehri B. The geranium genus: A comprehensive study on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological importance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103940. [PMID: 38371877 PMCID: PMC10873751 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The geranium genus consists of about 400 species, which have been utilized for a long time in ancient medical practices throughout the world. As a result, herbal medications based on species are commonly utilized to treat a range of illnesses. This investigation aims to provide an extensive assessment of the literature on the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological importance of the genus Geranium. Data were collected through systemic computer searches among the most reputable scientific databases, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Occasionally, information published as peer-reviewed literature was added to data from sources that these databases do not include. This review includes all published works through the end of 2022. The assessment of the biological characteristics of medicinal plant species in the genus Geranium has received a great deal of attention, primarily in the last 20 years, in tandem with the growing interest in herbal remedies in general. The detailed and systematic comparative analysis presented here provides valuable information on the current Geranium species. It paves the way for other beneficial species of Geranium to be studied in the fields of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Yaseen A, Sheikh BA, Bhat BA, Hamid S, Waseem MA, Zargar MI, Mir MA, Shah WA. Deciphering the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Prangos pabularia Lindl. using LC-MS/MS in combination with experimental evaluation and computational studies. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38192260 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2300394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study meticulously explores the antimicrobial potential of Prangos pabularia Lindl.'s aerial parts through a comprehensive blend of in vitro and in silico analysis. Extracts with varying polarities underwent LC-MS/MS identification of active components, followed by in vitro and in silico assessments of antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida paropsilosis. The methanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 48 μg/mL against all tested strains. Molecular docking revealed the compound 9-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-furo-(3,2-g)-chromen-7-one's highest binding affinity against the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) bacterial drug target molecule. Other compounds also displayed substantial interactions with key antimicrobial drug target proteins. Further, Molecular dynamics simulations affirmed the stability of protein and ligand conformations. Collectively, these results underscore Prangos pabularia Lindl.'s aerial parts as a promising botanical resource in combating diverse microbial infections. This comprehensive approach not only validates it's in vitro antimicrobial properties but also provides molecular insights into interaction mechanisms, advancing our comprehension of the plant's therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Bashir A Sheikh
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Basharat A Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, India
| | - Saima Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Malik A Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Zargar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajaht A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Bhat BA, Rashid Mir W, Alkhanani M, Almilaibary A, Mir MA. Network pharmacology and experimental validation for deciphering the action mechanism of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don constituents in suppressing breast carcinoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37948293 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don is a well-known medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya. Traditionally, it has been used to treat several diseases, including cancer. However, the molecular mechanism behind anticancer activity remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we have performed high performance-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC/MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation methods were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of F. cirrhosa for the treatment of breast cancer (BC). The targets of F. cirrhosa for treating BC were predicted using databases like SwissTargetPrediction, Gene Cards and OMIM. Protein-protein interaction analysis and network construction were performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins programme, and analysis of Gene Ontology term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment was done using the Cytoscape programme. In addition, molecular docking was used to investigate intermolecular interactions between the compounds and the proteins using the Autodock tool. MD simulations studies were also used to explore the stability of the representative AKT1 gene peiminine and Imperialine-3-β-glucoside. In addition, experimental treatment of F. cirrhosa was also verified. HR-LC/MS detected the presence of several secondary metabolites. Afterward, molecular docking was used to verify the effective activity of the active ingredients against the prospective targets. Additionally, Peiminine and Imperialine-3-β-glucoside showed the highest binding energy score against AKT-1 (-12.99 kcal/mol and -12.08 kcal/mol). AKT1 with Peiminine and Imperialine-3-β-glucoside was further explored for MD simulations. During the MD simulation study at 100 nanoseconds, a stable complex formation of AKT1 + Peiminine and Imperialine-3-β-glucoside was observed. The binding free energy calculations using MM/GBSA showed significant binding of the ligand with protein (ΔG: -79.83 ± 3.0 kcal/mol) between AKT1 + Peiminine was observed. The principal component analysis exhibited a stable converged structure by achieving global motion. Lastly, F. cirrhosa extracts also exhibited momentous anticancer activity through in vitro studies. Therefore, present study revealed the molecular mechanism of F. cirrhosa constituents for the effective treatment of BC by deactivating various multiple gene targets, multiple pathways particularly the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings emphasized the momentous anti-BC activity of F. cirrhosa constituents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Wajahat Rashid Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, KSA
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Albaha, KSA
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK, India
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Mir WR, Bhat BA, Kumar A, Dhiman R, Alkhanani M, Almilaibary A, Dar MY, Ganie SA, Mir MA. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and in vitro verification reveals the therapeutic potential of Delphinium roylei munz constituents on breast carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135898. [PMID: 37724182 PMCID: PMC10505441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Delphinium roylei Munz is an indigenous medicinal plant to India where its activity against cancer has not been previously investigated, and its specific interactions of bioactive compounds with vulnerable breast cancer drug targets remain largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-breast cancer activity of different extracts of D. roylei against breast cancer and deciphering the molecular mechanism by Network Pharmacology combined with Molecular Docking and in vitro verification. The experimental plant was extracted with various organic solvents according to their polarity index. Phytocompounds were identified by High resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC/MS) technique, and SwissADME programme evaluated their physicochemical properties. Next, target(s) associated with the obtained bioactives or breast cancer-related targets were retrieved by public databases, and the Venn diagram selected the overlapping targets. The networks between overlapping targets and bioactive were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by STRING programme and Cytoscape software. Finally, we implemented a molecular docking test (MDT) using AutoDock Vina to explore key target(s) and compound(s). HR-LC/MS detected hundreds of phytocompounds, and few were accepted by Lipinski's rules after virtual screening and therefore classified as drug-like compounds (DLCs). A total of 464 potential target genes were attained for the nine quantitative phytocompounds and using Gene Cards, OMIM and DisGeNET platforms, 12063 disease targets linked to breast cancer were retrieved. With Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, a total of 20 signalling pathways were manifested, and a hub signalling pathway (PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), a key target (Akt1), and a key compound (8-Hydroxycoumarin) were selected among the 20 signalling pathways via molecular docking studies. The molecular docking investigation revealed that among the nine phytoconstituents, 8-hydroxycoumarin showed the best binding energy (-9.2 kcal/mol) with the Akt1 breast cancer target. 8-hydroxycoumarin followed all the ADME property prediction using SwissADME, and 100 nanoseconds (ns) MD simulations of 8-hydroxycoumarin complexes with Akt1 were found to be stable. Furthermore, D. roylei extracts also showed significant antioxidant and anticancer activity through in vitro studies. Our findings indicated for the first time that D. roylei extracts could be used in the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Rashid Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Younis Dar
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Bhat BA, Mir RA, Qadri H, Dhiman R, Almilaibary A, Alkhanani M, Mir MA. Integrons in the development of antimicrobial resistance: critical review and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231938. [PMID: 37720149 PMCID: PMC10500605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mainly through integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase to the target pathogenic host. Moreover, integrons play a central role in disseminating and assembling genes connected with antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. They exhibit a large and concealed diversity in the natural environment, raising concerns about their potential for comprehensive application in bacterial adaptation. They should be viewed as a dangerous pool of resistance determinants from the "One Health approach." Among the three documented classes of integrons reported viz., class-1, 2, and 3, class 1 has been found frequently associated with AMRs in humans and is a critical genetic element to serve as a target for therapeutics to AMRs through gene silencing or combinatorial therapies. The direct method of screening gene cassettes linked to pathogenesis and resistance harbored by integrons is a novel way to assess human health. In the last decade, they have witnessed surveying the integron-associated gene cassettes associated with increased drug tolerance and rising pathogenicity of human pathogenic microbes. Consequently, we aimed to unravel the structure and functions of integrons and their integration mechanism by understanding horizontal gene transfer from one trophic group to another. Many updates for the gene cassettes harbored by integrons related to resistance and pathogenicity are extensively explored. Additionally, an updated account of the assessment of AMRs and prevailing antibiotic resistance by integrons in humans is grossly detailed-lastly, the estimation of AMR dissemination by employing integrons as potential biomarkers are also highlighted. The current review on integrons will pave the way to clinical understanding for devising a roadmap solution to AMR and pathogenicity. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract displays how integron-aided AMRs to humans: Transposons capture integron gene cassettes to yield high mobility integrons that target res sites of plasmids. These plasmids, in turn, promote the mobility of acquired integrons into diverse bacterial species. The acquisitions of resistant genes are transferred to humans through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Molecular docking analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of the constituents of Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet from Kashmir Himalaya. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12547. [PMID: 35869098 PMCID: PMC9307801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet is a well-known medicinal plant in Kashmir Himalya. The evidence for its modern medicinal applications remains majorly unexplored. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the detailed antimicrobial promises of different crude extracts (methanolic, ethanolic, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate) of G. wallichainum against common human bacterial and fungal pathogens in order to scientifically validate its traditional use. The LC–MS analysis of G. wallichainum yielded 141 bioactive compounds with the vast majority of them having therapeutic applications. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by broth microdilution method of G. wallichainum was tested against bacterial and fungal pathogens with MICs ranging from 0.39 to 400 µg/mL. Furthermore, virtual ligands screening yielded elatine, kaempferol, and germacrene-A as medicinally most active constituents and the potential inhibitors of penicillin-binding protein (PBP), dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), elongation factor-Tu (Eu-Tu), ABC transporter, 1,3 beta glycan, and beta-tubulin. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) graphs obtained through the molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) indicated the true bonding interactions which were further validated using root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) graphs which provided a better understanding of the amino acids present in the proteins responsible for the molecular motions and fluctuations. The effective binding of elatine, kaempferol, and germacrene-A with these proteins provides ground for further research to understand the underlying mechanism that ceases the growth of these microbes.
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